Mullion Structure Research Articles

Fire Insulation of Aluminum Glazed Partitions Depending on the Infill Solution of Framework Profiles

This paper presents the main problems related to the fire resistance of aluminium glazed partitions. It discusses technical solutions used in partition systems with a specific fire resistance class, as well as a procedure and the general principles of classification of fire resistance for structures of this type. Moreover, the paper presents the comparison of fire resistance test results of glazed partition test specimens, depending on the volume of insulation inserts placed inside the aluminium structure profiles. To made the comparison the specimens with the same transom - mullion structure were tested with two filling solutions - with same profiles filled only in the middle part and fully filled.

Design and Construction of High-speed Dynamic Balance for High Load

There are high longitudinal loads and mismatched longitudinal/lateral aerodynamic characteristics of unconventional aerodynamic configurations, which present a new challenge to high-speed dynamic balance technology. The wind tunnel dimension limitation makes a new command in miniaturization design of dynamic balance. The article describes a solution method which is based on the electromechanical motion modulation testing principle and mechanical structure of saddle-type dynamic balance. There is an II-type structure assembled by oil film bearing and elastic pivot beam on the outer tube to achieve motion modulation and measurement. The double variable cross-section vertical beams are placed in front of inner shaft to measure the five components of high load. The double saddle-type structure is applied to connect the intermediate part of inner shaft with outer tube together. A Scotch yoke mechanism is composed of the transmission eccentric cam of sting and a mullion structure which is designed at the rear part of inner shaft. According to the redesign and alteration, the effective lateral load signal output could be obtained from the miniaturized dynamic balance, in which the maximum longitudinal load bearing capacity is extended more than twice. A great agreement is also obtained between the measurement accuracy and design requirements.

FIRE RESISTANCE TESTS OF ALUMINIUM GLAZED PARTITIONS, Results comparison

This paper discusses the main problems related to the fire resistance of aluminium glazed partitions, including the tests methodology and way of classification of this type of elements. Moreover, the paper presents the comparison of fire resistance test results of glazed partition test specimens, depending on the number of insulation inserts placed inside the aluminium structure profiles. To made the comparison the specimens with the same transom – mullion structure were tested in two configurations and with two filling solutions – with profiles filled only in the middle part and with fully filled profiles.

FIRE RESISTANCE OF ALUMINIUM GLAZED CURTAIN WALLS, Test results comparison depending on the side of fire exposure

This paper discusses the main issues related to the fire resistance of aluminium glazed curtain walls including the tests methodology and way of classification of this type of building elements. Moreover, the paper presents the comparison of fire resistance test results of large test specimens of curtain walls in full configuration depending on the side of fire exposure. Temperature rises have been compared on unexposed surface of the curtain walls tested for standard and external fire exposure. To made the comparison four test specimens of glazed aluminium curtain walls in full configuration, were tested. Curtain walls had the same transom – mullion structure. Two test specimens were tested for external fire exposure, and two for standard fire exposure. Dimensions of exposed surfaces were 5000 x 4500 mm (width x height) for external fire exposure and 5000 x 4800 mm (width x height) for internal fire exposure.

Fire resistance tests of large glazed aluminium curtain wall test specimens – results comparison

Four test specimens, glazed aluminium curtain walls in full configuration, were tested. Curtain walls had the same transom – mullion structure, with: • transoms and mullions made of the same aluminium profiles, with two types of insulation inserts (in each test one type of the insulation inserts), • glass panes of the same glass product group and dimensions of: ◦ 1680× 3198mm (width × height) for biggest glass pane orientated vertically, ◦ 1980× 1628mm (width × height) for biggest glass pane orientated horizontally. • non-transparent panels of the same construction and dimensions, • similar design (profiles, and consequently glass panes and panels of the same construction on the exposed area). Two test specimens were tested for external fire exposure, and two for standard fire exposure. Dimensions of exposed surfaces were 5000× 4500mm (width × height) for external fire exposure and 5000× 4800mm (width × height) for internal fire exposure. As a result the heated area was over 2 times greater than the minimum heated area required in EN 1364-3:2006 [3]. The distance between the mullion fixing anchors was 5000mm in both cases. All tested specimens were of the same transom – mullion structure with aluminium profiles sections of 50× 115mm (transoms) and 50× 130mm (mullions), fig. 1. Two types of insulations inserts were used in profiles, each type for pair of tests (external and internal fire exposure). Two types of glass panes were used in test specimens, each type for pair of tests (external and internal fire exposure). Glass panes were of symmetrical structure.

Peridotites and gabbros from the Parece Vela backarc basin: Unique tectonic window in an extinct backarc spreading ridge

Peridotite samples from a backarc basin setting will help better understand global mid‐oceanic ridge processes. Here we report detailed petrological data of serpentinized peridotite and gabbro from the extinct Parece Vela Basin in the Philippine Sea. Despite its relatively fast spreading rate (8.8–7.0 cm/y full‐rate), the Parece Vela Basin spreading ridge (the Parece Vela Rift) has the distinct morpho‐tectonic characteristics that indicate a small degree of mantle melting, including the presence of a huge mullion structure (the Godzilla Mullion). Peridotites in the Parece Vela Rift are exposed on the Godzilla Mullion as well as at a segment midpoint. The most notable characteristic of Parece Vela Rift peridotites is small‐scale juxtaposition (i.e., a single‐dredge‐haul scale) of fertile peridotite and depleted peridotite (dunite and plagioclase‐bearing peridotite). We interpret that the fertile peridotite (F‐type) is the residue of a small degree of mantle melting (∼4% near‐fractional melting of a MORB‐type mantle), whereas dunite (D‐type) and plagioclase‐bearing peridotite (P‐type) are products of melt‐mantle interaction. The associated evolved gabbros may represent the shallow level fractionated melt intruded into P‐type. The distinct morpho‐tectonic characteristics, peridotite exposure at a segment midpoint, and the presence of fertile peridotite may result from an extreme transform fault effect caused by the ridge‐transform geometry of short first‐order segments sandwiched by closely spaced fracture zones (“transform sandwich effect”).

Giant Megamullion in the Parece Vela Backarc Basin

We present results of high-resolution bathymetric studies of the extinct intermediate-spreading Parece Vela Basin in the northwestern Pacific, where we have identified an extremely large mullion structure, here termed a giant megamullion. We find that the giant megamullion is nearly an order of magnitude larger than the similar structures in the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge (`megamullions'). The giant megamullion has slightly elevated mantle Bouguer anomaly, and yields serpentinized peridotites and gabbros, suggesting that they are exposing oceanic crust and upper mantle. An off-axis rugged `chaotic terrain' was also identified in the Parece Vela Basin. The terrain consists of isolated and elevated blocks capped by corrugated axis-normal lineations, and associated deeps. We thus interpret it as analogues to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge megamullions. We propose that amagmatic tectonics producing the giant megamullion and the chaotic terrain occupied a significant part in crustal construction in the Parece Vela Basin evolution.

Megamullions and mullion structure defining oceanic metamorphic core complexes on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge

In a study of geological and geophysical data from the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, we have identified 17 large, domed edifices (megamullions) that have surfaces corrugated by distinctive mullion structure and that are developed within inside‐corner tectonic settings at ends of spreading segments. The edifices have elevated residual gravity anomalies, and limited sampling has recovered gabbros and serpentinites, suggesting that they expose extensive cross sections of the oceanic crust and upper mantle. Oceanic megamullions are comparable to continental metamorphic core complexes in scale and structure, and they may originate by similar processes. The megamullions are interpreted to be rotated footwall blocks of low‐angle detachment faults, and they provide the best evidence to date for the common development and longevity (∼1–2 m.y.) of such faults in ocean crust. Prolonged slip on a detachment fault probably occurs when a spreading segment experiences a lengthy phase of relatively amagmatic extension. During these periods it is easier to maintain slip on an existing fault at the segment end than it is to break a new fault in the strong rift‐valley lithosphere; slip on the detachment fault probably is facilitated by fault weakening related to deep lithospheric changes in deformation mechanism and mantle serpentinization. At the segment center, minor, episodic magmatism may continue to weaken the axial lithosphere and thus sustain inward jumping of faults. A detachment fault will be terminated when magmatism becomes robust enough to reach the segment end, weaken the axial lithosphere, and promote inward fault jumps there. This mechanism may be generally important in controlling the longevity of normal faults at segment ends and thus in accounting for variable and intermittent development of inside‐corner highs.

Structural analysis of sheath folds with horizontal X-axes, northeast Canada

Early Proterozoic supracrustal rocks occur below a thick nappe of Archaean basement gneiss in the Melville Peninsula where sheath folds are exposed in a wide zone of middle Proterozoic dynamothermal metamorphism. Outcrop patterns of truncated isoclinal sheath folds resemble cylindrical folds except in relatively small areas around the paraboloidal caps. Bulk extension axes are parallel to strike in the belt as shown by isoclinal sheath folds with horizontal central axes ( X-axes), as well as similarly aligned mullion structure and rotated scapolite prisms. Extension axes converge from northeast to southwest in the apparent flow direction.

Unified theory of the onset of folding, boudinage, and mullion structure: Discussion and reply

Unified theory of the onset of folding, boudinage, and mullion structure: Discussion and reply

Unified theory of the onset of folding, boudinage, and mullion structure: Discussion and reply

Unified theory of the onset of folding, boudinage, and mullion structure: Discussion and reply

Unified theory of the onset of folding, boudinage, and mullion structure

A mathematical study of the flow of a layered fluid shows that homogeneous pure shear aligned with the bedding is a “possible” state of motion in the sense that it is an exact solution to the governing equation. In the case of a single layer of a Newtonian material between two thick layers of different viscosity, such a state of motion is unstable to small disturbances. The growing disturbances have foldlike or pinch-and-swell form, depending on whether the applied compression is parallel or perpendicular to the layering and on whether the layer is more or less resistant to deformation than the surrounding rock. The combination of these two factors gives four distinct cases. One of these, labeled inverse folding, is of no interest because its growth rate is too small. The other three cases correspond qualitatively to folding, boudinage, and mullions. This result suggests that these three geologic structures are caused by the same mechanism: a secondary flow driven by an interfacial discontinuity in normal stress.

Contemporaneous development of mullions and hornblende lineations in divergent directions

A mullion structure is described from a several meter thick amphibolite from the Precambrian bedrock of south-eastern Norway. The mullion axes deviate about 60–700 from the fold axis defined in the amphibolite by the constructed intersection of foliation planes. The fold axis is also reflected in the lineated hornblende grains. The orientation of the mullion axes is parallel to the trace of the amphibolite foliation on the mullioned surface. It is concluded that the mullions were formed on a discordant surface (probably a fracture surface) in responce to movement along the intersecting foliation planes at the same time as the hornblende lineation was developed.

Geology of the Kalamazoo orebody, San Manuel District, Arizona

Discovery of the orebody, a faulted segment of the San Manuel orebody, was based on recognition of: (1) a zonal pattern in which ore is marginal to a low-grade core with potassic alterations--the zone of highest intensity; (2) evidence for post-mineralization tilting of 45 degrees or more; (3) large-scale mullion structure on the tilted San Manuel fault that indicated the direction of offset.

Mullion and Boudinage Structure in Coryton Slate Quarry, near Okehampton, Devonshire

AbstractBedding mullions have been produced by compression parallel to bedding in the hinge region of a large recumbent fold. Geometrically, the mullions are a combination of parasitic folding, with characteristic gadrooned profile, and cleavage planes. The cleavage is not an axial plane structure, but where fully developed produces a perfect slate fabric in rocks of appropriate lithology. The mullions are found on both sides of a bed of inferior slate sandwiched between two beds of good roofing slate. Boudinage structure results where the mullions are exactly back to back, and the planes of separation provided by the cleavage are infilled with coarse calcite. The slates are interbedded and interlaminated with limestone.Such boudins are unusual in that they occupy the hinge region of a fold and result from compression parallel, rather than at right angles, to the bedding.