Multiband Rectenna Research Articles

A multiband coplanar based circularly polarized rectenna with high efficiency for IOT energy harvesting Applications

This paper presents a multiband rectenna with a circular polarization Archimedean antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting. The performance of the rectifier by matching to a higher impedance, about 150 O, improved. The antenna's various parameters are studied to adjust its input impedance until the closest input impedance to the rectifier is obtained. The antenna is fed by a coplanar waveguide transmission line (CPW) to eliminate balun, which helps to have a compact and integrated structure. For the proximity of the input impedance, just two inductors are used to match the impedance. By using fewer elements in the matching circuit, structure loss is reduced. A sample of the rectenna is made to confirm the simulation results. The proposed model has a maximum efficiency of about 96% at −8.5 dBm received power and can harvest energy with circular polarization in GSM1800 and 3G bands (1.71, 1.84, 1.94, and 2.14 GHz). The proposed rectenna can be used in low-power devices of non-cellular internet of things (IoT) according to the mentioned characteristics.

A Novel Circularly Polarized Annular Slotted Multiband Rectenna for Low Power Sensor Applications

A Novel Circularly Polarized Annular Slotted Multiband Rectenna for Low Power Sensor Applications

Efficiency Enhanced Seven-Band Omnidirectional Rectenna for RF Energy Harvesting

In this article, a seven-band omnidirectional rectenna is proposed for the first time to harvest RF energy. The designed rectenna operates in the following practical and up-to-date frequency bands: GSM1800 (1.8 GHz), LTE (2.1 GHz), WLAN/Wi-Fi (2.4 and 5.8 GHz), and 5G bands (2.6, 3.5, and 4.9 GHz). To obtain the multiband rectenna, a novel seven-band rectifier is introduced and composed of three optimized single shunt diode rectifiers in parallel. Overall RF-to- dc conversion efficiencies as high as 44.4% @ 1.84 GHz, 43.9% @ 2.04 GHz, 45.4% @ 2.36 GHz, 43.4% @ 2.54 GHz, 36.1% @ 3.3 GHz, 32.4% @ 4.76 GHz, and 28.3% @ 5.8 GHz are achieved at an input power level of −10 dBm. Moreover, a broadband omnidirectional monopole antenna is further codesigned with elaborate impedance matching to the rectifier. The antenna can harvest RF energy in the bandwidth of 1.67–5.92 GHz ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{S}_{\mathbf {11}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> no more than −10 dB) with stable omnidirectional radiation patterns. By integrating the rectifier and the monopole antenna in a low profile, a prototype of the rectenna was manufactured and tested. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed rectenna has competitive performance in terms of RF-to- dc conversion efficiency and band coverage, indicating enormous potential for numerous battery-free or low-power-needed applications in the real world.

A triple band rectenna for RF energy harvesting in smart city applications

ABSTRACT Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting is found to be the best alternative to conventional batteries for providing endless power to the sensor networks connected to perform various applications in the smart city. The electromagnetic energy density in the ambient environment is very low and not uniform, which demands a high gain multi-band rectenna system operating at mostly available energy bands and a suitable rectifier circuit that offers large PCE performance. This paper introduces a triple-band monopole rectenna with enhanced performance for smart city applications. A defective ground structure (DGS) has been investigated for a significant increase in gain with an increasing number of resonant frequencies. The proposed antenna operates over a band of frequencies that lies within 1.25–3 GHz, which covers 1.8/2.1/2.45 GHz frequencies. The antenna offers the gain values of 4.16/6.54/10.2 dB at 1.8/2.1/2.45 GHz frequencies, respectively. A single diode series-connected rectifier has been opted to efficiently operate over a wide range of input power levels from −10 dBm to 5 dBm and offers a minimum conversion efficiency of 60% within the operating bands at 0 dBm input power. The rectenna system is experimentally measured and the measured output voltage at 2.45 GHz frequency is 1.123 V.

Triplexer-Based Multiband Rectenna for RF Energy Harvesting From 3G/4G and Wi-Fi

In this letter, we propose a solution to improve efficiency and selectivity of triplexers, which operate as filters (or matching circuits) for triple-band energy harvesting. The triplexer consists of multiple higher-order open stubs of (2n+1)λ/4 length ( n is an integer, n ≥ 1), which is proven to yield high selectivity. With the high selectivity of the filters, the proposed triplexer achieves the efficiencies of 92%, 86%, and 83% at 1.85, 2.1, and 2.45 GHz, respectively. The triplexer is incorporated in a rectenna, yielding a final efficiency of 60% at 5 dBm input power.

A WIDEBAND ANTENNA ARRAY FOR RF ENERGY HARVESTING

In this paper, we introduce a wideband antenna array for RF energy harvesting from 3G/4G and Wi-Fi. The array consists of four parallelly linked wideband antenna elements and a metallic reflector to enhance gain and suppress back lobe radiation. In measurement, the antenna array possesses a wide bandwidth spanning from 1.6 GHz to 2.5 GHz, fully cover the three harvested bands, and the high gains between 13.5 dBi and 14 dBi. The antenna is employed in a multiband rectenna for energy harvesting and placed in the ambience. The rectenna was able to collect up to 0.27 mW power.

Multiband Ambient RF Energy Harvesting for Autonomous IoT Devices

This letter presents a novel multiband rectenna for the ambient wireless energy harvesting of an autonomous internet of thing (IoT) sensor. A bow-tie antenna with slits is proposed to obtain four frequency bands at 840 MHz, 1.86, 2.1, and 2.45 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, a multiband rectifying circuit combined of four single ring-loop rectifiers is designed with high conversion efficiency. Finally, a power management circuit with storing and converting the harvested voltage is proposed for smoothing dc output voltage. The energy harvester can be used in practical wireless sensor applications.

Quad-Band Rectenna for RF Energy Harvesting System

The design of multiband microstrip rectenna for radio frequency energy harvesting applications is presented in this paper. The designed antenna has good performance in the GSM-900/1800, WiFi and WLAN bands. In addition, the rectifier circuit is designed at multi resonant frequencies to collect the largest amount of RF ambient power from different RF sources. The developed antenna is matched with the rectifier at four desired frequencies using several rectifier branches to collect the largest of RF power. The proposed rectenna is printed on FR4 substrate with modified ground plane to achieve suitable impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna consists of elliptical radiating plane with stubs and stepped modified ground plane. The rectenna resonates at quad frequency bands at (GSM 900/1800, WiFi band and WLAN bands) with rectifier power conversion efficiency up to 56.4% at 0 dBm input power using the HSMS-2850 Schottky diode. The efficiency is more enhanced by using SMS-7630-061 Schottky diode which is characterized by a low junction capacitance and a low threshold voltage to achieve higher conversion efficiency up to 71.1% at the same 0 dBm input power for the same resonating frequency band.

A compact energy harvesting multiband rectenna based on metamaterial complementary split ring resonator antenna and modified hybrid junction ring rectifier

This article presents an improved wireless energy harvesting multiband rectifying antenna. The proposed design is based on an original optimized bidirectional complimentary split ring resonator (CSRR) metamaterial multiband antenna and a modified hybrid junction ring rectifier with four rectifying branches. It harvests the ambient radiofrequency radiations at GSM, 1.8 GHz; UMTS, 2.1 GHz; WiFi, 2.45 GHz; and 4G-2.6 GHz GSM bands. The created prototypes are printed on a 1.57-mm-thickness FR4 substrate and achieve the needed dimensional optimization in both antenna and rectifier. The CSRR antenna accomplished a maximum harvesting realized gain of 2.41, 2.26, 1.58, and 2.69 dB on the aforementioned frequency bands, respectively, 63.75% of antenna size reduction, and 23.62% rectifier size reduction regarding the conventional designs. The hybrid ring junction is used to independently match the subrectifiers at each frequency band. The realized rectenna has been accurately tested in both controlled and outdoor environments, achieving a 67.6% peak efficiency at 1.8 GHz frequency band for an input power level of 10 dBm. It powered up a digital batteryless watch in the outdoor experiment.

Low profile multiband rectenna for efficient energy harvesting at microwave frequencies

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the design and development of a multiband rectenna for ambient RF energy harvesting. The proposed rectifying antenna consists of fractal-based geometry to obtain GSM 0.9 GHz (0.8–1.2 GHz), GSM 1.8 GHz (1.6–2.1 GHz), WLAN 2.5 GHz (2.2–2.8 GHz), Wi-MAX 3.5 GHz (3.1–4.0 GHz), WLAN 5.5 GHz (5.3–6.4 GHz) and 7.35 GHz (7.0–7.8 GHz) resonating bands. The designed sensing antenna is low profile, lightweight and small in size with two circularly polarized bands at frequencies 1.8 and 2.5 GHz. In the proposed rectenna, a dual-stage voltage doubler rectifying circuit is utilized for converting surrounding RF signals into DC power. A matching network is connected between the fractal antenna and the rectifying circuitry for realizing a good impedance matching between them. To verify the proposed design, a prototype rectenna is fabricated and measured results are compared with the simulated results. The proposed rectifier provides an RF to DC conversion efficiency of 78%.

A dual polarized multiband rectenna for RF energy harvesting

The paper presents a multiband dual polarized rectenna for RF energy harvesting in C-band application range. The receiving antenna of the designed rectenna is consisting of a truncated corner square patch loaded with several circular slots, L-slots and U-slot. A proximity coupled feeding arrangement is used for obtaining a wide impedance bandwidth so that the complete C-band from 4 to 8 GHz can be covered. The proposed antenna has the advantage of compact size and dual polarization since circular polarization is realized at three bands (5.42 GHz, 6.9 GHz and 7.61 GHz) in the −10 dB impedance bandwidth range. For efficient RF to DC conversion a two-stage voltage doubler rectifier is used considering that it provides a higher voltage multiplication with a small threshold voltage at its primary stage. For ensuring maximum RF to DC conversion efficiency; a matching network has been designed and is connected in between receiving antenna and the rectifier circuitry in order to match the antenna and load in different frequency bands. It is observed that a maximum conversion efficiency of 84% is achieved at 5.76 GHz. The proposed rectenna has been fabricated and it is found that measured results are in good match with the simulated results.

A Novel Ultra-Lightweight Multiband Rectenna on Paper for RF Energy Harvesting in the Next Generation LTE Bands

This paper introduces a novel compact ultralightweight multiband RF energy harvester fabricated on a paper substrate. The proposed rectenna is designed to operate in all recently released LTE bands (range 0.79–0.96 GHz; 1.71–2.17 GHz; and 2.5–2.69 GHz). High compactness and ease of integration between antenna and rectifier are achieved by using a topology of nested annular slots. The proposed rectifier features an RF-to-dc conversion efficiency in the range of 5%–16% for an available input power of −20 dBm in all bands of interest, which increases up to 11%–30% at −15 dBm. The rectenna has been finally tested both in laboratory and in realistic scenarios featuring a superior performance to other state-of-the-art RF harvesters on flexible substrates.

A New Fractal Multiband Antenna for Wireless Power Transmission Applications

The Microwave Power Transmission (MPT) is the possibility of feeding a system without contact by using microwave energy. The challenge of such system is to increase the efficiency of transmitted energy from the emitter to the load. This can be achieved by rectifying the microwave energy using a rectenna system composed of an antenna of a significant gain associated with a rectifier with a good input impedance matching. In this paper, a new multiband antenna using the microstrip technology and fractal geometry is developed. The fractal antenna is validated into simulation and measurement in the ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) band at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz and it presents a wide aperture angle with an acceptable gain for both bands. The final antenna is printed over an FR4 substrate with a dimension of 60 × 30 mm2. These characteristics make the antenna suitable for a multiband rectenna circuit use.

Multiband rectenna for microwave applications

Abstract This paper reports a multiband rectenna (rectifier + antenna) suitable for the electromagnetic energy harvesting of the spill-over loss of microwave antennas placed on board of geostationary satellites. Such rectenna is used for powering autonomous wireless sensors for satellite health monitoring. The topology of the rectenna is presented. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed compact rectenna can harvest efficiently the incident electromagnetic energy at three different frequencies that are close to the resonant frequencies of the cross-dipoles implemented in the antenna array.

Design of Multi Band Rectenna using Blank Box Optimization Technique

As we all know that demand of energy is increasing day by day. We all are surrounded by the Radio Frequency waves, so the harvesting of radio waves for our energy requirements could be the alternative source of energy. Rectenna is a device that is used to convert RF Energy into DC power. Rectenna is designed using triangular microstrip patch antenna TMPA. The main motive behind this is to have battery free devices. This thing will also help us to protect our nature from harmful chemicals like cadmium, mercury etc. that are used in batteries This paper is concerned with the study design, analysis and fabrication of multi band Rectenna so that it can be used at various frequencies. We have used the blank box optimization technique in order to get enhanced bandwidth, gain, Return Loss and efficiency.

다중모드 회로망 분석을 이용한 광대역 혼 안테나의 효율적인 설계

This paper proposes the effective design procedure for a broadband, double-ridged horn antenna for evaluating the performance of the RF energy harvesting system with a multi-band rectenna. Using multi-mode network analysis, the higher-mode scattering parameters of the transition and horn were acquired and applied to the antenna design, respectively. As a result, the computing time could be reduced and the calculated VSWR(voltage standing wave ratio) of the antenna was very similar to the analyzed result using fully electromagnetic simulation. And there was also good agreement between the simulated and measured results. The designed broadband antenna has a bandwidth of 660~6360 MHz and 6~13.7 dBi peak radiation gain.