Multicomponent Construct Research Articles

Involvement of the population in active leisure (on the example of the social project «Active Parks»)

The public health system is one of the most important factors for the preservation of the human capital of the state and the further successful development of society in general. Effective involvement of the population in leading a healthy lifestyle acquires strategic importance for the country and its future, as it is a category that is realized in various senses (biological, medical, psychological, economic, social, historical, cultural, social, philosophical, etc.).
 Caring for the health of the population requires focusing efforts on finding effective and efficient mechanisms to involve the population in leading a healthy lifestyle. Analysis of the experience of implementing existing practices of physical activity proves that various forms of involvement of different population groups in active leisure are an effective tool.
 The phenomenon of «population health» is considered as a multi-component construct, the structure of which combines physical, social, spiritual, emotional, intellectual, and cultural components related to the vital activities of a person and society. The article reveals the role of active leisure and a healthy lifestyle for preserving and strengthening health, and describes the principles of organizing active leisure (principle of subject-subject interaction; social compliance; self-development and self-activity; integrity and mobility; innovation). An example of useful and content-filled active leisure is the social project «Active parks - locations of healthy Ukraine». The project is implemented to promote a healthy lifestyle. Successive implementation of the stages of this project guarantees positive results and contributes to increasing the level of physical activity and health of the population.

Can Creativity and Cognitive Reserve Predict Psychological Well-Being in Older Adults? The Role of Divergent Thinking in Healthy Aging

The maintenance of psychological well-being (PWB) in the older adult population is a pivotal goal for our rapidly aging society. PWB is a multicomponent construct that can be influenced by several factors in the lifespan. The beneficial role of divergent thinking (DT) and cognitive reserve (CR) in sustaining older subjects’ PWB has been scarcely investigated so far. The present study aims to investigate the relationships between DT, CR, and PWB in a sample of 121 healthy older adults (61 females; M age: 73.39 ± 6.66 years; M education: 11.33 ± 4.81 years). The results highlight that better DT performance predicts higher CR, which mediates an indirect positive effect of DT on emotional competence, one of the PWB factors. It follows that DT and CR can be considered protective factors in aging, and their effects go beyond cognitive functioning, revealing a positive effect even on some PWB components. The practical implications regarding targeted health interventions for prevention in the older adult population to support well-being and promote healthy aging are discussed.

Co-designing action-oriented mental health conversations: the case for integration in home and community care.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced concerns for the mental health and wellness of older adults worldwide. Older adults experiencing poor mental health may face both mental health stigma and ageism, which act as barriers to talking about mental health and seeking needed supports, care, and treatment. In Canada and elsewhere, there is a lack of mental health parity. The healthcare system’s focus on the physical healthcare needs of older adults creates missed opportunities for intentional conversations about mental health between providers and older patients during routine interactions.
 Aims: This project responds to aging and mental health research priorities identified by aging Canadians during the pandemic through surveys (n=1,000) and workshops (n= 52 participants). Top priorities included the need for research and action supporting: 1) skill-building in non-mental health specialists; and 2) the application of user-friendly tools to identify signs of positive and poor mental health. The aim of this multi-year research study is to co-design and test an evidence-based approach to starting mental health conversations between home and community care providers, older adults and/or their family caregivers.
 Methods: This study applies a participatory mixed methods design across three phases, guided by a working group of experts-by-lived-experience (n=30). Phase 1 involved a modified ADAPTE process including online workshops (n= 57 participants) and surveys (n=~1000) of older adults, caregivers, and health/social care providers across Canada. The workshops explored the use of an evidence-based visual model, called the Mental Health Continuum, to guide mental health conversations in home and community care. Phase 2 will involve co-design workshops with community health/social care providers in six communities (n= 3 rural; n=3 urban) across three Canadian provinces. Phase 3 will involve pilot and feasibility testing of the co-designed conversations in routine care. This abstract focuses on the findings from Phase 1. 
 Results: Workshop participants agreed that a visual model depicting mental health as a complex, multi-component construct ranging in state on a spectrum, was a helpful starting point for de-stigmatizing mental health between older adults, caregivers, and health/social care providers. However, participants felt the Mental Health Continuum needed to be adapted for use in promoting conversations in the context of home and community care. Suggested adaptations include the use of generic and action-oriented language across the model, more inclusive use of colours, capturing the element of change-over-time, removing clinical jargon from category names, and revising the signs and signals to be more aging context-relevant. Public consultation survey results are expected by the date of the conference. 
 Learnings: Engaging experts-by-lived-experience in all study phases is crucial for building on existing evidence in new research through a realist lens and ensuring widespread health issues are met with context-specific and relevant solutions. Workshops reinforced research priorities identified during the pandemic and confirmed the study’s potential to address challenges with integration of health and social care for older adults through de-stigmatizing mental health conversations.
 Next steps: The adapted Mental Health Continuum model will guide the co-design and pilot-testing work in Phases 2 and 3 of the research study.

What sticks after statistical learning: The persistence of implicit versus explicit memory traces

Statistical learning is a powerful mechanism that extracts even subtle regularities from our information-dense worlds. Recent theories argue that statistical learning can occur through multiple mechanisms—both the conventionally assumed automatic process that precipitates unconscious learning, and an attention-dependent process that brings regularities into conscious awareness. While this view has gained popularity, there are few empirical dissociations of the hypothesized implicit and explicit forms of statistical learning. Here we provide strong evidence for this dissociation in two ways. First, we show in healthy adults (N = 60) that implicit and explicit traces have divergent consolidation trajectories, with implicit knowledge of structure strengthened over a 24-h period, while precise explicit representations tend to decay. Second, we demonstrate that repeated testing strengthens the retention of explicit representations but that implicit statistical learning is uninfluenced by testing. Together these dissociations provide much needed support for the reconceptualization of statistical learning as a multi-component construct.

Are Mindfulness and Mind-Wandering Opposite Constructs? It Depends on How Mindfulness is Conceptualised.

This study investigated if trait mindfulness and its components, mindful attention, acceptance, and non-judging correlate negatively with self-reported and indirect markers of mind-wandering. The 552 participants of the study completed an anonymous online questionnaire consisting of trait mindfulness and mind-wandering scales. They also completed the computer-based Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART), an objective measure of mind-wandering. The total mindfulness score and acceptance and non-judging subscale scores were strongly negatively correlated with both self-reported trait mind-wandering (TMW) and SART indices of mind-wandering. In contrast, attention was significantly positively correlated with both. These findings suggest that trait mindfulness conceptualised as a multi-component construct, but not a uni-component one, is probably an opposing construct to trait mind-wandering. Furthermore, mindfulness and its components, acceptance and non-judging, are associated with a reduction in the more common form of SART errors. However, only the acceptance component made a unique contribution to the variance in TMW and SART performance. Therefore, it is advisable for researchers to specify whether they investigated mindfulness as a uni-component or multi-component construct. Furthermore, it would be beneficial if future research investigates the relationship of mindfulness and its components with mind-wandering further by also incorporating a measure of state mindfulness.

Человек и общество в условиях «новой нормальности»: обзор социологических исследований пандемии

This article reveals the social context of the «new normal» during the COVID-19 pandemic. It describes the essence and content of the «new normal». The article notes that the «new normal» is a complex multicomponent construct that requires an interdisciplinary approach. To describe the social framework of the «new normal» during the pandemic the articles on the coronavirus in the sociological journals have been analyzed. The main focus of these surveys is on the social well-being of citizens during the pandemic, the influence of the media on the perception of the pandemic, the impact of the pandemic on everyday social practices. It is stated that the pandemic social reality is affected by the transformation of everyday practices, modes of interpersonal interaction, work organization and the provision of services inclining in digitalization. These changes are mostly negative, as they are accompanied by a deterioration in the economic situation, a decrease in the quality of life, the marginalization of social and individual daily practices, a deformation of the social and psychological well-being. The article also outlines further research prospects.

The Multi-Component Gratitude Measure in Spanish for youth: An adaptation of the MCGM in Colombia

The present study explored the psychometric properties of the Multi-Component Gratitude Measure (MCGM), in Spanish with a sample of Colombian children. The sample was composed of 540 schoolchildren between 8–12 years old (265 females, mean age 10.04 years; 75 males, mean age 10.08 years). The MCGM aims to examine more comprehensively the moral virtue of gratitude as a construct with 3 components (emotional, conative/attitudinal, and behavioral) distributed across 6 subscales. We translated the MCGM into Spanish and validated the factor structure in a principal component analysis, basing the analysis on the 6 subscales. We corroborated that gratitude can be understood as a complex, multi-component construct from children's perspectives. Overall, the MCGM subscales showed good reliability coefficients between 0.7 and 0.9. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a 4-factor model structure (obtained in the PCA) presented the best-adjusted fit indices. Factor 1 represented the feelings subscale, factor 2 represented the attitudinal component, and factors 3 and 4 the behavioral component. Convergent validity was evaluated with other instruments of gratitude, along with additional variables including positive emotion, prosocial behavior and wellbeing, in a subsample of 210 children. Multiple sources of evidence indicate that the translated and validated measure, the MCGM-Spanish Youth (MCGM-SY), is an instrument with good reliability and validity for measuring gratitude in Spanish-speaking children.

The influence of personality traits and basic psychological needs on emotional engagement: An exploration in WeChat discussion

Online discussion is often adopted to facilitate students’ interaction and communication in higher education. Student engagement, which is a prerequisite of the expected outcomes in online discussion, has been conceptualized as a multi-component construct with behavioural, cognitive and emotional aspects. Compared to the first two aspects, emotional engagement has received the least empirical investigation. Nonetheless, previous research has proposed emotional engagement is related to student’s motivation and personality traits. This study adopted an exploratory approach investigating the associations between students’ basic psychological needs (BPNS, i.e., autonomy, competence and relatedness), personality traits (i.e., the Big Five) and emotional engagement during WeChat-based discussions. Participants included 94 Chinese university students who voluntarily completed an anonymous online survey measuring the aforementioned factors. As hypothesized, results indicated extroversion, agreeableness, openness and BPNS were positively related to emotional engagement in online discussion. Further mediation analyses indicated BPNS had mediation effects on the relationship between traits and engagement. This is a sign for researchers and practitioners that BPNS might be more important for improving emotional engagement in online discussion settings. The practical suggestions for teachers, research limitations and future work are also offered.

Bullying and Health Related Quality of Life among Adolescents-A Systematic Review.

Health-related quality of life is among global health goals not only in adulthood but also in childhood and adolescence. Being a multi-component construct, health-related quality of life covers various domains, such as physical and psychological wellbeing and social and environmental areas. Bullying might significantly influence those domains especially in adolescence, a period of life when numerous personal and interpersonal transformations are experienced. Therefore, the aim of the current systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship of bullying with the health-related quality of adolescents’ lives. An electronic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, and 3621 full-text articles were identified. After a selection process, 12 studies covering diagnosis, prevention and treatment for each of the three sections “adolescents”, “health related quality of life” and “bullying” were reviewed. An overall reduction in health-related quality of life in regard to bullying appeared from the studies analyzed, as well as a decline in adolescent mental health. Different bullying types were identified as causing harm to various adolescents‘ health-related quality of life domains. These findings may contribute to effective bullying management in schools and/or societal settings, and inform intervention strategies for maintaining the quality of life of adolescents being bullied.

Exploring the impact of green HRM practices on pro-environmental behavior via interplay of organization citizenship behavior

<abstract> <p>Using Green human resource management practices (HRMPs) as a multi-component construct, this study investigated the influence of bundle of Green HRMPs on pro-environmental behavior (Pro-EB) and organizational citizenship behavior towards the environment (OCBE), and examined the mediating effect of OCBE as a psychological mechanism that defines Green HRMPs and Pro-EB relationships. Data were obtained using self-administered questionnaires from a sample of 247 full-time academics working in public sector higher education institutions of Pakistan. The hypotheses were verified using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that Green HRMPs bundle had a significant and positive effect on both Pro-EB and OCBE, and OCBE, in return, had a positive relationship with Pro-EB. It was further revealed that OCBE positively mediated the association between Green HRMPs bundles and Pro-EB. The originality of the study lies in conceptualizing Green HRMPs bundles as a multi-component construct and examining the relationships between Green HRMPs bundle, OCBE, and Pro-EB in the context of Pakistan's higher education institutions. Besides, exploring OCBE as a mediator between Green HRMPs bundles and Pro-EB is one of the novel contributions of this study. This study helps management and practitioners in developing Green strategies that can promote Green and Pro-EB among academics/faculty members.</p> </abstract>

Leadership-promoted diversity climate and group identification

PurposeBesides diversity's positive effects, groups of “we” against “them” may form in accordance with social categorization theory, showing diversity's negative consequences. The authors aim to reconcile these results and examine their boundary conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors studied 584 working professionals from five contexts (transnational companies dealing with multicultural interactions) and analyzed data using moderated-mediation procedures.FindingsA leader-promoting diversity climate plays a crucial role in moderating the negative relationship between perceived dissimilarity and group identification, which is mediated by value dissimilarity.Originality/valueThis study mainly contributes by treating dissimilarity as a multicomponent construct, emphasizing the crucial differences embodied in various conceptualizations of dissimilarity – namely visible and value dissimilarity. For dissimilarity to result in group identification, the results highlight leaders' crucial role, beyond that of organizations and individuals, in stimulating a diversity-embracing climate in work units.

Employee’ innovativeness: A conceptual framework

Innovative behaviour is a key factor that contributes to organizational success. However, most studies have investigated employee’s Innovative behaviour from single views, the interaction between the psychological and organizational factors influencing innovative behaviours remains unclear. This article seeks to address that research gap by building a holistic model of employee innovativeness. The proposed framework is a multi-component construct which provides a comprehensive view of various factors that influence employee innovativeness. The proposed model clearly explains the relationship between personal factors, including thriving at work, psychological capital, organizational factors presented by organizational climate, supervisor support and entrepreneurial orientation. The research also suggests a number of research directions in the future.

Components of Emotion Regulation Flexibility: Linking Latent Profiles to Depressive and Anxious Symptoms

Emotion regulation flexibility has been conceptualized as a multicomponent construct that consists of context sensitivity, repertoire, and feedback responsiveness. Although individuals with greater abilities in each component show better psychological adjustment, the patterns of these components remain unknown. In two cross-sectional MTurk studies ( Ns = 200 and 802), we identified four or five predominant latent profiles: high-flexibility regulators (HFR), medium-flexibility regulators (MFR), context-insensitive regulators (CIR), feedback-irresponsive regulators (FIR), and low-repertoire regulators (LRR; Study 2 only). Inflexible regulators (CIR, FIR, and LRR) exhibited greater depressive and anxious symptoms than MFR and then HFR. Although inflexible regulators did not differ from each other on depressive symptoms, CIR showed more anxious symptoms than FIR and LRR. These findings support the importance of all three flexibility components with a highlight on context sensitivity and, moreover, suggest one potential way in which future studies can integrate various flexibility components.

Opportunity Attitude: Moving Beyond Cognitive Evaluation of Entrepreneurial Opportunities

Opportunity belief is a central concept in entrepreneurship, yet our understanding is incomplete due to the cognitive centric approach taken within the extant literature. We develop a new construct, opportunity attitude, which moves beyond cognition to include affect and conation. We present opportunity attitude as a dynamic, multicomponent construct that represents all the three aspects of mind. Thus, opportunity attitude is a congruence of opportunity evaluation across cognitive, affective and conative faculties. We claim that our conceptualisation provides a more complete account of the way in which entrepreneurs evaluate entrepreneurial opportunities and form an attitude towards entrepreneurial opportunities. We discuss how the components interact with each other in both the formation of and change in opportunity attitude over time. Mechanisms underlying these change processes are identified and discussed.

Improving Financial Literacy in Secondary School Students: An Randomized Experiment

Financial literacy is a multicomponent construct comprising financial knowledge, attitude, behaviors, and well-being. Financial literacy in young people helps them to achieve financial independence and escape from intergenerational poverty. Recent assessments, however, reveal that youth financial literacy is unsatisfactory. Financial education should be provided for students during secondary school as a natural context in which to establish young people’s financial literacy. Empirical evidence from randomized experiments studying the impact of financial education on secondary school students, however, is limited. To address this research gap, we performed a randomized experiment with 270 Form-3 (U.S. equivalent Grade 9) secondary school students in Hong Kong. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results demonstrated that objective financial knowledge, financial attitudinal variables, and financial well-being variables could converge into the latent construct of financial literacy, while all financial behavioral variables converged into another latent construct of financial behavior; of note, the two latent constructs were not significantly correlated. SEM results also revealed that our financial education program significantly improved financial literacy, but did not have a significant effect on financial behavior in the short term. These findings contribute to existing financial literacy research by facilitating more accurate measurement and detailing the near-term effects of financial interventions at the adolescent stage in young people.

Could neurophysiological measures help in understanding alexithymia in multiple sclerosis?

Objectives Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) could have deficits in emotional processing. Among the latter, alexithymia could affect up to 53% of this population [2] ; it is a multicomponent personality construct that entails an operative thinking and difficulties in understanding and analyzing one's own feelings. Previous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have suggested aberrant interhemispheric transfer and GABAergic transmission behind alexithymia [3] , but none was performed in the context of MS. Methods Right-handed MS patients were enrolled if they had no contraindications to TMS. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) classified patients as alexithymic (score > 55) and non-alexithymic. Socio-demographic, clinical and neuropsychological data were collected. The following TMS measures were obtained [1] : resting motor threshold, interhemispheric inhibition (interstimuli interval: 8, 10 and 12 ms) and cortical silent period (CSP). The statistical analysis consisted of group comparison (alexithymic versus non-alexithymic) of socio-demographic, clinical and neuropsychological measures and correlation analysis (corrections with False Discovery Rate approach) between TAS scores and TMS measures. Results Twenty-two patients completed the study (n = 10 alexithymic and n = 12 non-alexithymic). Patients did not significantly differ with regard to socio-demographic, clinical or neuropsychological data. A significantly shorter CSP duration was observed among alexithymic patients (mean: 84.34 ± 49.73) compared to their non-alexithymic counterparts (mean: 159.33 ± 76.96).

Out of the box: A psychedelic model to study the creative mind

Our creativity is challenged daily when facing new situations asking for novel solutions. Creativity, a multicomponent construct includes flexible divergent and rigid convergent thinking. Psychedelic drugs like psilocybin can enhance creativity and affect state of mind (mood, empathy, openness). Of note, flexible thinking is disturbed in psychopathological conditions like anxiety disorders and depression and preliminary findings have shown psychedelics to be efficacious in the treatment of those conditions.The question how psychedelics induce this state of enhanced flexible thinking remains to be answered and investigating the neurobiology underlying this phenomenon will not only help in understanding why psychedelics are of use in the therapeutic setting but also in other settings where flexible thinking is challenged. A model including neuronal networks, neurotransmitters and personal factors playing a role in this process will be proposed which can be put to the test by means of placebo-controlled pharmaco-imaging studies in healthy volunteers.

Системные исследования жизнеспособности подростков и возможности их адаптации. Рецензия на монографию А.И. Лактионовой «Жизнеспособность и социальная адаптация подростков» (М.: Изд-во «Институт психологии РАН», 2017. 236 с.)

The monograph under review is devoted to the theoretical and experimental analysis of the resilience of adolescents and the possibilities for their social adaptation. The subjective approach (system-subject approach) and system ecological theory served as theoretical guidelines. The content of the metasystem concept of resilience is substantiated and disclosed, its components are identified. The problems of adolescence and the possibility of studying a multicomponent construct, its role in social adaptation are discussed in detail. Multimethodic studies conducted on adolescents of three groups are described: senior schoolchildren in general education schools, special schools for adolescents with deviant behavior and orphans. Features of adaptive and disadaptive adolescents, teenagers-orphans, characteristic for their level of resilience and social interactions are shown. The problems of adolescence and the possibility of studying a multicomponent construct, its role in social adaptation are discussed in detail. Multimethodic studies conducted on adolescents of three groups are described: senior school- children in general education schools, special schools for adolescents with deviant behavior and orphans. Features of adaptive and disadaptive adolescents, teenagers- orphans, characteristic for their level of resilience and social interactions are shown.

Efficient Liver Targeting by Polyvalent Display of a Compact Ligand for the Asialoglycoprotein Receptor.

A compact and stable bicyclic bridged ketal was developed as a ligand for the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). This compound showed excellent ligand efficiency, and the molecular details of binding were revealed by the first X-ray crystal structures of ligand-bound ASGPR. This analogue was used to make potent di- and trivalent binders of ASGPR. Extensive characterization of the function of these compounds showed rapid ASGPR-dependent cellular uptake in vitro and high levels of liver/plasma selectivity in vivo. Assessment of the biodistribution in rodents of a prototypical Alexa647-labeled trivalent conjugate showed selective hepatocyte targeting with no detectable distribution in nonparenchymal cells. This molecule also exhibited increased ASGPR-directed hepatocellular uptake and prolonged retention compared to a similar GalNAc derived trimer conjugate. Selective release in the liver of a passively permeable small-molecule cargo was achieved by retro-Diels-Alder cleavage of an oxanorbornadiene linkage, presumably upon encountering intracellular thiol. Therefore, the multicomponent construct described here represents a highly efficient delivery vehicle to hepatocytes.

Deficits in Social Cognition: An Unveiled Signature of Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, representing the primary cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. Cognitive dysfunction can affect patients at any time during the disease process and might alter the six core functional domains. Social cognition is a multi-component construct that includes the theory of mind, empathy and social perception of emotions from facial, bodily and vocal cues. Deficits in this cognitive faculty might have a drastic impact on interpersonal relationships and quality of life (QoL). Although exhaustive data exist for non-social cognitive functions in MS, only a little attention has been paid for social cognition. The objectives of the present work are to reappraise the definition and anatomy of social cognition and evaluate the integrity of this domain across MS studies. We will put special emphasis on neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies concerning social cognitive performance in MS. Studies were selected in conformity with PRISMA guidelines. We looked for computerized databases (PubMed, Medline, and Scopus) that index peer-reviewed journals to identify published reports in English and French languages that mention social cognition and multiple sclerosis, regardless of publication year. We combined keywords as follows: (facial emotion or facial expression or emotional facial expressions or theory of mind or social cognition or empathy or affective prosody) AND multiple sclerosis AND (MRI or functional MRI or positron emission tomography or functional imaging or structural imaging). We also scanned references from articles aiming to get additional relevant studies. In total, 26 studies matched the abovementioned criteria (26 neuropsychological studies including five neuroimaging studies). Available data support the presence of social cognitive deficits even at early stages of MS. The increase in disease burden along with the "multiple disconnection syndrome" resulting from gray and white matters pathology might exceed the "threshold for cerebral tolerance" and can manifest as deficits in social cognition. Admitting the impact of the latter on patients' social functioning, a thorough screening for such deficits is crucial to improving patients' QoL. (JINS, 2017, 23, 266-286).