Mud Blocks Research Articles

Rebuilding a traditional village house using the carbon footprint approach

Houses in villages that are traditionally built with locally available materials like wood, mud, and stones are nowadays being demolished and reconstructed. The current trend has been to adopt framed construction with reinforced cement concrete and red bricks as the main materials. This is going to have a significant environmental impact and needs to be addressed with critical observations. This study was conducted for a local village in Tripura state, India, where a new house for the economically weaker section was constructed using stabilized mud blocks and bamboo as a model house. The main objective was to investigate the environmental impact of the transformation of a traditional house constructed out of locally available materials versus masonry and concrete houses. The impact has been represented as the difference in the Carbon footprint of the two houses based on the LCA approach. It was found that the total carbon footprint of the house built with locally available bamboo and stabilized mud bricks having a built up area of 25 m2 was 9.599 tons, 11.736 tons, and 11.401 tons of CO2 eq lower in landfilling, waste treatment and circular economy, respectively, as compared to concrete and masonry houses, and it has the potential to reduce the life cycle impact of the production stage to be almost neutral.

Environmental impact analysis of geopolymer based red mud paving blocks

Red mud is a by-product from alumina industry. Global production of red mud was around 369 million tons in 2023, and India contributed over 6% of total. Landfilling of red mud may leach out heavy metals to soil and water, which could have negative consequences for the ecosystem. Incorporating the red mud in a geopolymer matrix is a safe option. This paper aims to analyse the environmental impact of the 1.0 m3 red mud containing geopolymer paving blocks using GaBi (Indian extension database) software. The data used for the analysis was generated from the studies conducted in continuous geopolymer pilot plant (10 tons/day). The analysis shows the major contributions from alkali activators and electricity. Red mud paving blocks exhibit global warming potential (275 kg CO2 eq.), human toxicity (51.7 kg DCB eq.), and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (0.441 kg DCB eq.). Red mud blocks have similar acidification (1.65 kg SO2 eq.) and abiotic depletion potential (fossil) (3080 MJ) on comparison with cement paving blocks. Red mud geopolymer paving blocks offer a sustainable alternative with the reduced environmental footprint compared to conventional methods.

Review on Investigating Soil Stabilized Mud Blocks with Combined C&D Waste

Buildings built by ancient civilizations like the Mesopotamians and Egyptians were made of clay and other materials, and the use of stabilized soil for construction dates to those times. On the other hand, the scientific underpinnings of soil stabilization were not established until the early 1900s. In comparison to conventional building materials, the use of stabilized soil-based construction materials, such as soil stabilized mud blocks, can offer several advantages, such as improved strength and durability, less of an adverse effect on the environment, and lower costs. The world is facing an issue that calls for the disposal of inorganic solid waste to be addressed right away. This solid waste that is produced when old buildings are demolished is frequently classified as industrial waste or C&D waste. In India alone, enormous amounts of waste are produced, very little of which is recycled. When modifying the properties of stabilized soil, this C&D waste can be used in place of soil or quarry sand. This work explores the use of a stabilizing agent in conjunction with combined C&D waste for soil sampling. The studies use combined C&D waste and soil stabilized mud blocks to test the hollow blocks' water absorption capacity and strength for various replacements. The materials needed for the study came from nearby structures that had been demolished. Using mortar, cylindrical samples for 32 different ratios of mixed construction and demolition waste with a 9% cement content were cast for various compositions. To determine whether the stabilized samples were suitable for use in construction, tests were conducted on their compressive strength and water absorption properties. Based on the least compressive values found in cylindrical samples, the C&D waste was used in ratios ranging from 0% to 100% in place of soil. Mud blocks stabilized by soil were poured and examined for durability, strength, and mechanical qualities. In this study, an effort was made to use C&D waste—that is, brick and concrete waste—in varying amounts to create cylindrical samples that could be used to create concrete and stabilized mud blocks. In order to create cylindrical samples, different ratios of brick waste, concrete waste, and brick-concrete waste were used for 23 mix proportions. Cylindrical samples were manufactured using a cement content of 9 and 12%. These samples' mechanical and physical characteristics, such as their compressive strength, water absorption capacity, and initial rate of absorption, were investigated.

PRODUCTION OF PLASTIC INCORPORATED CONCRETE AND STABILIZED MUD BLOCK

Rapidly escalating plastic consumption has led to a significant surge in plastic waste, causing notable repercussions for environmental well-being due to the non-biodegradable nature of plastics. In order to mitigate the environmental impact of plastic, it is imperative to explore alternative approaches to recycling plastic. In the present day, several industries repurpose plastic waste to create a wide array of products, including domestic items, clothing, household materials, textiles, construction elements, and even convert waste plastic into fuel. Among these options, the utilization of plastic waste in the creation of building materials has garnered significant focus. This practice not only reduces the amount of plastic waste discarded as litter or sent to landfills but also diminishes the necessity for mining raw materials used in construction. This, in turn, contributes to mitigating the adverse environmental impacts associated with the construction industry. Within this endeavor, the initiative involves partially substituting plastic waste for the fine aggregate in both concrete blocks and stabilized mud blocks. A comparative analysis is conducted between the compressive strength of these integrated plastic blocks and conventional standard blocks. The outcomes unequivocally demonstrate the viability of recycling plastic waste in a constructive manner, achieved through the incorporation of waste plastics in the production of building blocks. Notably, incorporating plastic waste by approximately 3%-6% to replace fine aggregates in Fly-Ash blocks results in enhanced strength compared to regular Fly-Ash blocks

Production and characteristics of stabilised interlocking mud blocks

This paper presents an ideology over physical and mechanical properties of interlocking and non interlocking stabilised mud blocks. These properties are useful to assess the performance and behaviour of load bearing masonry structures. This paper also compares the results of both non interlocking solid stabilised mud blocks (NSMB) of size 230 X 190 X 100 mm and interlocking solid stabilised mud blocks (ISMB) of sizes 230 X 190 X 80 and 230 X 190 X 70 mm. These blocks are tested for block density, Initial rate of water absorption, water absorption, wet compressive strength, flexural strength and Modulus of Elasticity. From the results obtained it has been found that shape and depth of interlocking has significant effect on properties of blocks. Flexural strength of 20mm (ISMB 20) and 30mm (ISMB 30) depth interlocking solid stabilised mud blocks produced are very much comparable with NSMB. Flexural strength of ISMB’s has been tested in both the directions of interlocking effects of blocks which has given satisfactory results. This test shows that Shape considered for interlocking blocks do bond well with filler materials. Mechanical and physical properties of both ISMB and NSMB have exceeded the minimum requirements of blocks as per codal provisions.

Evaluation of Properties for Making of Bricks by Using Granite Sludge Powder

Numerous issues arise from the discharge of waste materials. The primary issues are the spot involved by locales of capacity, significance of expenses and the natural effect. The primary objective of this preliminary work is to investigate the possibility of using stone waste as a substitute for raw materials in the production of granite sludge bricks. The exhibition of the Rock ooze block's compressive strength and a correlation of it with the ordinary dirt blocks. Clay,water,sand ,fly ash,cement, and other components make up granite sludge brick. Due to its lower cost and higher compressive strength in comparison to other bricks, its wides preaduse may become an important criterion for evaluation. Granite sludge bricks have been the subject of numerous experiments, and the results indicate that they lack compressive strength. As a result, numerous tests on the granite sludge brick's strength using various additional materials were carried out.These various additions might include fly ash, clay, cement, s and, and soon, the alterations ingranitesl udge bricks' compressive strength caused by these various additional materials.The granite bricks have a moisture content of 20% and measure 22 cm by 10 cm by 7 cm. Hence we involved a modest material for the streng thin rock ooze block. Where they have extra pieces in development, so we involved them in mud blocks. Granites ludge bricks performed better than conventional bricks, as demonstrated by the findings. Clay was added to the mixture in weight amounts of 10%,20%,30%,40%, and 50%.Test for water absorption and compressive strength.

Experimental study on strength behaviour of geofibre reinforced stabilized mud blocks using industrial by-products

The unpredictable infrastructural development is driving to rapid environmental pollution. Burnt bricks and Cement concrete blocks have been extensively used in the construction all over the world. The problem associated with the use of these type of blocks are high carbon foot prints. Soil is having very good thermal insulating properties and strength. Therefore, the usage of soil as a construction material results in economical construction. The use of stabilized mud blocks by replacing conventional fired bricks and concrete blocks reduces carbon foot prints. The methodology used for the preparation of these type of blocks are relatively simple and does not require skilled labours. In the current research work, the compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEB) are prepared by using industrial by-product such as Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The other stabilizing agents such as lime and Polypropylene Geofibers are used in various proportion along with soil. Important geotechnical tests are conducted on oven dried earth in accordance with Indian standard (IS-2720) to classify and characterize the properties of the soil. The compaction parameters such as maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) for various mix proportion of soil with Lime, GGBS, Geo-fibers is determined. It is observed that for every increment of GGBS and polypropylene geofibre percentage resulted in increased MDD and decreased OMC. The blocks are prepared for the optimum combination. Tests were conducted on these air-dried samples in order to evaluate their performance such as compressive strength and water absorption. The results obtained shown 40% to 50% increased compressive strength compared to burnt bricks. The usage of locally available soil and industrial by-product without cement forms cost-effective and environment friendly building material.

Employment generation opportunities in fluorosis affected rural areas in India: Production of cement stabilized mud blocks using sludge from MgO-CaO-MgCl2-HCl and activated alumina based defluoridation filters

Abstract Cement stabilized blocks can be made from waste sludge generated from Activated Alumina and MgO-CaO-MgCl2-HCl based defluoridation filters. The waste sludge is mixed with sand, cement and water are shaped in form of blocks using a mud block making machine. This requires semi-skilled and unskilled labourers and thus can be used for employment generation in places which are affected by fluoride in rural India. The paper discusses the process and manpower requirement for this venture.

Experimental Study on the Compressive Strength of Masonry Blocks with Geopolymer Mortar

Masonry units are the major building materials used in construction work. There are several masonry units available in the market today. Some of the widely used masonry units are burnt clay bricks, concrete blocks, fly ash blocks, compressed stabilized soil/earth blocks, geopolymer mud blocks, geopolymer concrete blocks, and so on. These blocks are used for the construction of load bearing structure. To bond two masonry units together, mortar plays a vital role. Fly ash based geopolymer mortar has been used in this study. The strength of masonry units namely bricks, concrete blocks and stabilized geopolymer blocks masonry with geopolymer mortar has been individually studied and the results have been tabulated. From this study, it was found that the stabilized geopolymer mud blocks are suitable in the construction of load bearing walls and for other structural purposes. The failure pattern revealed visible vertical fissures and ultimately spalling of brick prism blocks.

Use of sisal fiber and cement to improve load bearing capacity of mud blocks

Using soil as a construction material for masonry works have been indigenous technology. The present research investigates on use of sisal fibres and cement additives to enhance compressive strength of properties of mud block to advance traditional native knowledge and meet current construction material standard qualities. An experiment with total of twenty-four mixes consisting of 96 blocks was designed with mixes of 0% to 15% cement; 0% to 1.25% sisal fiber proportional to clay soil dry mass. At 28 days, compressive strength and density tests were performed as per ASTM standards. Test results showed use of sisal fibers and cement increased compressive strength of mud blocks up to 210.1%. Optimum mix design for enhanced mud block compressive strength performance were 10% cement and 1% sisal fiber composition.

Laboratory and experimental hut trial evaluation of VECTRON ™ T500 for indoor residual spraying (IRS) against insecticide resistant malaria vectors in Burkina Faso.

Background: Malaria cases in some areas could be attributed to vector resistant to the insecticide. World Health Organization recommended insecticides for vector control are limited in number. It is essential to find rotational partners for existing Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) products. VECTRON ™ T500 is a novel insecticide with broflanilide as active ingredient. It has a mode of action on mosquitoes completely different to usually used. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum effective dose and efficacy of VECTRON TMT500 against susceptible and resistant strains of Anopheles in Burkina Faso. Methods: VECTRON™T500 was sprayed at 50, 100 and 200 mg/m² doses onto mud and concrete blocks using Potter Spray Tower. The residual activity of broflanilide was assessed through cone bioassays 1 week and then monthly up to 14 months post spraying. Its efficacy was evaluated at 100 and 150 mg/m² against wild free-flying mosquitoes in experimental huts on both substrates. Actellic 300CS was applied at 1000 mg/m² as reference product. Cone assays were conducted monthly, using susceptible and resistant mosquito strains. Results: In the laboratory, VECTRON ™T500 showed residual efficacy (≥80% mortality) on An. gambiae Kisumu up to 12 and 14 months, respectively, on concrete and mud blocks. Similar results were found with 100 and 200 mg/m² using An. coluzzii pyrethroid resistant strain. In experimental huts, a total of 19,552 An. gambiae s.l. were collected. Deterrence, blood-feeding inhibition and exophily with VECTRON™ treated huts were very low. At 100 and 150 mg/m², mortality of wild An. gambiae s.l. ranged between 55% and 73%. Monthly cone bioassay mortality remained >80% up to 9 months. Conclusions: VECTRON™ T500 shows great potential as IRS formulation for malaria vector control. It can be added to the arsenal of IRS products for use in rotations to control malaria and manage mosquito insecticide resistance.

Laboratory and experimental hut trial evaluation of VECTRON ™ T500 for indoor residual spraying (IRS) against insecticide resistant malaria vectors in Burkina Faso

Background: Malaria cases in some areas could be attributed to vector resistant to the insecticide. World Health Organization recommended insecticides for vector control are limited in number. It is essential to find rotational partners for existing Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) products. VECTRON ™ T500 is a novel insecticide with broflanilide as active ingredient. It has a mode of action on mosquitoes completely different to usually used. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum effective dose and efficacy of VECTRON TM T500 against susceptible and resistant strains of Anopheles in Burkina Faso. Methods: VECTRON™T500 was sprayed at 50, 100 and 200 mg/m² doses onto mud and concrete blocks using Potter Spray Tower. The residual activity of broflanilide was assessed through cone bioassays 1 week and then monthly up to 14 months post spraying. Its efficacy was evaluated at 100 and 150 mg/m² against wild free-flying mosquitoes in experimental huts on both substrates. Actellic 300CS was applied at 1000 mg/m² as reference product. Cone assays were conducted monthly, using susceptible and resistant mosquito strains. Results: In the laboratory, VECTRON ™ T500 showed residual efficacy (≥80% mortality) on An. gambiae Kisumu up to 12 and 14 months, respectively, on concrete and mud blocks. Similar results were found with 100 and 200 mg/m² using An. coluzzii pyrethroid resistant strain. In experimental huts, a total of 19,552 An. gambiae s.l. were collected. Deterrence, blood-feeding inhibition and exophily with VECTRON™ treated huts were very low. At 100 and 150 mg/m², mortality of wild An. gambiae s.l. ranged between 55% and 73%. Monthly cone bioassay mortality remained >80% up to 9 months. Conclusions: VECTRON™ T500 shows great potential as IRS formulation for malaria vector control. It can be added to the arsenal of IRS products for use in rotations to control malaria and manage mosquito insecticide resistance.

Nest preference and ecology of cavity-nesting bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in Punjab, Pakistan

• Artificial nest boxes, an effective tool for nesting and conservation of bees. • Colonization of bees helpful in studying ecology and nesting biology. • The efficacy of nest boxes depends on nesting materials and dimensions of cavities. • Bamboo and drilled wooden log is the most preferred nesting material. • Six bee species along with one parasitic bee did nesting in our nesting materials. Among bees, 85 % are solitary species, most of them are ground-nester and some are cavity-nesting and construct their nests in pre-existing cavities. This work was conducted to evaluate the substrate preference and nest architecture (acceptance, occupation percentage, seasonality and parasitism) of cavity-nesting bees in different substrates. Trap nests offered comprised five different materials (drilled cavities in wood, bamboo, cardboard tubes, plastic soda straws, and mud blocks). These were installed in four districts for two years. The nesting cavities of five different diameters (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm) were provided in each nesting material with an average length of 180 ± 9.92 mm. In all the materials, 5400 nesting cavities were offered, out of which 628 were colonized by bees from two families (Megachilidae and Apidae) and six species ( Megachile cephalotes, M. lanata, M. bicolor, Xylocopa basalis, X. fenestrata and Ceratina smaragdula ), including one parasitic bee ( Euaspis carbonaria ). The bee species differed significantly in occupying five nesting materials. The most preferred diameters were 8 mm and 10 mm, with 52.20% and 29.45% of colonization, respectively. Nesting was done throughout the year except in winter. This study will serve as a baseline for future studies and conservation programs of cavity-nesting bees in Pakistan.

Effects of untreated oil-palm fruit fibre reinforcements on the strength and durability properties of non-fired pressed mud blocks

This study investigated the effects of untreated oil palm-nut fibre reinforcements on the strength and durability properties of non-fired pressed mud blocks. Different proportions of untreated oil palm-nut fibre from 1% to 5% by weight of the blocks were incorporated into already characterized soil samples and used to produce blocks. Blocks containing 0% fibre were used as the control. The effects of the incorporated fibres were examined in terms of density, water absorption ratio, and compressive strength of the produced blocks. The water absorption of the blocks increased linearly with an increase in fibre content as the control exhibited the least water absorption of 7.9%. The density of the blocks decreased with an increase in fibre content. Block sample containing 5% fibre had the least density of 1644.44kg/m3 as compared to the control with density of 1866.66 kg/m3. The addition of untreated oil palm-nut fibre reinforcements to the block increased its compressive strength up to 3% fibre addition where the maximum strength (1.91N/mm2) was observed. Beyond 3% fibre addition, the compressive strength decreased. Results obtained indicate that untreated oil palm-nut fibre reinforced earth block is a sustainable building material. This study recommends 3% fibre addition to attain optimum strength results and dissuades the use of fibres to reinforce mud blocks in high humidity environments.

Laboratory and experimental hut trial evaluation of VECTRON™ T500 for indoor residual spraying (IRS) against insecticide resistant malaria vectors in Burkina Faso

Background: Malaria cases in some areas could be attributed to vector resistant to the insecticide. World Health Organization recommended insecticides for vector control are limited in number. It is essential to find rotational partners for existing Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) products. VECTRON™ T500 is a novel insecticide with broflanilide as active ingredient. It has a mode of action on mosquitoes completely different to usually used. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum effective dose and efficacy of VECTRONTM against susceptible and resistant strains of Anopheles in Burkina Faso. Methods: VECTRON™ was sprayed at 50, 100 and 200 mg/m² doses onto mud and concrete blocks using Potter Spray Tower. The residual activity of broflanilide was assessed through cone bioassays 1 week and then monthly up to 14 months post spraying. Its efficacy was evaluated at 100 and 150 mg/m² against wild free-flying mosquitoes in experimental huts on both substrates. Actellic 300CS was applied at 1000 mg/m² as reference product. Cone assays were conducted monthly, using susceptible and resistant mosquito strains. Results: In the laboratory, VECTRON™ showed residual efficacy (≥80% mortality) on An. gambiae Kisumu up to 12 and 14 months, respectively, on concrete and mud blocks. Similar results were found with 100 and 200 mg/m² using An. coluzzii pyrethroid resistant strain. In experimental huts, a total of 19,552 An. gambiae s.l. were collected. Deterrence, blood-feeding inhibition and exophily with VECTRON™ treated huts were very low. At 100 and 150 mg/m², mortality of wild An. gambiae s.l. ranged between 55% and 73%. Monthly cone bioassay mortality remained >80% up to 9 months. Conclusions: VECTRON™ shows great potential as IRS formulation for malaria vector control. It can be added to the arsenal of IRS products for use in rotations to control malaria and manage mosquito insecticide resistance.

Enhancement of the Properties of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks through the Replacement of Clay and Silt with Fly Ash

The use of earth as a building material, in different forms, such as unburnt and burnt bricks, rammed earth, mud blocks, and soil blocks, is a common practice globally. This study is focused on soil blocks stabilized with cement which are referred to as Cement Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEBs). The strength and durability of CSEBs are primarily governed by the amount of silt and clay content (finer) in the soil. Many researchers have shown that low finer content improves the properties of CSEB and they have altered the finer content by adding different additives. The current study used a washing method to reduce the finer content and fly ash was utilized as finer to re-fill the soil to the required finer content amount. Also, soil grading was modified by adding larger particles that were separated from the same soil to fit the soil grading to the optimization curves mentioned in the literature. The finer content was changed to 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. Blocks were made by stabilizing the soil with 6%, 8%, and 10% cement and with the size of 150mm×150mm×150mm. The results revealed that fly ash addition up to 10% improves the properties of CSEBs and compressive strength changes from 4.28N/mm2 to 13.43N/mm2.

Namal Institute: A Mission for Rural Uplift, Sustainable Development, and Social Impact

Namal Institute was established by Mr. Imran Khan, a famous philanthropist and the current Prime Minister of Pakistan, with a mission for rural uplift and development through educating bright youth and offering innovative solutions to rural challenges through research by highly trained academics. The majority of the Namal’s students belong to rural areas, and 97% of them secured scholarship either due to meritorious educational background or being unable to afford education (i.e., needbased scholarship). To ensure quality, Namal has kept a student-faculty ratio of 10:1. It is one of the pioneering institutes focusing on Agribusiness and Agri-tech education in Pakistan. It has a beautiful campus comprising of 1000 Acres land located in the Salt Range in an area consisting of hills and crags overlooking Namal Lake in the Mianwali District. To foster its sustainability efforts, Namal has planted an olive garden on an area of 4 acres. Recently, two new blocks have been constructed using environmentfriendly material (e.g., mud blocks, solar-powered LED lights, etc.). Various student societies in Namal Institute have also taken different environmental and social initiatives in the rural area. Primarily during the corona pandemic, the Namal Society for Social Impact (NSSI) has managed to deliver ration packages to the deserving low-income families of the rural area. The medical and administrative staff has distributed essential protection material to the hospitals/doctors in the rural area.

Strength and durability features of fiber reinforced geo-polymer earth bricks

ABSTRACT Merely 30% of the world and 50% of developing countries have buildings made of earth. More than 25% of the world’s available natural soil resources are used effectively. The parameters related to the soil are probably the most critical problem for both strength and long-term durability. An attempt tried to solve, Geo-Polymer Earth Bricks are made to improve strength, durability, and modernize earthen architecture. Seventy-two specimens in which the proportion of Fly Ash, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag, soil, and Quarry Dust (0.5:0.5:1.75:0.25) are prepared and tested after 7 and 28 days. The dosages of coir fiber are selected as 1% of the brick weight and alkaline solution of 10 Molarities. The mix gives enhancement of compressive and flexural strength of 5.93 MPa and 3.43 MPa. The mixed formulations give better resistance against acidic and sulfate attack and enhanced compressive strength up to 40%. The standard deviation and coefficient of variation of brick specimen test results for the mix met less than ±2% and 10% found true value and very good. This research confirms the mix enhancing the strength and durability of the brick and also suggests alternate to burnt clay brick, acid, and sulphate resistant brick and stabilized mud blocks.

A Study on Polymeric Fibre Reinforced Stabilized Mud Blocks

It is a known fact that mud blocks casted out of black cotton soil have poor damage resistance due to clayey, brittle and weak nature of the black cotton soil. In order to improve the strength of the cotton soil based mud blocks, additives such as polypropylene filament, polypropylene flakes and poly styrene fibres have been used in addition to a natural binder namely Terminalia chebula. By varying the percentage of the additives and as also soil, sand and lime various fibre reinforced blocks are made. The as-prepared reinforced mud blocks on analysis were found to possess a maximum strength of 13.75MPa when polypropylene was added as a additive. The study revealed that the addition of polymeric additives with the use of Terminalia chebula resulted in reinforcement of the stabilised mud blocks with enhanced strength and durability.

Effect of fly ash and GGBS on lime stabilized mud block

Mud blocks have been in consideration for replacement for bricks and cement concrete blocks in the last decade. Mud blocks are advantageous because they use very less cement thereby reducing the carbon foot print left by the process of manufacturing cement. The major problem that comes with Stabilized mud blocks is their compressive strength is very low. This paper works on finding the effect of Fly ash and GGBS on Lime stabilized mud block, thereby producing innovative stabilized mud block. Fly ash and GGBS are industrial wastes. Lime was taken to be 5% and Fly ash and GGBS ratios were varied from 0 to 10% with incremental percentages of 2%. It was found that as Fly ash and GGBS concentrations increased the compressive strength of the blocks increased. Effect of GGBS increment on the wet compressive strength was more than the effect of Fly ash. Water absorption test also was conducted along with compressive strength. It was found that Fly ash plays a major role in the water absorption rates compared to GGBS on lime stabilized mud block, it might be attributed to the fly- ash’s nature of forming effective cementitious materials with lime to reduce the interconnectivity of the pores.