Multi-constrained Quality Of Service Research Articles

A Fine-Grained Video Traffic Control Mechanism in Software-Defined Networks

We investigate how to provide Quality-of-Service (QoS) for diversified video flows. We design a fine-grained video traffic control mechanism that integrates traffic classification with path selection for video flows within the framework of SDN. For the design, we present a category-theoretic ontology log (olog) diagram model, which provides a novel perspective on the interdependency among various system components. For the video traffic classification, we first evaluate various machine learning classifiers in terms of their performance and then chose the most effective one to be the first module. For the path selection, we devise a multi-constrained QoS routing strategy by restructuring a state-of-the-art graph algorithm, combine it with the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -shortest path algorithm, and deploy this strategy as another video traffic control module. We implemented a prototype of the proposed mechanism on the SDN emulator Mininet, and we evaluate its effectiveness using the performance results obtained.

Improving NSGA-II for Multi-Constrained QoS Routing

With the development of 5G technology, the traffics which need multiple quality of service (QoS) constraints greatly increase. The existing QoS routing algorithms either support a single QoS constraint or support multiple constraints are mixed with fixed weights. The latter is essentially a single-constrained QoS algorithm. Few studies can provide the quality of service guaranteed under the true sense of multiple constraints, by which only one solution can be provided. In this paper, we propose NSGAII-MCR: a multi-constrained QoS routing algorithm based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). In NSGAII-MCR, three representative constraints are selected: delay, bandwidth, and packet loss rate. The validity of the routing is guaranteed by a designed encoding and decoding scheme and a novel individual generation method. Meantime, the original NSGA-II crossover and mutation operators are modified. We further enhance the selection strategy to improve the diversity of solutions and the robustness of NSGAII-MCR. At last, multiple optional routes in the Pareto-optimal front are obtained. The experiment demonstrates that the proposed NSGAII-MCR can achieve high success rate by up to 95%. Compared with the benchmarking methods, NSGAII-MCR can support more constraints and finds more multi-constrained routes.

SDN-Enabled Energy-Efficient Routing Optimization Framework for Industrial Internet of Things

The traditional Internet architecture relies on the best-effort principle, which is not suitable for critical industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications such as healthcare systems with stringent quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. In this article, a software-defined network (SDN) based on an analytical parallel routing framework is proposed by using the massive processing power of a graphics processing unit (GPU) for dynamically optimizing multiconstrained QoS parameters in the IIoT. The framework considers three types of QoS applications for smart healthcare traffic: loss-sensitive, delay-sensitive, and jitter-sensitive. A QoS-enabled routing optimization problem is formulated as a max-flow min-cost problem, while a greedy heuristic that dispatches the path calculation task concurrently to the GPU for calculating optimal forwarding paths considering the QoS requirement of each flow is proposed. The results show that the proposed scheme efficiently utilizes the limited bandwidth cost in terms of energy and bandwidth while satisfying the QoS requirement of each flow with maximizing the network resources for future IIoT traffic flows. Comparative analysis of simulation results with shortest path delay, Lagrangian relaxation-based aggregated cost, and Sway schemes indicate a reduced violation in the service-level agreement by 17%, 19%, and 4%, respectively, by using the AttMpls topology, while it is 48%, 44%, and 7% when the Goodnet topology is used. Moreover, SEQOS is seen to be energy efficient and eight times faster than the benchmark algorithms in large IIoT networks.

Centralized QoS Routing Using Network Calculus for SDN-Based Streaming Media Networks

Streaming media transmission requires strict quality of service (QoS) parameters such as maximum delay and delay jitter. An effective streaming media routing algorithm is a key factor in ensuring QoS. The existing solution only considers a single parameter indicator in the performance parameters such as bandwidth, delay, and utilization of the link, and fails to comprehensively measure the data flow in the network. It is not possible to comprehensively measure the relationship between the business attributes and the QoS parameters. Firstly, the deterministic upper bounds of QoS parameters in streaming media networks are solved by using network calculus theory, and the QoS parameters are normalized, and a multi-constrained QoS resource allocation model is established; the separation of control and forwarding planes is defined by using software-defined networking (SDN) to deploy the multi-constrained QoS resource allocation model in the control plane; the QoS routing system of streaming media network based on the SDN is designed and implemented, including flow table scheduling model, routing function, measurement and forwarding modules. In the routing function module of the SDN controller, a multi-constrained QoS routing algorithm based on network calculus is implemented. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-constrained QoS resource allocation model based on network calculus and the multi-constrained centralized QoS routing algorithm based on the SDN have good performance.

Water wave optimization-based routing protocol for vehicular adhoc networks

It is well known that Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) plays the major role in the field of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) to enhance road safety as well. The entire communication among vehicles is covered in VANETs. Since the number of researches is in progress for the enhancement of VANET model. Usually, the issues arising with this field is the achievement of multi-constrained Quality of Service (QoS) measures. To solve this issue, our paper intends to propose a cost model that considers certain network quality measures like travel, collision, congestion and the awareness about the QoS. Moreover, this paper adopts a renowned algorithm named Water Wave Optimization algorithm (WWO) to find the optimal route. The proposed method analyses its performance over other conventional methods like Lion Algorithm (LA), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and LA with Adaptive Mutation (LAAM) in terms of cost analysis, Convergence analysis and Computational time. Then the analytical results prove the superiority of proposed work in terms of decreased routing cost.

QoS frameworks for Multimedia Traffic in Mobile Adhoc Networks: A Comparative Review

MANETs (Mobile Adhoc Networks) has gained an increased interest by the research community. Regular intelligent exchanges of multimedia will be typical in MANET, though the extended motivation on QoS (Quality of Service). However, various properties of the discussed QoS framework are provisioned for QoS as a challenging concern. Providing QoS provisioning is, to a great degree, challenging in MANETs in view of bouncing correspondences, center point movability and nonattendance of central coordination. Thus, most of the research has focused on giving QoS guarantees in MANETs coordinating traditions. Though huge numbers of QoS coordinating procedures have been proposed in composing, focusing on different QoS estimations yet none of the prescribed or discussed frameworks achieves a universal course of action. There exist several genuine necessary research areas of focus such as QoS metric assurance and cost limit layout, source level scheduling framework and QoS coordinating. In this paper, working and connecting of various QoS frameworks for MANETs is investigated throughout several veritable focus areas of research. After a comparative review, it is concluded that there is still a good scope of research for proposing a QoS framework for MANETs which could have cross-layer advantages, resource reservation, connection admission control, multi-constrained QoS parameters, hard QoS assurance, proactive routing advantages etc.

Multi‐constrained QoS routing based on PSO for named data networking

Named data networking (NDN) is a representation and implementation of an information centric network, which is considered as one of the next generation of network architectures. To the best of the authors' knowledge, very few studies have considered multiple constrained quality-of-service (QoS) routing in NDN. In this study, a particle swarm optimisation-forwarding information base (PSO-FIB) algorithm that uses the forwarding experiences of particles to maintain the forwarding probability of each entry in the FIB is proposed. Illustrating the interaction of PSO-FIB with the routing layer, the simulation results show that PSO-FIB can support multi-constrained QoS routing and achieve better performance in terms of successful delivery rate and average cost compared with random and ant colony optimisation strategies.

Multi-Constrained QoS Opportunistic Routing by Optimal Power Tuning in Low Duty-Cycle WSNs

Designing a multi-constrained QoS (Quality of service) communication protocol for mission-critical applications that seeks a path connecting source node and destination node that satisfies multiple QoS constrains such as energy cost, delay, and reliability imposes a great challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In such challenging dynamic environment, traditional routing and layered infrastructure are inefficient and sometimes even infeasible. In recent research works, the opportunistic routing paradigm which delays the forwarding decision until reception of packets in forwarders by utilizing the broadcast nature of the wireless medium has been exploited to overcome the limitations of traditional routing. However, to guarantee the balance between the energy, delay and reliability requires the refinement of opportunistic routing through interaction between underlying layers known as cross-layer opportunistic routing. Indeed, these schemes fail to achieve optimal performance and hence require a new method to facilitate the adoption of the routing protocol to the dynamic challenging environments. In this paper, we propose a universal cross-layered opportunistic based communication protocol for WSNs for guaranteeing the user set constraints on multi-constrained QoS in low-duty-cycle WSN. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed work, Multi-Constrained QoS Opportunistic routing by optimal Power Tuning (MOR-PT) effectively achieves the feasible QoS trade-off constraints set by user by jointly considering the power control and selection diversity over established algorithms like DSF [1] and DTPC [2].

Energy efficient multiconstrained optimization using hybrid ACO and GA in MANET routing

Nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) suffer from limited battery power and bandwidth. Particularly for real time multimedia communications through MANET, metrics like residual node energy, bandwidth, and end-to-end delay have major impacts. In MANET, designing a dynamic routing algorithm to satisfy quality of service (QoS) requirements is a challenging task. Additionally, multiconstrained QoS routing aims to optimize multiple QoS metrics while providing required network resources and is an admittedly complex problem. It has been proved to be NP-complete when a combination of additive, concave, and multiplicative metrics are considered. Hence, this problem can be solved using metaheuristic methods like ant colony optimization (ACO) and the genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed energy-efficient ACO GA hybrid metaheuristic approach aims to utilize the benefits of both as a combined approach in order to reduce the routing complexities in the dynamic environment. After due investigation, it has been shown that the proposed hybrid approach improves the performance of MANET routing with satisfied QoS requirements.

Situation-Aware QoS Routing Algorithm for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

A wide range of services has been developed for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), ranging from safety to infotainment applications. An essential requirement for such services is that they are offered with quality of service (QoS) guarantees in terms of service reliability and availability. Searching for feasible routes subject to multiple QoS constraints is, in general, an NP-hard problem. Moreover, routing reliability needs to be paid special attention as communication links frequently break in VANETs. In this paper, we propose employing the situational awareness (SA) concept and an ant colony system (ACS)-based algorithm to develop a situation-aware multiconstrained QoS (SAMQ) routing algorithm for VANETs. SAMQ aims to compute feasible routes between the communicating vehicles subject to multiple QoS constraints and pick the best computed route, if such a route exists. To mitigate the risks inherited from selecting the best computed route that may turn out to fail at any moment, SAMQ utilizes the SA levels and ACS mechanisms to prepare certain countermeasures with the aim of assuring a reliable data transmission. Simulation results demonstrate that SAMQ is capable of achieving a reliable data transmission, as compared with the existing QoS routing algorithms, even when the network topology is highly dynamic.

A Multi-Constrained Routing Algorithm for Software Defined Network Based on Nonlinear Annealing

Multi-constrained Quality of Service (QoS) routing algorithm is always a difficult problem in routing research area, which is a NP problem. Software Defined Network (SDN) is a new network architecture, in which there’s few research on QoS routing. This paper generates the whole network virtual topology according to the characteristics of SDN, and based on the principle of simulated annealing, proposes a nonlinear annealing algorithm, which adapts to the SDN. Firstly we simplify the network topology by Dijkstra-like algorithm, and then introduce the nonlinear energy function, and then iterate the initial solution according to the simulated temperature, until find a feasible path from the source node to the destination node which satisfies the condition. Experimental results show that this algorithm has a higher success rate, better expansibility of network size, and better transplantation for the SDN than traditional QoS routing algorithm

A Multiconstrained QoS Aware MAC Protocol for Cluster-Based Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

Traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) work over the unlicensed spectrum, and as the spectrum becomes increasingly crowded, they suffer from uncontrolled interference. Recently, cognitive radio based sensor networks (CRSNs) have been envisioned as a promising type of implementation that provides quality-of-service (QoS) features for data transmissions. However, key challenges remain in designing energy-efficient medium access control techniques that can achieve QoS. In this paper, we have developed a multiconstrained QoS aware MAC protocol, MQ-MAC, for a cluster based CRSN. In MQ-MAC, a data channel and a backup channel are assigned to a secondary user by the respective cluster head by using dynamic channel priorities. The user device can switch to the backup channel when a primary user appears to be operating over the data channel. Member nodes of a cluster are also prioritized with respect to the urgency of their generated data packets. Performance evaluations, carried out in NS-3 simulator, show that the proposed MQ-MAC protocol offers better performance than existing MAC protocols for CRSN.

An intelligent multipath optimized link state routing protocol for QoS and QoE enhancement of video transmission in MANETs

The instability and limited resources in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) make the video transmission over such networks a challenging task. Transmission of video streams through multipath routing protocols in MANETs can enhance the quality of video transmission. To this end, we propose an extension of MP-OLSR (multipath optimized link state routing protocol), named FQ-MP-OLSR (fuzzy based quality of service MP-OLSR), which integrates two fuzzy systems. The first receives as inputs three quality of service (QoS) links metrics: delay, throughput and signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and returns as output multi-constrained QoS metric used to find the best paths. The second fuzzy system is applied to adapt cost functions used to penalize paths previously computed by Dijkstra's algorithm. To schedule multimedia traffic among heterogeneous multiple paths, FQ-MP-OLSR integrates also the weighted round-robin (WRR) scheduling algorithm, where the path weights, needed for scheduling, are computed using the multi-constrained QoS metric provided by the first fuzzy system. These mechanisms allow FQ-MP-OLSR to improve video QoS and QoE (quality of experiment), against the MP-OLSR that uses classical mechanisms such as hop count as single routing metric, cost functions without adaptation and round-robin (RR) as scheduling algorithm. Implementation and simulation experiments with Network Simulator NS2 are presented in order to validate our proposed approach. The results show that FQ-MP-OLSR achieves a significant improvement of the video streaming quality in term of QoS and QoE.

Thermal-Aware Multiconstrained Intrabody QoS Routing for Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) can be formed including implanted biosensors for health monitoring and diagnostic purposes. However, implanted biosensors could cause thermal damages on human tissue as it exhibits temperature rise due to wireless communication and processing tasks inside the human body. Again, Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning with multiconstraints (delay and reliability) is a striking requirement for diverse application types in WBANs to meet their objectives. This paper proposes TMQoS, a thermal-aware multiconstrained intrabody QoS routing protocol for WBANs, with the aim of ensuring the desired multiconstrained QoS demands of diverse applications along with keeping the temperature of the nodes to an acceptable level preventing thermal damages. We develop a cross-layer proactive routing framework that constructs an ongoing routing table which includes multiple shortest-path routes to address diverse QoS requirements. To avoid the packets to traverse through heated areas known as hotspot, we devise a hotspot avoidance mechanism. The route selection algorithm of TMQoS selects forwarder(s) based on the intended QoS demands of diverse traffic classes. The performance of TMQoS has been evaluated through simulation which demonstrates that the protocol achieves desired QoS demands while maintaining low temperature in the network compared to the state-of-the-art thermal-aware approaches.

Improved ant colony-based multi-constrained QoS energy-saving routing and throughput optimization in wireless Ad-hoc networks

In order to establish a route supporting multi-constrained quality of service (QoS), increase network throughput and reduce network energy consumption, an improved ant colony-based multi-constrained QoS energy-saving routing algorithm (IAMQER) is proposed. The ant colony algorithm, as one of the available heuristic algorithms, is used to find the optimal route from source node to destination node. The proposed IAMQER algorithm, which is based on the analysis of local node information such as node queue length, node forwarding number of data packets and node residual energy, balances the relationship between the network throughput and the energy consumption, thus improving the performance of network in multi-constrained QoS routing. Simulation results show that this IAMQER algorithm can find the QoS route that reduce average energy consumption and improves network packet delivery ratio under the end-to-end delay and packet loss ratio constraints.

McMAC: towards a MAC protocol with multi-constrained QoS provisioning for diverse traffic in Wireless Body Area Networks.

The emergence of heterogeneous applications with diverse requirements for resource-constrained Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) poses significant challenges for provisioning Quality of Service (QoS) with multi-constraints (delay and reliability) while preserving energy efficiency. To address such challenges, this paper proposes McMAC, a MAC protocol with multi-constrained QoS provisioning for diverse traffic classes in WBANs. McMAC classifies traffic based on their multi-constrained QoS demands and introduces a novel superframe structure based on the “transmit-whenever-appropriate” principle, which allows diverse periods for diverse traffic classes according to their respective QoS requirements. Furthermore, a novel emergency packet handling mechanism is proposed to ensure packet delivery with the least possible delay and the highest reliability. McMAC is also modeled analytically, and extensive simulations were performed to evaluate its performance. The results reveal that McMAC achieves the desired delay and reliability guarantee according to the requirements of a particular traffic class while achieving energy efficiency.

Multi-constrained QoS routing protocol based on clustering for wireless Mesh network

The rapid growth of multimedia applications makes it important and significant to provide Quality of Service(QoS) guarantee for Wireless Mesh Network(WMN).Combined with the characteristics of WMN,a computing method of routing metrics was designed,and then a clustering-based multi-constrained QoS routing(CMQR) was proposed.The intra-cluster route was computed parallel by root node and was connected by gateway-links,which reduced routing calculation and improved scalability of the protocol.The simulation results show that CMQR protocol can effectively reduce route establishing time and routing overload,but the packet delivery ratio remains high.

A novel and effective multi-constrained QoS routing scheme in WMNs

Multi-constrained quality of service (QoS) routing aims at finding an optimal path that satisfies a set of QoS parameters, as an NP complete problem, which is also a big challenge for wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Heuristic algorithms with polynomial and pseudo-polynomial-time complexities are often used to deal with this problem. However, existing solutions, most of which suffered either from excessive computational complexities or from low performance, were proposed only for wired networks and cannot be used directly in wireless mesh networks. In this paper, we propose a novel routing scheme based on mean field annealing (MFA-RS) to solve this problem. MFA-RS first uses a function of two QoS parameters, wireless link’s delay and transmission success rate as the cost function, and then seeks to find a feasible path by MFA. Because MFA-RS uses a set of deterministic equations to replace the stochastic process in simulated annealing (SA) and uses saddle point approximation in the calculation of the stationary probability distribution at equilibrium, the convergence time is much less than the routing scheme based on SA (SA-RS). Simulation results demonstrate that MFA-RS is an effective algorithm and is very fit for WMNs.

Energy-aware QoS provisioning for wireless sensor networks: Analysis and protocol

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are envisioned to facilitate information gathering for various applications and depending on the application types they may require certain quality of service (QoS) guarantee for successful and guaranteed event perception. Therefore, QoS in WSNs is an important issue and two most important parameters that hinder the goal of guaranteed event perception are time-sensitive and reliable delivery of gathered information, while a minimum energy consumption is desired. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware, multi-constrained and multi-path QoS provisioning mechanism for WSNs based on optimization approach. Hence, a detailed analytical analysis of reliability, delay and energy consumption is presented to formulate the optimization problem in an analytical way. A greedy algorithm is proposed to achieve the desired QoS guarantee while keeping the energy consumption minimum. Also, a simple but efficient retransmission mechanism is proposed to enhance the reliability further, while keeping the delay within delay bound. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme.

DESIGN OF FUZZY BASED MULTI-CONSTRAINED ROUTING PROTOCOL AND THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

Single-constrained QoS routing protocols have inherent defects when applied into wireless ad hoc networks. Due to a single constraint parameter is only considered, they can't always cope with the problems caused by the uncertainty of ad hoc networks well. They are not robust enough. In order to overcome the drawbacks of single-constrained QoS routing protocols and improve the Quality of Service (QoS) of ad hoc networks, this paper proposed a multi-constrained QoS routing protocol based on fuzzy logic. It is developed from Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). The proposed protocol is service-aware in the sense that it considers the QoS required by different types of services and takes different network state parameters as the constraint conditions for fuzzy based routing system. New route discovery procedure and novel route maintenance mechanism are designed to support corresponding QoS requirements. Speed of packets sending is also adjusted adaptively referring to the outputs of the proposed fuzzy system. Performance of the fuzzy based DSR protocol is measured and evaluated under different conditions. Simulation results show that the improved protocol has better QoS guarantee capabilities compared to single-constrained QoS routing protocols for large-scale networks in terms of lower delay, smoother delay variation and lower packet loss rate.