Multiband Microstrip Research Articles

Transmission Coefficient Measurements Using a 2.48-4.7 GHz Lateral Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna (MB-MPA)

We designed a standard triple-wavelength multiband microstrip patch antenna (MB-MPA) by electromagnetic simulation and fabricated it using an FR-4 substrate. The fundamental resonant frequency f1 was 2.48 GHz, the second-order resonant frequency f2 was 3.7 GHz, and the third-order resonant frequency f3 was 4.7 GHz. The f2 signal resonated at 1/2 the length of the patch width W, and the electrical field intensities of Eφ and Eθ showed π/2 rotation polarization relative to the f1 signal. The polarization angle of the f3 signal was about 34 degrees as the f3 signal resonated at a length of 1/2 of the oblique line of the right triangle consisting of the shortened length L and 1/2 of the width W of the patch. The 0.1 - 6 GHz frequency band reflection and transmission coefficients of S-parameters S11 and S21 measured at a spatial propagation distance of 0.1 - 0.3 m with MB-MPAs as the transmitting and receiving antenna were consistent with the transmission system simulation results. The simulated transmission coefficient S21 at three wavelengths with a spatial propagation distance of 10 - 50 m with two-stage LNAs showed practical values. The lateral resonant MB-MPA can be practically designed by using 3D electromagnetic current density distribution, electric field intensity radiation, and evaluating the transmission coefficient S21.

Design and Analysis of Multiband Microstrip Antenna Using Multiple Notches for Wireless Communication in L and S-Band Applications

Design and Analysis of Multiband Microstrip Antenna Using Multiple Notches for Wireless Communication in L and S-Band Applications

Design and implementation of multiband microstrip antenna for energy harvesting

Design and implementation of multiband microstrip antenna for energy harvesting

Design and Implementation of a Microstrip Six-Port Reflectometer (SPR) with Enhanced Bandwidth

A compact microstrip six-port reflectometer (SPR) with extended bandwidth is proposed in this paper. The design is based on using 16-dB multi-section coupled line directional couplers and a multi-section 3-dB Wilkinson power divider operating from 1 to 6 GHz. The proposed SPR employs only two calibration standards: a matched load and an open load. As compared to other dielectric substrates, fabricating the proposed SPR involves using a low-cost (FR4) substrate. A novel algorithm is also proposed to estimate the complex reflection coefficient over the frequency ranges at which the standard performance of the circuit components is not fully satisfied. The new algorithm is based on the circles’ intersection points, which have been derived from basic SPR equations, to estimate the complex reflection coefficient. To validate the SPR performance, a multiband microstrip patch antenna has been measured and the resulted reflection coefficient is compared with those obtained using a vector network analyzer (VNA). Results show that the proposed SPR provides a good estimation of the complex reflection coefficient within the frequency range of 1 GHz to 8 GHz. Owing to its compact size and ease of fabrication, the proposed reflectometer is suitable for various microwave broadband applications.

Multiband multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna design with high‐resolution circularly polarized wireless communication

SummaryA design problem of multiband multi‐input, multi‐output (MIMO) antenna arrays for maximal side lobe level lessening with constraint of a fixed beam width is dealt with. Multiband MIMO antenna is the most promising solution in a communication system, due to its maximal speed, higher data rate, and short‐range communication. Conversely, MIMO faces several complications including designing a proper antenna for a specific bandwidth and lesser antenna efficacy. In this manuscript, a high‐resolution CP multiband MIMO (HS‐CPMB‐MIMO) antenna design for wireless communication is proposed. MIMO antenna plays a vital part in the present wireless technology at MSA. A multiband microstrip line‐fed two‐port hybrid CPMIMO antenna is intended and fabricated. The proposed microstrip feed antenna contains a tapering structure, and the inverted L‐shaped slots in the radiating element are opened on both sides to present notches in sub‐6‐GHz frequencies. The inverted L‐shaped slots is positioned in the middle of asymmetric Z‐shaped radiating elements for enhancing the isolation among the two ports. The invention of a multiband MIMO antenna with four CP bands has an efficient ECC value because of a large L‐shaped slot in the ground as well as a protruding Z‐shape ground stub embedded with circular rings to have highly isolated cells. Finally, the proposed HS‐CPMB‐MIMO antenna design is implemented by utilizing simulation software CST Microwave Studio, and it is evaluated with the performance metrics. The simulation outcomes of the proposed HS‐CPMB‐MIMO antenna provide 36.34%, 57.36%, and 25.33% higher BW, 24.13%, 15.96%, and 21.22% higher gain compared with existing methods.

Design of multi-band flexible microstrip antenna based on micro drop jetting

Due to the high compatibility of micro-droplet jetting 3D printing technology within the realm of printed electronics, a flexible and miniaturized multi-band microstrip antenna was designed. The purpose of this is to extend the wireless signal response range of wearable devices and to investigate the feasibility of producing wearable devices with high efficiency. The antenna uses polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the dielectric substrate and nanosilver as the conductive material for the radiating patch, demonstrating remarkable flexibility. The antenna’s structure underwent simulation and analysis through frequency sweeping using ANSYS HFSS simulation software. The outcomes illustrate the antenna operating within three frequency bands at 2.5GHz, 3.5GHz, and 5.8GHz, and the return loss is kept below -18dB for each central frequency. Simultaneously, it displays favorable flexibility. The radiation pattern of the antenna indicates that it has good directivity and no extra side lobes are generated. Ultimately, Antennas were fabricated using microdroplet spraying technology, and the final product’s characteristics and morphology were analyzed. The aforementioned findings demonstrate that micro-droplet jetting technology’s remarkable precision and efficiency render it a viable approach for the processing and production of flexible microstrip antennas.

Hybrid Shaped Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications

Hybrid Shaped Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications

Research on Ultra Narrow Size Microstrip Multiband Antenna Suitable for Wireless Repeaters in Mine Tunnels with Different Cross-sections

Research on Ultra Narrow Size Microstrip Multiband Antenna Suitable for Wireless Repeaters in Mine Tunnels with Different Cross-sections

Design of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite Applications

In the fields of satellite communication and aerospace, the multiband microstrip patch antenna has emerged as a game-changing technology that meets crucial needs of the contemporary day. The use of this antenna is essential as the need for faster data transfer rates and wider coverage keeps rising. In this paper, a microstrip patch antenna is designed for operating into Ku band for satellite communication and aerospace communication. The antenna is operating at 15.8 GHz and in the Ku band. The antenna is designed with slot configurations on the patch, forming an 'H' shape, and on the feed, resembling a 'U' shape. The integration of these slot structures enhances the antenna's gain, achieving 7.44 dB with useful bandwidth of 3.2 GHz. Furthermore, the antenna exhibits ultrawide band properties, extending its versatility and potential applications.

Design of Multi-band Microstrip Antenna with Rectangular Patch for 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.5 GHz Frequencies

Cellular developments encourage the integration of both 4G, Wi-Fi, and 5G network technologies into one device; an antenna is a tool that can be used to support the integration of these networks. A microstrip antenna is an antenna that is small, light, thin, easy to fabricate, and can be used in long ranges. In this paper, a microstrip antenna is designed on a printed circuit board (PCB) with a permittivity of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. This research aims to design a microstrip antenna that is capable of working on 4G (2.3 GHz), Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), and 5G 3.5 GHZ) frequencies in one antenna. The microstrip antenna is designed on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with a permittivity of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm, rectangular shaped patches, and each patch is connected using a bridging method. Next, the antenna is simulated using CST Suite 2021 software. Simulation results at frequencies of 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.5 GHz produce return losses of -23.70, -22.87, and -20.60, VSWR values of 1, respectively. .13, 1.15, and 1.20, the bandwidth values are 6.27%, 3.84%, and 5.84%, respectively, and the gain values are 4.69 dBi, 8.53 dBi, and 3.49 dBi.

A multiband slot antenna with groundless EBG structure for wearable WLAN/WiMAX applications

ABSTRACT A multiband microstrip antenna integrated with an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure operating at WLAN and WiMAX frequencies is proposed for wearable applications. The antenna consists of a circular patch surrounded by the ground plane, separated by a ring slot. The size of the integrated antenna has been significantly reduced to 0.28 λ ×0.28 λ and thickness of 0.024 λ . A single-layered planar groundless EBG structure has been designed to suppress the wideband of frequencies from 2.2 to 5.4 GHz. An equivalent circuit model is presented to explain the zero-degree reflection phase of the EBG. Integration of the antenna with the EBG structure and a simple resonator bestows operating bands at 2.45 and 5.2, 5.5 and 5.8 GHz with significantly low back radiation. The gain and directivity of the antenna have been increased to 5.41 dB and 6.2 dB, respectively. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of the antenna has been reduced to 0.0859W/kg, which is significantly lower than the admissible SAR value recommended by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate, and its measured radiation characteristics are well matched to the simulated one.

Synthesis of a Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Communications

This paper presents a multiband microstrip patch antenna for future 5G Millimeter Wave (mm-wave) wireless technologies. The synthesized antenna is designed to be based on the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization tool in the high frequency simulation software (HFSS). The optimized dimensions of the engineered antenna are 24 × 24 × 0.203 mm3, comprising of a ground plane. The antenna design simulated results have been implemented via (HFSS) and microwave studio (CST) tools. The proposed antenna structure is engineered using Rogers RT-Duroid 4003 substrate as a dielectric medium. The Conformist rectangular and circular patches are modified to get multiband operation in the mm-wave band 25–32 besides 40–60 GHz frequency ranges. The input reflection coefficient (S11\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm{S}}_{11}$$\\end{document}) simulation results were compared with the measurements to check the validity of the design. The fabricated antenna radiation efficiency and gain values are also measured over the desired bandwidths. The measured gain and radiation efficiency values reached up to 9.75 dBi, 0.85%, and 10.75 dBi, 0.84%, for both bandwidths, respectively.

Design and Optimization of C Structured Microstrip Multiband Antenna for Wireless Communication Using Fractal Geometry

Design and Optimization of C Structured Microstrip Multiband Antenna for Wireless Communication Using Fractal Geometry

Multiband bandpass filter with asymmetric dual‐band response based on metacell

AbstractThe impressive growth in present‐day wireless communication systems demands compact, low‐power, cost‐effective, planar multiband microwave devices to increase the speed of communication and reduce hardware requirements, which subsequently reduce the power requirement of the system. Accordingly, this article aims to design a multiband microstrip bandpass filter with asymmetric dual‐band response based on metacell. The proposed filter is designed for wide and narrow dual‐band responses with fractional bandwidths of 72% and 2.6%, respectively. For the first time in this article, a new application of metacell in the design of dual‐band filters is discussed. A folded asymmetric step‐impedance resonator and a novel metacell structure—Dual loop split ring resonators are used to obtain wideband and dual‐band responses, respectively. The proposed work discusses the design methodology, and analysis of metacell structure based on a quasistatic model and compares simulation results with experimental results. The proposed dual‐band filter presents an insertion loss (S21) of less than 1 dB and input reflection coefficient (S11) greater than 10 dB in both passbands centered at 3.3 and 5.7 GHz. The designed filter is suitable for wireless communication applications—Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment.

A modified sierpinski carpet antenna structure for multiband wireless applications

Multiband patch antenna has a very important part in the communication devices and systems. The benefits in designing and testing of Sierpinski carpet geometries for a low profile, cost effective multiband microstrip patch antenna for wireless standards is reviewed in this paper. The basic structure of the patch antenna is designed using the FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.3 mm. The designed patch antenna structure is excited using the microstrip feed system. The Sierpinski carpet antenna structure is designed and simulated using High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) software. The available Sierpinski carpet antenna structure in the literature is modified to make the preferred radiation patterns. The effects of the iterations of the modified Sierpinski carpet antenna structure over the generated return loss plots are discussed in this work. Based on the generated multiband behavior in the simulated results, the accomplishment of the designed antenna in the wireless domain was analyzed.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI-BAND COMPACT MICROSTRIP ANTENNA IN GSM1900/WLAN/WiMAX/DSRC/X-BAND FREQUENCY BANDS FOR VEHICLE APPLICATIONS

This study focuses the design and analysis of a compact, multi-band microstrip patch antenna for wireless communications operations. The design antenna exhibits distinct quad resonance frequency bands I from 1.879 GHz to 1.986 GHz, II from 3.1 GHz to 3.87 GHz, and III from 4.97 GHz to 6.515 GHz, IV from 7.26 GHz to 8.6 GHz, which covers GSM 1.900 GHz, WLAN (5.2/5.8 GHz), DSRC 5.9 GHz and WiMAX (3.5/5.5 GHz) bands. In addition, it can also support the X-band from 7.26 to 8.6 GHz. The antenna is designed on an inexpensive substrate of FR4 with dimensions of 36(L) × 25(W) mm2 and consists of two branches of curved strips for a quad-band response. The antenna is designed and analyzed using electromagnetic 3D computer simulation software. The designed antenna can provide advantages in GSM/WLAN/WiMAX/DSRC/X-band satellite applications for vehicle communication with four resonant frequency bands, nearly omnidirectional radiation characteristics, and acceptable gain.

Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Design for RF Energy Harvesting Applications

In recent years, with the rapid developments in the field of technology and the development of wireless communication systems; led to a noticeable increase in the number of portable, rechargeable and low-power devices. These electronic devices have become a necessity even in our simplest works, due to the increase in their number and variety; It is desired that the energy needs can be met continuously and quickly at a low cost. Batteries, which are non-renewable generators, provide the energy required for such low-power devices in the world. The increase in the tendency towards non-renewable energy sources leads to negative environmental and economic consequences. Therefore, it becomes important to turn to renewable energy sources and to work on it. Energy harvesting systems, which are an innovative energy source, are the best potential alternatives to collect the energy needed by the mentioned low-power devices. With the increase of different frequency bands such as GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, 3G, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max and LTE, RF energy harvesting is becoming quite common. In this paper, a printed multiband microstrip patch antenna is presented. Antenna design covers numerically calculated frequencies of 1.6dBi at 2.4GHz, 3.95dBi at 5.2GHz, gain values, and frequencies often used for electronic device communication such as Wi-Fi 2.4GHz and WiMAX. The proposed antenna design has allowable gain values to be used for RF energy harvesting applications.

High Gain Multiband Microstrip Antenna for LTE, WLAN, Amateur Radio, and Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

High Gain Multiband Microstrip Antenna for LTE, WLAN, Amateur Radio, and Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

High-directive multiband microstrip patch antenna for biomedical applications, inspired by metamaterial

Recent advancements in medical technology impose a limited number of devices for biomedical applications. A variety of techniques are being proposed to improve the performance of novel antenna designs in response to the rapid development of modern wireless technologies. A miniaturised microstrip antenna structure based on metamaterial (MTM) is presented here. The objective of this work is to present a high-directive antenna for wireless systems utilising MTM properties. Directivity is improved by the incorporation of the MTM structure on the ground structure. In order to improve the performance parameters of the antenna for medical applications, this study provides the design and analysis of a multiband patch antenna employing split-ring MTM. The split-ring resonator (SRR) MTM structures are embedded in a unique and novel way in the ground structure of the antenna. So that subwavelength modes get introduced in the patch cavity and a good performance characteristics is obtained. The reference antenna is a rectangular microstrip patch antenna exhibiting a directivity of 1.1823[Formula: see text]dB that resonates at a frequency of 2.32[Formula: see text]GHz. The optimised SRR MTM is positioned in the ground plane of the suggested antenna to increase the directivity of the antenna. This technology covers the frequency range between 2.24 and 3.96[Formula: see text]GHz used for biomedical applications and the ultra-wideband (UWB) range from 4.48 to 9.08[Formula: see text]GHz used for medical applications, industrial and scientific areas. The number of gaps of the rectangular-shaped SRRs is a key component of the enhancement of directivity from 1.1823 to 8.88823[Formula: see text]dB.

A COMPACT MICROSTRIP CIRCULAR RING ANTENNA FOR TRIPLE BAND APPLICATIONS

The proposed work handles the design of a novel multiband microstrip patch antenna that can be used for current advanced wireless applications. The paper postulates a compact microstrip circular ring antenna operating at three different bands. The designed antenna is appropriate for Wi-Max, C-band, and wireless LAN applications. An FR4 substrate of thickness 1.6 mm is considered upon which a circular ring monopole antenna is developed. The truncated or reduced ground plane is considered in the design of the proposed antenna to yield the desired resonant characteristics. The developed antenna resonates at various multiband frequencies of 2.55-3.6, 4.37-5.32, and 6.99-8.65 GHz with good gain characteristics. The simulated reflection coefficient values are less than -10 dB. The proposed antenna has higher gains at all the three bands. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated, and measured results are compared to simulated results with good matching in between them.