Multi-band Power System Stabilizer Research Articles

A Contoured Controller Bode-Based Iterative Tuning Method for Multi-Band Power System Stabilizers

An iterative tuning method for multi-band power system stabilizers is proposed, which utilizes the contoured controller Bode (CCBode) plot. The typical multi-band power system stabilizer, PSS4B, is conceptualized as a series connection of two filters: a band-pass filter and a phase compensator. The tuning process involves a space searching approach for the phase compensator to ensure its phase–frequency response remains within acceptable bounds. Subsequently, the CCBode plot is employed to adjust the magnitude–frequency response of the band-pass filter, thereby enhancing stability performance across a broad frequency range. The method proposed can be applied to the parameter design of the multi-band power system stabilizer PSS4B in the power system to suppress the low-frequency oscillations of the local mode and inter-regional mode in the system. The effectiveness of this proposed method is demonstrated through case studies of the four -machine/two-area system and the North China Power Grid.

Analyzing the Effects of MBPSS on the Transit Stability and High-Level Integration of Wind Farms during Fault Conditions

As the demand for renewable energy continues to increase, wind power has emerged as a prominent source of clean energy. However, incorporating wind energy into the power generation system at a high level can significantly impact the dynamic performance of the power system, resulting in increased uncertainties during operation. This study investigated the effectiveness of the Multi-Band Power System Stabilizer (MBPSS), a new power system stabilizer, in suppressing dynamic oscillations in a multi-machine power system connected to a wind farm. This research focused on analyzing the transient stability of a nine-bus network, commonly known as the Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC), integrated with a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) using MATLAB/Simulink. The study evaluated the dynamic performance of the proposed system under fault conditions, including Line-to-Line-to-Line-to-Ground (LLLG) faults. Simulation results showed that MBPSS effectively dampened oscillations and improved the stability of the power system, even in the presence of severe faults and high-level integration of wind farms.

Combining Multi-Band Power System Stabilizers and Hybrid Power Flow Controllers to Support Electricity Grids with High Penetration of Distributed Renewable Generation

The paper demonstrates the application of a new power flow configuration consisting of a Hybrid Power Flow Controller (HPFC) and a Multi-Band Power System Stabilizers (MB-PSS) to enhance the performance of a multi-machine power network in the presence of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy sources. The HPFC is a new type of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) device, which has been introduced to address inter-area congestion problems by controlling the real power flow and providing voltage regulation. The MB-PSS, on the other hand, is a power system stabilizer based on different frequency modes of electromechanical oscillations, where the discontinuities caused by the faults in the grid are taken in consideration, for multiple fault clearing times.The multi-machine power network with PV and wind distributed generation and the proposed power flow configuration are simulated using Matlab/ SimPowerSystems Toolbox and analyzed under three phase to ground short-circuits faults occurring in the middle of transmission line.

Power quality and transient analysis for a utility-tied interfaced distributed hybrid wind-hydro controls renewable energy generation system using generic and multiband power system stabilizers

Due to its inherent ability of augmenting power system stability limit while maintaining good electric Power Quality (PQ), Power System Stabilizer (PSS) is envisaged to be an effective device in numerous Distributed Generation (DG) applications. It becomes a paramount work to maintain stable frequency, and alleviate the utility-grid collapse. Owing to this, this paper evaluates the performance of generic, and Multiband (MB)-PSSs for a hybrid 9 MW wind farm connected with mini/micro hydro power plant. The proposed system is interfaced with 200 MVA, 25 kV utility-grid system. A comparative analysis in the performance of a generic-PSS is presented with a MB-PSS at various voltage level points and power flows at various Point of Common Couplings (PCC) are analysed. Transient analysis is carried out during the presence of various unsymmetrical faults. It is envisaged that transients and unbalanced voltage sag-swells are mitigated at various PCCs while maintaining uninterruptable real and reactive power flows. The superiority of MB-PSS is established over generic-PSS in maintaining optimal PQ flow. Consequently, the reactive power requirement of the connected load is compensated by wind and mini/micro hydro controlling schemes using MB-PSS. Overall, the accurateness of the developed simulink models is demonstrated and satisfactory results are obtained in comparative analysis of both stabilizers.

IMPACT OF GENERIC AND MULTIBAND POWER SYSTEM STABLIZER (PSS) ON ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM STABILITY

Sustained power system oscillation has become a serious problem for power system operation and control nowadays. Oscillations cause safety problems in electric power equipment and limit the transmission capacity of long-distance power transmission. Oscillations can reach an amount that can compromise the stable operation of the synchronous generator and the power system in general. One way to suppress oscillations is to use a stabilizer of the power system as an integral part of the excitation systems of generators. The task of the power oscillation stabilizer is to produce a torque damping component of the electromagnetic torque through the excitation systems. This paper reveals the impacts of Generic and Multiband power system stabilizers (PSS) to enhance the damping of low frequency oscillations in a two machine power system. The impact of the Multiband PSS was seen to be better that of Generic PSS on the two machine power system in Matlab Simulink. KEY WORD : Power, Stability, Simulation, Oscillations, Faults. DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/12-2-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2021

A Novel Deep Reinforcement Learning Enabled Multi-Band PSS for Multi-Mode Oscillation Control

To better damp out the multi-mode oscillations in an uncertain environment, a novel multi-band power system stabilizer (MBPSS) is proposed. Compared with other MBPSSs, the proposed controller has a well-balanced structure, and each band is designed to address a target low-frequency oscillation (LFO) mode. A deep reinforcement learning-enabled agent is developed to effectively tune the control parameters that are adaptive to system uncertainties and different operating conditions. Comparative results with other types of PSSs on the IEEE 68-bus system demonstrate that the proposed method has better performance of damping out LFO and robustness against unseen operating conditions and faults.

Genetic-TLBO Algorithm for Power System Stabilizer

Background: A large number of nature-based optimization methods have been proposed to use as efficient tools in scientific studies. Genetic Algorithm (GA), which operates based on human genetical evolution, has been an outstanding mostly used solver in a wide range of applications. This algorithm reflects the process of natural selection where the fittest individuals are selected for reproduction in order to produce offspring of the next generation. Initialization, selection, crossover, and mutation are the main parts of the GA population-based method which enables GA to have a prominent explorative feature. On the other hand, the Teaching Learning Based Optimization algorithm (TLBO) is of great performance during searching for the optimum solution among individuals. Therefore, it is expected that the combination of both algorithms in a certain logical way improves the optimization time. Objective: The study intends to determine ways of improving performance of the TLBO algorithm to solve a complex non-linear problem. Power system studies are one of the most complex problems for analysis. Therefore, a powerful heuristic optimization procedure would have a valuable contribution in solving such problems. In addition, the proposed heuristic algorithm will help scientists to apply the technique to their problems. Materials and Methods: According to the aforementioned explanation, a new efficient optimization approach is proposed which optimizes the parameters of multi-machine power system stabilizers (PSSs). The TLBO algorithm includes two different stages in its main structure, which are aptly called teacher and student stages. The student stage of TLBO is replaced by the genetic algorithm in order to improve the explorative feature of the main TLBO. The PSS parameters are obtained for four PSSs which are connected to four generators. Results: The performance of the proposed stabilizer is compared with other formerly designed stabilizers reported in the literature consisting of multi-band PSSs for two areas four-machine power system. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed PSS in damping local and inter-area oscillation modes under various disturbances and confirm its superiority in comparison with the other types of PSSs. Conclusion: : A search heuristic method like the genetic algorithm can dramatically improve the performance of meta-heuristic optimization technique. In actuality, the TLBO as a meta-heuristic optimization technique suffers from a direct search of random solutions in its primary stage. Then, the TLBO relinquishes some parts of search space which may restrict the algorithm to find absolute maximums or minimums. In this condition, the GA with a great ability in searching the whole search space effectively improves the TLBO. According to the obtained results, the proposed algorithm, named Genetic-TLBO, obviates the conventional TLBO flaws successfully.

PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION OF AVR AND MULTI-BAND PSS VIA A GENETIC ALGORITHM TECHNIQUE SO AS TO IMPROVE THE INTEGRATION RATE OF WIND FARM INTO THE ELECTRICITY GRID

Ponte Academic JournalDec 2019, Volume 75, Issue 12 PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION OF AVR AND MULTI-BAND PSS VIA A GENETIC ALGORITHM TECHNIQUE SO AS TO IMPROVE THE INTEGRATION RATE OF WIND FARM INTO THE ELECTRICITY GRIDAuthor(s): Bilel Dhouib ,Zuhair Alaas, Amor Kahouli, Hsan Haj AbdallahJ. Ponte - Dec 2019 - Volume 75 - Issue 12 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.12.9 Abstract:In this study, we applied the Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique to regulator parameters to improve the integration rate of wind energy into the grid. Due to the different available power system stabilizer models, it is necessary to select the best stabilizer to ensure stability and subsequently increase the rate of integration of wind energy into the grid. We compared a simulation of the conventional power system stabilizer (C-PSS) and the new Multi-Band Power System Stabilizer (MB-PSS). With its three frequency bands, the new MB-PSS has been used with an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) to improve power system stability. The MB-PSS ensures maximum damping not only in local modes guaranteed by the conventional regulators but also in interregional modes. To further improve the integration rate, we present a global optimization method based on a genetic algorithm to determine the optimal parameters of AVR and MB-PSS. Adjusting the parameters of these two regulators can significantly improve the integration rate of wind energy into and guarantee the stability of the grid. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

One Parameters Optimization Setting Method of PSS4B and Test Verification

As a new type of multiband power system stabilizer, PSS4B has good engineering application prospects due to the huge potential of its inhibition of oscillation in different frequency bands. Aim at the shortcoming of lacking general applicability for PSS4B typical parameters, a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced into the optimization process for PSS4B parameters based on the method of center frequency in this paper, and good phase compensation effect is obtained. By testing the phase frequency characteristic without compensation of self shunt excitation system of Sanjiangkou No.1 generator, PSS4B functional verification test is carried out on the new generation of excitation regulator EXC9200 for the first time. Finally, PSS4B field parameter setting method and the process is summarized, which provides an effective way for PSS4B putting into operation.

Power System Stabilizer PSS4B Model for Iraqi National Grid using PSS/E Software

To damp the low-frequency oscillations which occurred due to the disturbances in the electrical power system, the generators are equipped with Power System Stabilizer (PSS) that provide supplementary feedback stabilizing signals. The low-frequency oscillations in power system are classified as local mode oscillations, intra-area mode oscillation, and interarea mode oscillations. Double input multiband Power system stabilizers (PSSs) were used to damp out low-frequency oscillations in power system. Among dual-input PSSs, PSS4B offers superior transient performance. Power system simulator for engineering (PSS/E) software was adopted to test and evaluate the dynamic performance of PSS4B model on Iraqi national grid. The results showed that after installing the PSS in a specific plant the oscillation of rotor angle, bus frequency, speed, power flow is better than without PSS during the disturbances that occurred during the simulations. All the PSS/E simulation and tests were done in the National dispatch center (NDC) laboratory, Ministry of Electricity. 

Wide area damping of electromechanical low frequency oscillations using phasor measurement data

A wide area controller using modern multi-band power system stabilizer (PSS) is proposed to damp low frequency oscillations (LFOs) in the presence of wind power penetration. The proposed scheme is perfected in two stages. In the first stage, as the online stage, the generation re-dispatch is utilized to improve the damping of LFOs. In the second stage, as the real-time stage, the modern multiband PSSs are tuned in a wide area basis using ambient synchro-phasor measurements. A hybrid subspace identification approach based on estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) and robust project approximation subspace tracking (PAST) technique is developed for online estimation of electromechanical modal properties using ambient phasor measurement data. The estimated modal information is then utilized for optimal wide area tuning of multi-band PSSs. Performance of the proposed scheme is then compared with local and global conventional PSSs. The proposed wide area damping controller is simulated over the IEEE-39 Bus test systems.

Quasi-Steady-State Approach for Analysis of Frequency Oscillations and Damping Controller Design

This paper proposes a quasi-steady-state modeling approach for an approximation of long-term frequency dynamics in power systems. A specific phenomenon of concern is an onset of frequency swings during load/generation imbalance scenarios. The effects of system voltage characteristics, system inertia, and, more importantly, damping controllers are explained and quantified using the described quasi-steady-state models. Application of the methodology to a 14-generator benchmark system demonstrates that described models are suitable for simulation of different disturbance scenarios that can trigger frequency instability. Moreover, linearization of the proposed models can provide convenient means for impact assessment and coordinated design of damping controllers. To demonstrate this, coordinated tuning of multiband power system stabilizers to improve frequency dynamics has been performed and validated through nonlinear simulations using a commercial transient stability software.

Direct adaptive power system stabilizer design using fuzzy wavelet neural network with self-recurrent consequent part

This paper aims to propose a stable fuzzy wavelet neural-based adaptive power system stabilizer (SFWNAPSS) for stabilizing the inter-area oscillations in multi-machine power systems. In the proposed approach, a self-recurrent Wavelet Neural Network (SRWNN) is applied with the aim of constructing a self-recurrent consequent part for each fuzzy rule of a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy model. All parameters of the consequent parts are updated online based on Direct Adaptive Control Theory (DACT) and employing a back-propagation-based approach. The stabilizer initialization is performed using an approach based on genetic algorithm (GA). A Lyapunov-based adaptive learning rates (LALRs) algorithm is also proposed in order to speed up the stabilization rate, as well as to guarantee the convergence of the proposed stabilizer. Therefore, due to having a stable powerful adaptation law, there is no requirement to use any identification process. Kundur's four-machine two-area benchmark power system and six-machine three-area power system are used with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of the proposed stabilizer. The results are promising and show that the inter-area oscillations are successfully damped by the SFWNAPSS. Furthermore, the superiority of the proposed stabilizer is demonstrated over the IEEE standard multi-band power system stabilizer (MB-PSS), and the conventional PSS.

The Use of Multiband PSS to Improve Transient Stability of Multimachine Power System

With the increase in demand for electrical energy, electrical networks must constantly work near their stability limits faster and more flexible. These grids are often subject to disturbances such as short circuits which cause the loss of stability of generators and the entire network. In this work we present two different approaches to PSS (power system stabilizer), the conventional PSS and multiband PSS in order to improve transient stability of multimachine network. The latter is subjected to a short-circuit current with a duration of 200ms just 350 km from the first generator. Multiband PSS offers an additional advantage since it produces a signal stabilizing not only from the variation of the angular velocity of the rotor as well as electrical power. Instead of one, it uses three filters (Lead/Lag) independent, each optimized for vibration damping local oscillations between interconnected networks and global oscillations. Different simulations were performed using the software matlab sympower system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v3i3.3905

Multi-band power system stabilizer design by using CPCE algorithm for multi-machine power system

Synchronous generators are generally equipped with power system stabilizers (PSS) to damp out low frequency oscillations. Among different types of PSSs it has been recently shown that the new advanced stabilizer, called multi-band PSS (MB-PSS), has a better performance to cope with all global, inter area and local modes. All different types of PSSs are mainly designed based on one operating point of the system using a linear model. However, power system is inherently nonlinear and its operating conditions frequently change and the PSS performance may deteriorate. This paper develops a new design for MB-PSS in which the parameters are tuned by using a new Meta-heuristic optimization algorithm based on the combination of culture algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and co-evolutionary algorithms. In this new culture-PSO-co evolutionary (CPCE) algorithm, the characteristics of all three mentioned algorithms are combined and a new strong optimization technique is obtained. The proposed MB-PSS is tested on a multi-machine power system and results are compared with PSO-based MB-PSS (PSO-MB-PSS) and conventional MB-PSS (C-MB-PSS). Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed optimization tuning method for improving the power system dynamic stability.

Effects of various power system stabilizers on improving power system dynamic performance

To ensure the small-signal stability of a power system, power system stabilizers (PSSs) are extensively applied for damping low frequency power oscillations through modulating the excitation supplied to synchronous machines, and increasing interest has been focused on developing different PSS schemes to tackle the threat of damping oscillations to power system stability. This paper examines four different PSS models and investigates their performances on damping power system dynamics using both small-signal eigenvalue analysis and large-signal dynamic simulations. The four kinds of PSSs examined include the Conventional PSS (CPSS), Single Neuron based PSS (SNPSS), Adaptive PSS (APSS) and Multi-band PSS (MBPSS). A steep descent parameter optimization algorithm is employed to seek the optimal PSS design parameters. To evaluate the effects of these PSSs on improving power system dynamic behaviors, case studies are carried out on an 8-unit 24-bus power system through both small-signal eigenvalue analysis and large-signal time-domain simulations.

A strategy to simultaneously tune power system stabilizers

This paper is aimed to tune multi-band power system stabilizers (MB-PSSs), which main purpose is the power oscillation damping enhancement. The proposition is formulated as the minimization of a quadratic criterion, which is solved by the differential evolution (DE) optimizer. Likewise, dynamic equivalents are employed in order to reduce the dimensionality and complexity of the problem as well as to facilitate the solution. Results on a portion of the high voltage Mexican power grid are presented, showing the proposal’s applicability.

Damping inter-area modes of oscillation using an adaptive fuzzy power system stabilizer

This paper introduces an indirect adaptive fuzzy controller as a power system stabilizer used to damp inter-area modes of oscillation following disturbances in power systems. Compared to the IEEE standard multi-band power system stabilizer (MB-PSS), indirect adaptive fuzzy-based stabilizers are more efficient because they can cope with oscillations at different operating points. A nominal model of the power system is identified on-line using a variable structure identifier. A feedback linearization-based control law is implemented using the identified model. The gains of the controller are tuned via a particle swarm optimization routine to ensure system stability and minimum sum of the squares of the speed deviations. A bench-mark problem of a 4-machine 2-area power system is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller and to show its superiority over other conventional stabilizers used in the literature.

A Study on Multiband PSS Coordination

The purpose of this paper is to present results for power system stabilizers (PSS) coordination in multi-machine applications. Due to their versatility, multiband power system stabilizers (MB_PSS) have been employed to enhance the power oscillations damping. The problem at hand is to minimize an objective function, which is solved by the conventional differential evolution (DE) algorithm. Results for an equivalent of the Mexican power system are exhibited showing the improvement on the electromechanical transient.

OSCILLATION DAMPING EFFECTS OF POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER WITH EIGENVALUE ANALYSIS METHOD

With the development of power system interconnection, the low-frequency oscillation (LFO) is becoming more and more prominent which may cause the instability of power systems. In this paper, a standard multi-band power system stabilizer will be presented to damp the potential power oscillation with consideration of the local, inter-area, and global mode. Based on the small signal linearized modelling technology and eigenvalue analysis approach, the oscillation damping effects of power system stabilizers are discussed, which are demonstrated on a 4-machine 2-area system and 16-machine 5-area system. Numerical results show that the multi-band power system stabilizer is effective in the power oscillation model analysis and can improve the dynamic performance of the power systems.