Multicomponent Nanocomposites Research Articles

Growth of Ni loaded CdS in nanorods structure for photocatalytic and dye degradation applications under solar irradiation

Due to the exponential increase in global energy consumption and the degradation of environmental conditions caused by fossil fuels, it is critical to improve inexhaustible and sustainable resources. Generally, solar energy is one of the clean and environmentally agreeable energy sources. By harvesting solar energy for photocatalysis and considering it as a promising solution for various energy generation applications such as hydrogen production. Herein we are using Cadmium Sulphide and Nickel-doped Cadmium Sulphide in 0.5, 1 and 5 weight percent which act as photocatalyst for water splitting which will eventually produce an enormous amount of Hydrogen (H2). Cadmium sulphide was prepared through the chemical precipitation method and Ni-CdS by hydrothermal technique. The purity and phase formation were examined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and validated via Rietveld refinement by using Full Prof software. The surface morphology and the structure of as-synthesized material were evaluated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) spectroscopic techniques. Following the results, the Ni-CdS nanocomposite having 1.0 wt% of Ni exhibits the highest H2 evolution rate of 9 mmolg−1 in 5 h with strong photo-stability, which is about 50 times higher than that of CdS. The material was tested to degrade organic dye for its photocatalytic operations. The newly prepared composite materials (CdS-Ni-NiO) were used for the photocatalytic degradation of the methylene blue (MB) dye. Ni(1.0 wt%)-CdS shows an optimal degradation percentage of 95.436 in the presence of artificial solar light in 90 min. Crystal growth mechanism shows the spherical structure of CdS agglomerate to form nanorods structure when doped with Ni metal which is also verified by the TEM images of CdS and Ni-doped CdS. The XPS peaks observed at 854.88 eV and 861.07 eV for Ni2+ with an energy separation of 6.18 eV confirmed the existence of NiO with Ni/CdS. The Raman bands of pure CdS and Ni (1.0 wt%)-CdS nanorods were observed at 300 cm-1 and 293 cm−1 for 1LO phonon and 601 cm−1 and 586 cm−1 for 2LO phonon corresponds. The Ni tuned the CdS band gap from 2.36 to 2.20 eV. The results pave the way for designing multi-component CdS-Ni nano-composites for highly efficient H2 evolution and other environmental applications.

Multicomponent metal nanoparticles supported on nickel foam for efficient catalytic decomposition of vaporized hydrogen peroxide

Residual high-concentration vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) after disinfection poses a significant threat to human health and the disinfection space. The considerable concerns make it necessary to develop efficient catalysts for VHP decomposition. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) porous Ni foam (NF)-based multicomponent nanocomposites were fabricated via a facile in-situ hydrothermal method. The effect of the composition and content of elements on the catalytic decomposition of VHP was studied. The AlCrFePt0.64/NF catalyst exhibits the best catalytic performance among all catalysts and requires only 59 min to reduce the VHP concentration from 250 ppm to 1 ppm. Furthermore, the AlCrFePt0.64/NF shows superior stability and no obvious change in VHP decomposition performance after ten recycling tests. The decomposition of VHP follows a pseudo-first-order kinetics rate law. The catalytic decomposition mechanism of VHP proceeds through O-O splitting and consecutive H-transfer reactions. The enhanced catalytic activity of the AlCrFePt0.64/NF is ascribed to the synergetic effect of noble-metal Pt and transition metals, which leads to the presence of initially larger amounts of surface O* and HO* species, and lower activation energy of the O-O bond splitting.

Inorganic Metal Oxides and Multi-Component Nanocomposites Based Photocatalysts for the Superior Degradation of Pollutants from Water

Water is a primary and essential source of every living organism and it is a most precious gift of Mother Nature which helps every living creature to survive. However, this water is highly polluted now-a-days by various unethical activities by human beings. Many industrial units like textile mills, pharmaceutical units, mines, paper mills, dyeing units, sugar industries, leather purifying units, electroplating plants, fine chemical units, oil refineries, etc. produce huge amount waste products in the form of toxic chemicals and pollutants every day and enter the water bodies without proper treatment. Various techniques are available to purify the polluted water by eliminating the toxicity of pollutants; some of them are reverse osmosis, electrode ionization, ion exchange, submicron filtrations, etc. Among all these water treatment procedures, photocatalysis is found to be most versatile, low cost and environmentally benign technique. In this review, a prime focus is given on the performance of different photocatalysts based on ZnO, CuO, NiO, SnO2, MgO, multicomponent metal oxides and composites in degrading and removing unwanted impurities present in polluted water. The importance of using metal oxide based photocatalyts in treating the polluted water is also discussed.

Interface and magnetic-dielectric synergy strategy to develop Fe3O4-Fe2CO3/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide mixed-dimensional multicomponent nanocomposites for microwave absorption

Interfacial and/or magnetic-dielectric synergistic effects are important avenues to boost microwave absorption properties. In order to simultaneously utilize these effects, we elaborately designed mixed-dimensional Fe3O4-FeCO3/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) multicomponent nanocomposites (MCNCs) in large scale via a facile process of hydrothermal and freeze-drying. The microstructural investigation revealed that two-dimensional RGO, one-dimensional MWCNTs and zero-dimensional Fe3O4-FeCO3 nanoparticles were well bounded to generate the typical mixed-dimensional structure. By controlling the amounts of initial reactants, the Fe3O4-FeCO3/MWCNTs/RGO MCNCs displayed improved impedance matching features, polarization and conduction loss abilities, which lead to the evidently improved electromagnetic absorption properties. The Fe3O4-FeCO3/MWCNTs/RGO MCNCs simultaneously exhibited excellent absorption ability, large absorption bandwidth, low density and thin matching thickness. Generally, this work not only proposed an effective route to make the best of magnetic-dielectric synergy and interfacial strategy for exploiting novel microwave absorption materials, but also presented a simple approach to synthesize magnetic MWCNTs/RGO-based mixed-dimensional MCNCs.

Interface engineering and impedance matching strategy to develop core@shell urchin-like NiO/Ni@carbon nanotubes nanocomposites for microwave absorption

It is well recognized that interfacial effect and/or impedance matching play a great impact on microwave absorption. Herein, we proposed a facile strategy to take full advantage of interface engineering and impedance matching for boosting microwave absorption performance (MAPs). Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical urchin-like core@shell structured NiO/Ni@CNTs multicomponent nanocomposites (MCNCs) were elaborately constructed and produced in high efficiency through a facile continuous chemical bath deposition, thermal treatment, and catalytic chemical vapor decomposition process. By controlling the pyrolysis time, the NiO/Ni@CNTs urchin-like MCNCs with different lengths and aggregation degrees of CNTs could be selectively synthesized. The obtained results revealed that the enhanced CNT contents provided abundant interfaces and effectively aggrandized their interfacial effects, which resulted in improved polarization loss, conductivity loss, and comprehensive MAPs. Impressively, the interfaces and impedance matching in the designed NiO/Ni@CNTs urchin-like MCNCs could be optimized by regulating the pyrolysis temperature, which further improved the comprehensive MAPs. And the designed NiO/Ni@CNTs urchin-like MCNCs could simultaneously display strong absorption capabilities, broad absorption bandwidths, and thin matching thicknesses. Therefore, our findings not only provided a simple and universal approach to produce core@shell structured magnetic carbon-based urchin-like MCNCs but also presented an interface engineering and impedance matching strategy to develop the tunable, strong absorption, broadband, lightweight high-efficiency microwave absorbers.

Synthesis of ternary nanocomposite of carbon nanotubes/silver ferrite/polyaniline for oxidative elimination of azo dyes

Multicomponent nanocomposites are synthesized to produce novel nanocomposites with distinctive features. Here, a ternary nanocomposite comprising carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silver ferrite nanoparticles (AgFeO2 NPs), and polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized through two main processes. Hydrothermal synthesis of AgFeO2 NPs on CNTs that have undergone oxidation to produce a binary CNTs/AgFeO2 nanocomposite followed by aniline polymerization on the surface of the binary nanocomposite. The composition of CNTs/AgFeO2/PANI nanocomposite was confirmed by several technologies, including XRD, SEM, FTIR, TEM, and EDX. VSM also revealed its magnetic behavior. The triple nanocomposite displayed notable degradation rates of numerous azo dyes with H2O2, including orange G (OG), trypan blue (TB), and acid blue 92 (AB92). The influence of multiple variables (nanocomposite dosage, H2O2 and AB92 concentrations, pH, and temperature) on the oxidative degradation of AB92 was studied. The catalyst after magnetic separation remained stable and reusable even after five cycles. Furthermore, the CNTs/AgFeO2/PANI catalyst has demonstrated superior degradation ability of all three azo dyes when combined into a single solution, making it an effective catalyst for the disposal of hazardous dyes from contaminated water.

Spongy ternary nano-composites with optimized impedance matching and synergistic effect for broadband and strong microwave absorption

To counter the negative effects of electromagnetic radiation on the immunity of precision instruments, the stealthiness of military equipment, and human health, the preparation of porous multi-component nano-composites is considered an effective strategy to obtain efficient microwave absorption. In this work, the spongy ternary nano-composites (STC) with large specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume obtained by adjusting the calcination temperature, the porous effectively improves the impedance matching. The ternary composition of FeCo/Fe0.45Ni0.55/C, large SSA and pore volume provide abundant specific surface/interface for polarization and magnetization, the continuous conductive network is established, the strong dielectric and magnetic loss achieve a synergistic effect, realizing strong absorption in the low-frequency, greatly reducing the minimum reflection loss (RLmin, −56.37 dB) and broadening the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, 7.45 GHz). The microwave absorption mechanism has been analyzed in detail and its great potential for practical applications has been verified by RCS signal simulations. This research provides an effective method for fabricating high-performance ternary nano-composite microwave absorbers.

Constructing flower-like core@shell structured CoFe@MoO2/MoS2 magnetic nanocomposites for strong wideband microwave absorption

Magnetic-dielectric nanocomposites with excellent synergetic effect were deemed as the ideal candidates for high-performance microwave absorbers (MAs). Herein, we adopted a simple hydrothermal route and hydrogenous reduction to synthesize magnetic-dielectric CoFe@MoO2/MoS2 flower-like multicomponent nanocomposites (MCNCs). By controlling the different reduction temperature and time, the content of component (i.e., CoFe, MoO2 and MoS2) can be easily tuned, which is conducive to adjust electromagnetic parameter and optimize magnetic loss. Results demonstrated that the CoFe@MoO2/MoS2 flower-like MCNCs could be easily regulated by simply changing the content of CoFe in favor of improved magnetic loss and optimized impedance matching. So, the prepared magnetic-dielectric CoFe@MoO2/MoS2 flower-like MCNCs presented the minimum reflection loss of −55.91 dB and the widest effective bandwidth of 7.24 GHz. The strategies for adjusting rich interfaces and optimized magnetic loss are very instructive for the development of high-performance MAs and devices.

Core@shell CoNi2S4/Co9S8@SiO2@MoS2 flower-like multicomponent nanocomposites: An effective strategy to aggrandize interfacial polarization for microwave absorption

Interfacial polarization had a great impact on the attenuation of electromagnetic wave. To aggrandize interfacial polarization, a strategy of constructing the abundant interfaces was proposed and investigated. Herein, CoNi nanospheres, CoNi@SiO2 nanospheres and core@shell CoNi2S4/Co9S8@SiO2@MoS2 flower-like multicomponent nanocomposites (MCNCs) were elaborately designed and successfully fabricated through a simple continuous hydrothermal process, classical Stöber method and hydrothermal treatment. The obtained results demonstrated that the elaborately constructed abundant interfaces greatly boosted the polarization loss ability, which resulted in the enhanced interfacial polarization. Therefore, the as-prepared CoNi2S4/Co9S8@SiO2@MoS2 flower-like MCNCs presented the superior electromagnetic wave absorption properties (EMWAPs) compared to the CoNi and CoNi@SiO2 precursors. Furthermore, the EMWAPs of CoNi2S4/Co9S8@SiO2@MoS2 flower-like MCNCs could also be further improved by optimizing the hydrothermal temperature and filler loading. The obtained CoNi2S4/Co9S8@SiO2@MoS2 flower-like MCNCs presented the excellent comprehensive EMWAPs including strong absorption capability, broad absorption bandwidth and thin matching thickness, which could be attributed to the unique structure, excellent interfacial polarization and synergistic effect. Therefore, this finding not only demonstrated that introducing the abundant interfaces was an effective strategy to strengthen interfacial polarization for the promotion of EMWAPs, but also provided an alternative approach to exploit the novel high-efficiency microwave absorbers.

H2O2 scavenging and biocompatibility assessment of biosynthesized cellulose/Fe3O4 nanocomposite showed superior antioxidant properties with increasing concentration

Cellulose-based multi-component nanocomposites and biomaterials have some unique properties that give rise to construction in various fields. Recently many studies focused on green technology, which avoids toxic chemicals to make the environment sustainable. The hot-plate combustion method (HPCM) provides a green synthesis that can be used to achieve this goal. Present work deals with the synthesis of cellulose/Fe3O4 nanocomposite (1:1 ratio) via the co-precipitation method and analyzes the biocompatibility and photocatalytic activity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the formation of cellulose II phase for cellulose and cubic crystalline phase of Fe3O4 particles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that the synergy of carbohydrates and proteins is responsible for the fabrication of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and confirms the formation of cellulose/Fe3O4 nanocomposite by the green method. Field emission scanning microscopy (SEM) images revealed two different shapes of cellulose/Fe3O4 nanocomposites including rods and spherical shapes of nanomaterials with particle sizes observed between 20 and 30 nm. The bandgap of cellulose/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was achieved to 2.79 eV, which depicted the best active antibacterial and photocatalyst. The cellulose/Fe3O4 nanocomposite exhibited strong antibacterial as well as antioxidant activity compared with Fe3O4 nanoparticles, towards with maximum of (17.3 ± 0.5 mm) at 2.5 µg/mL against Escherichia coli (MTCC 443) and minimum zone of inhibition of (9.6 ± 1.1 mm) on Staphylococcus aureus (MTTC 3615) at 0.5 µg/mL, respectively. The breakdown of an aqueous medium of methyl orange (MO) dye by the cellulose/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was investigated under visible light irradiation and a higher degradation efficiency of 96.25% was attained at 120 min. The synthesized cellulose/Fe3O4 nanocomposite showed a positive response for photocatalytic and antibacterial activity.

Prussian blue analogues derive yolk-shell structured magnetic carbon-based multicomponent nanocomposites toward excellent microwave absorption with tunable chemical composition

It is well recognized that making best of interfacial engineering and magnetic-dielectric synergistic effect is an effective strategy to improve microwave absorption. Herein, a series of cube-like yolk-shell structured magnetic carbon-based multicomponent nanocomposites (MCNCs) including CoNi@void@C, FeNi@void@C and FeCo@void@C could be selectively and successfully produced in large scale through a simple continuous process of co-precipitation, polymerization and thermal treatment, respectively. The obtained results indicated that the as-prepared cube-like yolk-shell structured magnetic MCNCs were composed of black magnetic nanoparticles acting as core, void spaces as intermediate layer and thin obscure carbon layer serving as shell. Owing to the excellent impedance matching and electromagnetic wave loss characteristics, the obtained CoNi@void@C, FeNi@void@C and FeCo@void@C MCNCs displayed the outstanding comprehensive electromagnetic wave absorption performances including strong absorption capabilities, broad absorption bandwidths and thin matching thicknesses. Especially, the obtained FeCo@void@C presented a minimum reflection loss of −54.32 dB with a matching thickness of 1.90 mm, and the effective bandwidth can reach 5.60 GHz with a matching thickness of 1.96 mm. Therefore, our findings not only provided a universal and alternative approach to produce yolk-shell structured magnetic carbon-based MCNCs, but also presented an effective pathway to take full advantage of interfacial and magnetic-dielectric synergistic effects to develop the tunable, broadband, strong absorption, lightweight high-efficiency microwave absorbers.

Electrochemical assembly of single-walled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole/tellurium/lead telluride multi-layer nanocomposite films for room-temperature flexible thermoelectric application

With the complexity and diversification of thermoelectric (TE) application scenarios, it becomes increasingly difficult for single-component thermoelectric materials to satisfy practical demands. Therefore, recent researches have largely focused on the development of the multi-component nanocomposites, which are probably a good solution for the TE application of some materials that are not eligible when used alone. In this work, a seires of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/polypyrrole (PPy)/tellurium (Te)/lead telluride (PbTe) multi-layer flexible composite films were fabricated via the successive electrodeposition of the flexible PPy layer with a low thermal conductivity, the ultra-thin Te induction layer, and the brittle PbTe layer with a large Seebeck coefficient over the pre-fabricated SWCNT membrane electrode with a high electrical conductivity. Through the complementary advantages between different components and the multiple synergies of the interface engineering, the SWCNT/PPy/Te/PbTe composites harvested the excellent TE performance with a maximum power factor (PF) of 929.8 ± 35.4 µW m−1 K−2 at room temperature, outperforming those of most of the electrochemically-prepared organic/inorganic TE composites reported previously. This work evidenced that the electrochemical multi-layer assembly is a feasible tactic for constructing special thermoelectric materials to meet customized requirements, which could also be applied to other material platforms.

Multicomponent metal-organic framework nanocomposites for tumor-responsive synergistic therapy

Targeted tumor therapy through tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanoplatforms is an emerging treatment strategy used to enhance tumor-specificity to selectively kill cancer cells. Here, we introduce a nanosized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) that simultaneously contains natural glucose oxidase (GOx) and Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) to construct multi-component metal-organic framework nanocomposites (denoted as ZIF@GOx@PBNPs), which possess cascade catalytic activity selectively within the TME. Once reaching a tumor site, GOx and PBNPs inside the nanocomposites are sequentially released and participate in the cascade catalytic reaction. In weak acidic TME, GOx, which effectively catalyzes the oxidation of intratumoral glucose to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid, not only initiates starvation therapy by cutting off the nutrition source for cancer cells but also produces the reactant for sequential Fenton reaction for chemodynamic therapy. Meanwhile, PBNPs, which are released from the ZIF-8 framework dissociated by acidified pH due to the produced gluconic acid, convert the generated H2O2 into harmful radicals to melanomas. In this way, the cascade catalytic reactions of ZIF@GOx@PBNPs enhance reactive oxygen species production and cause oxidative damage to DNA in cancer cells, resulting in remarkable inhibition of tumor growth. The tumor specificity is endowed by using the biomolecules overexpressed in TME as a “switch” to initiate the first catalytic reaction by GOx. Given the significant antitumor efficiency both in vitro and in vivo, ZIF@GOx@PBNPs could be applied as a promising therapeutic platform enabling starvation/chemodynamic synergism, high therapeutic efficiency, and minimal side effects.

MOF-derived flower-like ZnCo2O4/ZnO nanoarchitecture as a high-performance battery-type redox-active electrode material for hybrid supercapacitor applications

Implementing a facile and efficient strategy to fabricate the multi-component metal oxide nanocomposites as the high-efficient electroactive electrode materials have gathered the limelight for effective energy storage applications. However, the reasonable design and development of such materials is still a significant challenge to meet the energy storage capability. Herein, we report a bottom-up strategy to fabricate a flower-like ZnCo2O4/ZnO (ZCO/ZnO) nanoarchitecture via thermal decomposition of a metal-organic framework (MOF). The unique flower-like ZCO/ZnO nanoarchitecture provides a fruitful channel for rapid electron and ion transportation and offers abundant electroactive sites for the battery-type Faradaic charge storage process. Interestingly, the multi-component ZCO/ZnO electrode reveals a specific capacitance of (Csp) of 803 F g−1 at a specific current of 1 A g−1 as compared to its counterparts (ZCO and ZnO). Even at a high specific current of 20 A g−1, a superior Csp of 538 F g−1 can be achieved, signifying the high-rate performance of the ZCO/ZnO electrode. In addition, the hybrid supercapacitor of ZCO/ZnO//AC depicts the Csp of 161 F g−1 at a specific current of 1 A g−1. It delivers a high specific energy of 50.41 Wh kg−1 at a specific power of 710.49 W kg−1, with excellent cyclic retention of around 91.04% over 10,000 cycles. Hence, this strategy could enlighten a pathway to fabricate promising electrode materials for high-performance electrochemical energy devices.

Modeling and Optimization of the Creep Behavior of Multicomponent Copolymer Nanocomposites.

Polymer creep can significantly reduce the safety and dependability of composite applications, restricting their development and use in additional fields. In this study, single-factor and multi-factor analysis techniques were employed to systematically explore the impacts of nickel powder and graphene on the resistive creep of sensing units. The creep model between the rate of resistance changes and the pressure was established, and the material ratio was optimized to obtain a high creep resistance. The results demonstrated that the creep resistance was best when the filling particle was 10 wt.% and the ratio of nickel powder to graphene was 4:21, which was approximately 60% and 45% lower than the filling alone and the composite filling before optimization, respectively; the R2 of the theoretical value of the resistance creep model and the experimental value of the creep before and after optimization was 0.9736 and 0.9812, indicating that the resistance creep model was highly accurate. Consequently, the addition of filler particles with acceptable proportions, varied shapes, and different characteristics to polymers can effectively reduce polymer creep and has significant potential for the manufacture of sensing units for tactile sensors.

From core@shell ZnSe/FeSe2@MoSe2 to core@shell@shell magnetic ZnFe2O4@C@MoSe2 flower-like nanocomposites: An effective strategy to boost microwave absorption performance of MoSe2-based nanocomposites

The selenylation/sulfuration of magnetic precursor brings about the great challenges to construct magnetic transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)-based multicomponent nanocomposites (MCNCs), which greatly hinders the improvements in magnetic loss ability and impedance matching characteristic. Theoretically speaking, the addition of carbon layer is conducive to protect the magnetic nanoparticles, optimize the impedance matching, strengthen the interfacial polarization and magnetic loss abilities, and so on. In order to verify these ideas, herein, we elaborately designed and produced core@shell ZnSe/FeSe2@MoSe2 and core@shell@shell ZnFe2O4@C@MoSe2 flower-like MCNCs. The results of comparative study indicated that the as-prepared ZnSe/FeSe2@MoSe2 and ZnFe2O4@C@MoSe2 with the different MoSe2 contents and flower-like geometrical morphologies could be synthesized by regulating the amounts of Mo and Se sources. And the introduction of carbon layer not only effectively inhibited the selenylation of ZnFe2O4 precursor, but also greatly improved the impedance matching characteristic, dielectric and magnetic loss capabilities. The obtained ZnFe2O4@C@MoSe2 MCNCs presented the excellent comprehensive microwave absorption properties (MAPs) including strong absorption capability, broad frequency bandwidth and thin matching thickness. Therefore, our findings not only presented a simple and viable route to produce magnetic TMDs-based MCNCs, but also provided an effective strategy to boost their comprehensive MAPs.

Gold Nanoparticle (Au NP)-Decorated Ionic Liquid (IL) Based Liposome: A Stable, Biocompatible, and Conductive Biomimetic Platform for the Fabrication of an Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor

A novel liposomal nanocomposite with biocompatibility and conductivity, Au@ILs-polysome, was fabricated and first utilized as the electrode material to immobilize the redox enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD) for the sensitive determination of glucose. Ionic liquids (ILs)-based polysome (ILs-polysome) was prepared via the radical polymerization of ILs based liposome (ILs-liposome) and improved by ion exchange with chloroauric acid to prepare Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) modified ILs based polysome (Au@ILs-polysome). The morphology, surface properties, and structure of Au@ILs-polysome were characterized; the results suggest that the nanocomposite exhibited excellent stability on the surface of solid electrodes without fusion. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated that the nanocomposite had enhanced conductivity. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) shows that the direct electron transfer of GOD was achieved on the GOD/Au@ILs-polysome/GCE electrode since the Au@ILs-polysome provided a biocompatible microenvironment that made the immobilized enzyme stay natural and active. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) demonstrates that the GOD/Au@ILs-polysome/GCE electrode exhibited improved electrocatalytic activity compared with the GOD/ILs-polysome/GCE electrode. The electrochemical sensor exhibited a low detection limit of 0.02 mM, high sensitivity of 32.52 µA mM−1 cm−2, high selectivity toward glucose, and good stability. The practical application of the sensor was verified by the determination of glucose in human serum. The multi-component liposomal nanocomposites possess universal significance in protein-based direct electrochemical devices while offering a facile route to fabricating a highly sensitive glucose sensor for practical clinical diagnosis.

Enhanced catalytic oxidation of toluene over heterostructured CeO2-CuO-Mn3O4 hollow nanocomposites

Noble metal-free multicomponent heterostructured nanocomposites are excellent catalysts owing to their flexible compositions, synergistic effects, low cost, and complex nanostructures. Nevertheless, the rational design and synthesis of the multicomponent hollow nanospheres with controllable components, compositions, and structures remains a challenge. We demonstrated that by using carbon nanospheres (CNSs) as templates, a series of hollow ternary CexCu1−xO1+x-Mn3O4 (0 ≤x ≤ 1) nanospheres can be synthesized by a co-precipitation method, followed by the removal of CNSs. The ratio of Ce/Cu in the hollow CexCu1−xO1+x-Mn3O4 nanospheres can be adjusted simply by varying the feeding ratio of Ce and Cu salts. Particularly, hollow Ce0.5Cu0.5O1.5-Mn3O4 catalysts showed excellent catalytic activity and long-term stability, and full conversion of toluene was achieved at 225 °C. Systematic investigation of the catalytic activity and structural information of the ternary CexCu1−xO1+x-Mn3O4 catalysts revealed that the highly dispersed metal oxides, partial formation of solid solutions, and ultrathin hollow structures, all contributed to the catalytic activity. The simplicity and versatility of our approach hold great promise for the preparation of multicomponent heterostructured metal oxides with excellent catalytic activity.

Microstructure optimization of core@shell structured MSe2/FeSe2@MoSe2 (M = Co, Ni) flower-like multicomponent nanocomposites towards high-efficiency microwave absorption

• Core@shell structured M Se 2 /FeSe 2 @MoSe 2 ( M =Co, Ni) flower-like MCNCs were selectively synthesize through a simple route. • The obtained core@shell structured MCNCs with the different MoSe 2 contents and flower-like morphologies could be tuned. • The obtained M Se 2 /FeSe 2 @MoSe 2 ( M =Co, Ni) flower-like MCNCs displayed very outstanding comprehensive MAPs. • Our findings provided a new and effective pathway to develop the strong wideband MAs. In this work, we put forward a scheme to exquisitely design and selectively synthesize the core@shell structured M Se 2 /FeSe 2 @MoSe 2 ( M = Co, Ni) flower-like multicomponent nanocomposites (MCNCs) through a simple two-step hydrothermal reaction on the surfaces of M Fe 2 O 4 nanospheres with the certain amounts of Mo and Se sources. With increasing the amounts of Mo and Se sources, the obtained core@shell structured M Se 2 /FeSe 2 @MoSe 2 ( M = Co, Ni) MCNCs with the enhanced content of MoSe 2 and improved flower-like geometry morphology could be produced on a large scale. The obtained results revealed that the as-prepared samples displayed improved comprehensive microwave absorption properties (CMAPs) with the increased amounts of Mo and Se sources. The as-prepared CoSe 2 /FeSe 2 @MoSe 2 and NiSe 2 /FeSe 2 @MoSe 2 MCNCs with the well-defined flower-like morphology could simultaneously present the outstanding CMAPs in terms of strong absorption capability, wide absorption bandwidth, and thin matching thicknesses, which mainly originated from the conduction loss and flower-like geometry morphology. Therefore, the findings not only develop the very desirable candidates for high-performance microwave absorption materials but also pave a new way for optimizing the CMAPs through tailoring morphology engineering.

Incorporation of Nanomaterials in Glass Ionomer Cements-Recent Developments and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review.

Glass ionomer cements (GICs), restorative materials with commercial availability spanning over five decades, are widely applied due to their advantages (including bio-compatibility, fluoride release, or excellent bonding properties). However, GICs have shortcomings. Among the disadvantages limiting the application of GICs, the poor mechanical properties are the most significant. In order to enhance the mechanical or antimicrobial properties of these materials, the addition of nanomaterials represents a viable approach. The present paper aims to review the literature on the application of different types of nanomaterials for the enhancement of GICs' mechanical and antimicrobial properties, which could lead to several clinical benefits, including better physical properties and the prevention of tooth decay. After applying the described methodology, representative articles published in the time period 2011-present were selected and included in the final review, covering the modification of GICs with metallic nanoparticles (Cu, Ag), metallic and metalloid oxide nanoparticles (TiO2, ZnO, MgO, Al2O3, ZrO2, SiO2), apatitic nanomaterials, and other nanomaterials or multi-component nanocomposites.