Multi Delay Research Articles

Carrier-assisted differential detection receiver with low carrier-to-signal power ratio employing parallel multi delay

We propose a parallel multi delay (PMD) carrier-assisted differential detection (CADD) receiver for the first time, including PMD asymmetric-CADD (PMD A-CADD) and PMD symmetric-CADD (PMD S-CADD). The transfer function of the PMD CADD receiver is optimized by expanding the number of optical delays to a general selection, thereby suppressing the signal-signal beat interference (SSBI). As a result, the required carrier-to-signal power ratio (CSPR) is reduced, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) sensitivity is drastically improved. Two schemes for further mitigation of residual SSBI are introduced, namely SSBI iterative cancellation algorithm and the increased guard band mitigation method. For SSBI iterative cancellation algorithm, by optimizing the number of optical delays, the optimal CSPR for the P6D A-CADD and the P5D S-CADD can be reduced to −1 dB, the required number of iterations is only 3, and compared with the parallel dual delay-based asymmetric-CADD (PDD A-CADD) receiver, the OSNR sensitivity is improved by about 4.5 dB. For the increased guard band mitigation method, 2.34 GHz and 3.16 GHz guard band are required for the P6D A-CADD and the P5D S-CADD to meet the 7% FEC threshold at 0 dB CSPR.

Validation of early‐frame 18F‐FDG PET for CBF quantification: Comparison to simultaneous eASL measurements in memory patients

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to validate early [18F]‐FDG (eFDG) imaging for the quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF), enabling dual‐marker imaging of perfusion and metabolism with a single tracer.Method19 participants with memory concerns underwent simultaneous [18F]‐FDG PET and multi delay pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (eASL) MR imaging on a hybrid 3T PET/MRI scanner. eFDG‐CBF maps were generated from the first 30s, 60s, 120s and 300s after injection, and measurements were compared to ASL‐CBF using voxel‐wise cross correlation and concordance correlation for 7 regions derived from the MNI‐structural atlas.ResultHighest voxel‐wise cross‐correlation to ASL‐CBF maps were reported for 300s (5 min) eFDG (r = 0.77).Concordance correlation (CC) values were strong in all ROIs, ranging from (CC = 0.88) to (CC = 0.65) in temporal and occipital regions respectively. Mean of measurements in all ROIs were in good agreement between eFDG and ASL CBF maps, with a reported voxel‐wise mean absolute error of ±6.73 ml/100g/min between two maps.ConclusionBy simultaneous measurement of hemodynamics across modalities with a TOF‐enabled PET/MRI, we were able to demonstrate that eFDG PET is a reliable measure in mapping CBF based on strong inter‐modality correlation with ASL‐CBF, irrespective of pathophysiological variations in memory patients.

Internet of things sports information collection and sports action simulation based on cloud computing data platform

In recent years, cloud computing technology has shown exponential growth, and the upgrading of hardware and the improvement of computing performance have brought significant changes to the Internet of Things industry. With the changes of the times and the emergence of many new demands, data platforms under cloud computing platforms must make corresponding changes according to the new demands. Among them, the construction of cross regional data centers is particularly important, especially in commercial environments. How to reduce the cost of data centers on cloud computing platforms while ensuring business quality has become a crucial issue. Based on the above situation, this article has optimized the bandwidth cost of the data center and solved the problem of big data transmission based on delayed big data windows and multi delay windows. A mathematical model for optimizing bandwidth cost under multi delay windows is proposed. This article also studied sports action simulation, which plays an important role in sports research, film animation, and virtual reality. Simulation actions are usually implemented based on data capture methods. However, these methods typically do not have interactivity with the environment. To enhance the authenticity and interactive ability of simulation action information collection, this article adopts reinforcement learning method for training and design, and applies a system of functions such as collecting human sports data processing. This article applies cloud computing data platforms and sports information collection to sports action simulation, making progress in the development of sports action simulation.

Exponential stability and instability in nonlinear differential equations with multiple delays

Inequalities regarding the solutions of the nonlinear differential equation with multiple delays xl(t) = a(t)f(x(t)) +Σni=1bi(t)f(x(t − hi)), are obtained by means of Lyapunov functionals. These inequalities are then used to obtain sufficient conditions that guarantee exponential decay of solutions to zero of the multi delay nonlinear differential equation. In addition, we obtain a criterion for the instability of the zero solution. The results generalizes some results in the literature.

Global Attractivity of Solutions of Nonlinear Delay Difference Equations

Abstract The asymptotic behavior of solutions of delay difference equations is an important research topic in the field of qualitative analysis of difference equations and the key to grasp the evolution trend of various dynamic systems As we all know, most difference equations cannot find exact solutions Therefore, it is necessary to study the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the delay difference equation by indirect method. In this paper, improved the form of the equation in the existing reference, a single delay is changed into a multi delay equation, and the conditions required for the theorem to be established are weakened, so that the theorem can be applied to a wider range and still holds under the original conditions sufficient conditions for the asymptotic behavior of solutions independent of delay are obtained. The conclusion is proved by constructor method and counter proof method The relevant results in the existing literature are extended and improved to make the results more general. The results are applied to a kind of hematopoietic stem cell model. The asymptotic behavior of the solution is intuitively displayed in the form of chart to verify the conclusion.

Hybrid multi-delay impulsive control for synchronisation of multi-links stochastic delayed complex networks with semi-Markov jump

In this paper, synchronisation between multi-links stochastic delayed drive complex networks with semi-Markov jump and the corresponding response networks via hybrid multi-delay impulsive control is researched. Thereinto, the hybrid multi-delay impulses include synchronous and asynchronous impulses without delay, synchronous impulses and asynchronous with multi delays. We put up with a concept of average multi-delay impulsive gain to quantify the impulses effects. A novel multi-delay impulsive differential inequality is also established. Utilizing it, combining with Lyapunov method and graph theory, we provide two sufficient criteria to make the drive networks and the corresponding response networks achieve exponential synchronisation which are closely related to the average multi-delay impulsive gain, semi-Markov jump, multi links and stochastic disturbance. Then we apply the theoretical results into a class of stochastic delayed oscillators networks and a numerical example is presented to illustrate the validity of our theoretical results.

Constrained model predictive fault-tolerant control for multi-time-delayed batch processes with disturbances: A Lyapunov-Razumikhin function method

This paper mainly studies the design of iterative learning constrained model predictive fault–tolerant control for batch processes accompanied by multi–delays, interference and actuator failures. Firstly, an equivalent 2D–Roesser model with multi–delays is established. The definition of invariant set is proposed. The sufficient conditions with invariant set characteristics are established. After that the predictive fault-tolerant controller is designed with terminal constraints against external disturbances. In this paper, Lyapunov–Razumikhin Function (LRF) is used to form Lyapunov–Krasovskii Function (LKF) to construct the sufficient condition for the predictive control system that satisfies the terminal constraint condition. Moreover, the system state still remains invariant set characteristics. This method has certain advantages in controller design and calculation. In addition, it has the characteristics of simple design and small computation, and is especially suitable for small delay systems. Finally, a simulation experiment in the nonlinear batch reactor is carried out. Compared with the traditional one-dimensional (1D) method, the presented strategy has better performance through simulation experiment.

An advanced method with convergence analysis for solving space-time fractional partial differential equations with multi delays

This study considers the space-time fractional partial differential equations with multi delays under a unique formulation, proposing a numerical method involving advanced matrix system. This matrix system is made up of the matching polynomial of complete graph together with fractional Caputo and Jumarie derivative types. Also, the derivative types are scrutinized to determine which of them is more proper for the method. Convergence analysis of the method is established via an average value of residual function using double integrals. The obtained solutions are improved with the aid of a residual error estimation. A general computer program module, which contains few steps, is developed. Tables and figures prove the efficiency and simplicity of the method. Eventually, an algorithm is given to illustrate the basis of the method.

Bifurcation Analysis and Impulsive Control of Genetic Regulatory Networks with Multi Delays

In this study, the stability and Hopf bifurcation of a genetic regulatory network with delays are addressed. Some bifurcations may cause network oscillation and induce instability. An impulsive control method is proposed to control the bifurcations. A numerical simulation was performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Independent motion control of a tower crane through wireless sensor and actuator networks

The problem of independent control of the performance variables of a tower crane through a wireless sensor and actuator network is investigated. The complete nonlinear mathematical model of the tower crane is developed. Based on appropriate data driven norms an accurate linear approximant of the system, including an upper bound of the communication delays, is derived. Using this linear approximant, a dynamic measurable output multi delay controller for independent control of the performance outputs of the system is proposed. The controller performs satisfactory despite the nonlinearities of the model and the communication delays of the wireless network.

Instability in Multi Delay Functional Differential Equations of Fourth Order

AbstractA vector functional differential equation of the fourth order with multiple deviating arguments is considered. New sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the instability of the zero solution of the equation to be considered. We give an example to illustrate the subject.

Stability and boundedness in multi delay vector Liénard equation

In this paper, we consider a vector Li´ enard equation with the multiple deviating arguments. Based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach, the asymptotic stability of the zero solution and the boundedness of all solutions are discussed. We give an example to illustrate the theoretical analysis made in this work and to show the effectiveness of the method utilized here.

Multi bit PWMDAC with Multi Delay Inverter

The conventional local PWM-DAC for the ΔΣ D/A converter generates the PWM wave by dividing the clock signal. In this method, the sampling speed is decreased greatly by increasing the resolution. In this paper, we propose a new PWM-DAC with the Multi-Delay inverter. This DAC does not require the dividing clock as the conventional PWM-DAC. As simulation results, we show that the 5-th order ΔΣ D/A converter with the propose DAC achieves the S/N of 130dB at the MOS transistor threshold voltage deviation of 100 mV.

Transfer Matrix Approach to the Triangular Decoupling of General Neutral Multi-Delay Systems

The following major aspects of the problem of Input–Output Triangular Decoupling (TD) for general neutral multi–delay systems, via proportional realizable state feedback, are resolved for the first time: The necessary and sufficient conditions for the problem to have a realizable solution and the general analytical expressions of the proportional realizable TD controller matrices. The conditions and the solution of the controller matrices are computed using a finite step pure algebraic approach.

Ultrasonic receive beamforming apparatus using multi stage delay devices

By using a novel structure of a beamformer which produce data for multiple receive scanlines in a time multiplexed manner, the size of the delay memory is reduced. An ultrasound receive beamforming apparatus for processing signals received from an array of transducers, comprises: a plurality of beamforming devices for applying delays to data samples of M channels. Each of said beamforming devices includes: a predetermined number of per-channel delay elements which provide first delays to the data samples of M channels, to provide delayed data per each channel and per each receive beam, first adders for adding the delayed data of not less than 2 channels provided from the per-channel delay elements, and multi-channel delay elements which provide second delays to the outputs of the first adders.