Mud Baths Research Articles

Naturopathic Interventions for Reduction of Perceived Pain in Patients Suffering from Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Arthritis affects millions of lives with its pervasive effects on physical health and quality of life. Addressing the complexities of managing symptoms such as swelling, inflammation, and pain requires prolonged treatment. Naturopathy is a treatment method that enhances the body's innate ability to restoreoptimal health through a holistic approach including natural products and lifestyle modifications. This systematic review addresses the intersection of naturopathy and arthritis treatment to provide current evidence about its potential benefits. Four databases (PubMed, AYUSH Research Portal, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched with the keywords "Naturopathy" AND "Arthritis". Randomized, non-randomized, and cross-over studies in English were included. Studies reporting perceived pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS) were selected for meta-analysis. A total of 15 studies were included in the systematic review. The studies were from Denmark, Egypt, France, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Spain, and Turkey, and the study periods ranged from 1992 to 2017. They suggested that naturopathic treatment modalities like exercise, mud compress, sand bath, or hydrotherapy may be used in addition to conventional modes of treatment for added benefit. There was a diversity of naturopathic treatment modalities and outcome evaluation methods. Most studies used mud compress or mud baths with reported improvement of symptoms. The meta-analysis of 10 studies (11 sets of data) showed a significant improvement in pain measured by VAS. The studies included in the review have a high level of heterogenicity. There is a need for more studies and uniform assessment methods with standardization of interventions for robust evidence. More clinical trials from countries where naturopathy is approved treatment modalities are needed.

Efficacy of balneotherapy on pain, function, and sleep quality in patients with chronic low-back pain: a prospective observational study.

The aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the efficacy of a cycle of sulfate-arsenical-ferruginous mud bath therapy on pain, function, and sleep quality in patients with chronic low-back pain (CLBP). One hundred twenty-three patients treated at Levico Spa Center (Italy) with 12 daily local mud packs and generalized thermal baths were included in this experience. General medical assessments were performed before starting the therapy, at the end of the treatment, and 3months later. Pain intensity and stiffness were measured by a 0 to 10cm visual analogue scale (VAS); the range of mobility of the lumbar spine was evaluated using the Schober test and functional disability by the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDI). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep quality. The VAS score for pain and stiffness showed a significant reduction (p < 0.0001) at the end of the treatment persisting for 3months of follow-up. Similarly, a significant improvement was found for the Schober test and RMDQ. Finally, we showed a significant decrease of PSQI score at the end of the cycle of mud bath and at 3months of follow-up. The Spearman analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the score of PSQI and VAS pain, VAS stiffness, and RMDQ. In conclusion, this preliminary study confirms the beneficial and long-term efficacy of balneotherapy on pain and function and, for the first one, shows the positive effect on quality of sleep in patients with CLBP treated with a cycle of mud bath therapy.

Clean Water Media Eel Enlargement and Breeding Training as an Effort to Increase the Entrepreneurial Capacity of the Paya Geli Village Community

Paya Geli Village is a village located in Sunggal District, North Sumatra Province and has good geographical conditions for the development of the agricultural sector, especially freshwater fish. The availability of abundant and easily available clean water has become a strength in the development of the freshwater fish industry in this village. The process of eel cultivation which does not require a lot of equipment and care as well as a large area of ​​land is the main attraction in terms of its development potential. Paya Geli village community. The people of Paya Geli Village only use a conventional cultivation system where the eels are simply left in a mud bath and fed with leftover food. The use of the conventional system will not only have a small impact on productivity but will also encourage a bad and dirty paradigm for the eel consumer society. The solution to this problem is the use of eel cultivation methods with clean water media and partial harvests which will not only increase productivity but also make it easier to control and harvest according to the specifications desired by the market. It is hoped that this service activity will not only increase the productivity of eel cultivation but also become a new source of driving the economy of the Paya Geli Village community and expand employment opportunities through eel farming entrepreneurial activities.

Metakomunikasi dalam Fenomena Mengemis Online di Media Sosial Tiktok

This article aims to see how metacommunication in the phenomenon of online begging on TikTok social media. TikTok is one of the social media that is currently popular. Like other social media, TikTok should be used to interact virtually between one person and another. Researchers found the phenomenon of changes in meaning in the use of TikTok social media by several individuals. Some of the people in question use TikTok to beg online. This of course makes the meaning of social media change meaning. The problem is focused on the metacommunication that occurs on TikTok social media, which is currently found in many online begging phenomena. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using literature studies from several journals. This study concludes that metacommunication has occurred on TikTok social media where TikTok, which is known as a social media for interacting in cyberspace, has changed its meaning to become a place to carry out begging activities. The things that online begging actors do are dancing, sleeping in the garden and even taking a mud bath if someone gives a gift with various characters as a form of digital substitute for money with different amounts. Researchers also found that the mention of online begging activities with "Challenge Merchants" or "Non-Playable Character live streaming".

Variation of serum serotonin values under specific peloidotherapy in patients with degenerative pathology of the lumbar spine

Serotonin is well known to be involved in the mediation of cognitive processes, but also in the regulation of multiple distinct physiological processes, such as pain. It is also involved in the modulation of nociception of the endogenous analgesic system. Among the monoamine neurotransmitters, serotonin plays an important role in signaling chronic pain, hence the importance of its monitoring in lumbar pain due to degenerative pathology, one of the common cause of this kind of pain. The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of peloidotherapy on the variation of serum serotonin levels in patients with degenerative low back pain. In our study, conducted in Balneal and Rehabilitation Sanatorium of Techirghiol, we evaluated 130 patients who performed balneal and physical treatments for a period of 2 weeks. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 51 patients were enrolled into the hot mud baths group (HMB), 48 in the cold mud baths (CMB) group and 31 in the control group (CG). Each patient performed physiotherapy treatments which includes electrotherapy, massage and kinetotherapy, patients from HMB group had also hot mud therapy and patients from CMB group had cold mud therapy. Serum serotonin was dosed at admission and at discharge, for each patient, and was determined using ELISA method with kits from Demeditec Diagnostics GmbH for human serotonin. All the data from the study were statistically analized using the SPSS 22.0 program, values were interpreted as mean value and standard deviation, and we used ANOVA and t tests. The statistically significant value considered was p&lt;0.05.

High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals a Dynamic Bacterial Linkage between the Captive White Rhinoceros and Its Environment.

Soil is an essential part of the animal habitat and has a large diversity of microbiota, while the animal body was colonized by a complex bacterial community; so far, the relationship between the animal host microbial community and the soil microbial ecosystem remains largely unknown. In this study, 15 white rhinoceros from three different captive grounds were selected and the bacterial community of the gut, skin, and environment of these rhinoceros were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing technology. Our results showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the predominant phyla in the gut microbiome, whereas skin and environment samples share similar microbiome profiles and are dominated by the phyla of Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria. Although the bacterial composition of the gut differs from that of the skin and environment, the Venn diagrams showed that there were 22 phyla and 186 genera shared by all the gut, skin, and environmental microbes in white rhinoceroses. Further cooccurrence network analysis indicated a bacterial linkage based on a complex interaction was established by the bacterial communities from the three different niches. In addition, beta diversity and bacterial composition analysis showed that both the captive ground and host ages induced shifts in the microbial composition of white rhinoceroses, which suggested that the bacterial linkage between the captive white rhinoceros and its environment is dynamic. Overall, our data contribute to a better understanding of the bacterial community of the captive white rhinoceros, especially for the relationship between the environment and animal bacterial communities. IMPORTANCE The white rhinoceros is one of the world's most endangered mammals. The microbial population plays a key role in animal health and welfare; however, studies regarding the microbial communities of the white rhinoceros are relatively limited. As the white rhinoceros has a common behavior of mud baths and thus is in direct contact with the environment, a relationship between the animal microbial community and the soil microbial ecosystem appears possible, but it remains unclear. Here, we described the characteristics and interaction of bacterial communities of the white rhinoceros in three different niches, including gut, skin, and environment. We also analyzed the effects of captive ground and age on the composition of the bacterial community. Our findings highlighted the relationship among the three niches and may have important implications for the conservation and management of this threatened species.

Thermal Drone Technology Used to Capture Thermoregulation in Wild Sumatran Elephants

Drone technology plays a critical role in supporting conservation efforts for endangered species, not only in terms of species monitoring within various landscapes, but also potentially when applied to behavioral studies to investigate interaction patterns and response to environmental change. We tested a thermal drone to investigate thermoregulation and surface temperature of wild Sumatran elephants in the lowland tropical forest of Jambi, Indonesia. Thermoregulation data was obtained using RGB images and videos, while temperature values were measured from thermal images (R-JPEG) extracted into TIFF equipped with pixel temperature. We detected a visual thermoregulation mechanism known as mud bathing. Our study demonstrated that the trunk functions to draw mud and throw it onto the head, back, and stomach, the tail functions to distribute the mud to all parts of the back of the body, while the ears flapped to keep head temperature cool. Our measurements showed that the surface temperature of Sumatran elephants is between 28.9-30.3°C. The head had a relatively lower temperature than other body parts. This study also revealed that the environmental humidity variable significantly affects the elephant's temperature rise. The use of drone technology for future behavioral studies is recommended as it accurately provides high quality data and can be widely used in any type of terrain.

The impact of specific balneotherapy on the endocrine physio-pathological mechanism in obesity

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial metabolic pathology, within the path of modification of the endocrine system plays a significant role. Changes in growth hormone (GH) and in-sulin growth factor (IGF) have been associated with obesity in various ways, mainly through changes in GH-binding proteins, insulin and ghrelin levels. The balneal treat-ment with Techirghiol Romanian sapropelic mud has an important impact on the endo-crine system, primarily through the action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. We investigated the secretory changes of the IGF-1 hormone that appeared after the balne-al treatment. It was a total number of 52 patients, divided into two groups: 1 group who performed the treatment with Techirghiol sapropelic mud at thermoneutrality tempera-tures - warm mud baths, and the second group who followed treatment with the balneal therapeutic factor in a thermal contrast regime - cold mud baths. We studied whether there are correlations between the body mass index (BMI) and the secretion of this hor-mone. We also determined the serum levels of blood glucose at admission and discharge. In the cold mud baths- thermal contrast therapy, can be observed a statistically significant increase in IGF-1 values during the balneal treatment (p = 0.044 &lt; α = 0.05). Comparative-ly, in the warm mud baths, the increase in serum IGF-1 reached values close to statistical significance at the end of the treatment (p = 0.067 &gt; α = 0.05). There were no statistically significant correlations between BMI and IGF-1 hormone secretion at admission and at discharge. The results showed a statistically significant decrease in blood glucose values determined at admission and discharge in the group that performed warm mud baths. The balneal treatment with sapropelic mud of Techirghiol lake, from Romania, through the impact on the endocrine system, on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, can be registered as a treatment with a natural therapeutic factor with an impact on obesity, ther-apy carried out within the parameters of metabolic safety, and the conduct of future re-search in this direction it will help develop new concepts and approaches to obesity.

Из истории налогообложения мусульман Крыма в XIX в.: «татарский сбор», подробности подготовки, взимания и распределения средств. По материалам Российского государственного исторического архива

The article draws on documents from the Russian State Historical Archive (fond 1152 “Department of State Economy of the State Council", series 1-5), to examine the process of preparing, collecting, and distributing the tax for Crimean Tatars (the so-called “Tatar Levy,” tatarsky sbor). The problem of the Crimean Tatars taxation arouse immediately after the annexation of the Crimea. Fiscal system of the Crimean Khanate differed from that of the Russian Empire. Poll tax used in the Russian Empire was unacceptable for the Muslim. Amount and parameters of the tax adapted to the Crimean Tatars’ religion caused long discussions in the Russian authorities. Only in 1829, at the insistence of M.S. Vorontsov, a poll tax was introduced for the Crimean Tatars, the Tatar Levy. It amounted to 1 ruble 50 kopecks or 43 kopecks in silver and was to be directed to the priority needs of the Crimea. The draft budget was compiled by the Novorossiysk Governor-General, cleared with the Ministry of Finance and the State Council of the Russian Empire, and approved by the Emperor. The Tatar Levy funds were distributed in several target areas: infrastructure projects (construction of the road on the Southern coast of Crimea, construction of stone bridges, renovation of administrative buildings, creation of port infrastructure, providing water supply to the peninsula); support for agricultural projects (creation of new vineyards in Magarach); recreation (construction of mud baths near Yevpatoria and in Saki, financing of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden); restoration and construction of cultural and historical objects (restoration of the Khan's palace in Bakhchisarai, Juma-Jami in Yevpatoria, replenishment of museum collections, building of new mosques and churches). The revenues were significantly reduced after mass emigration of the Crimean Tatar population in 1860. The tax was finally abolished in 1874, when the taxation of the Crimean Tatars was unified with that of other taxable estates of the Tauride gubernia.

There Is No Loneliness Like Theirs

There Is No Loneliness Like Theirs

Очистка сточных вод грязелечебниц с применением коагулянта

The paper investigates the composition, characteristics and methods of treatment of mud-bath wastewater from suspended solids as the main quality indicator permitting the reuse of this wastewater. In order to improve the effectiveness of treatment, the authors studied the method of coagulation with the use of various dosages of coagulant produced in Russia. There were determined indicators of mud bath wastewater quality indicators before and after performing coagulation. Studies were carried out on full-scale wastewater from the mud bath clinic. Conclusions were made regarding the effectiveness of reducing such indicators as chromaticity and turbidity after coagulation. The optimal dosages of aluminum-based coagulating agents for effective treatment of wastewater from mud baths were determined. The results of this work are recommended for use in the development of methods to improve the technological system of cleaning of existing mud bath clinics and at designing new complexes of mud bath therapy.

Особенности развития медицинского туризма в Турции

Турецкие медицинские клиники на рынке медицинского туризма добились в последнее время значительных успехов благодаря многим факторам и, прежде всего, хорошей базе – оздоровительному туризму, в частности, термальным СПА-курортам и грязевым ваннам. На государственном уровне в лице Департамента по медицинскому туризму разрабатываются проекты по привлечению иностранных пациентов: добровольная международная аккредитация, регулируемая ценовая политика и работа по росту профессионализма турецких врачей путем стажировок в США, Германии, Израиле и др. &#x0D; На рынке медицинского туризма активно работают как государственные учреждения, так и частные. Крупные медицинские центры расположены в Анкаре, Измире и Стамбуле. Турецкие власти не хотят останавливаться на достигнутых результатах и намереваются в ближайшие годы выйти на уровень – 1 миллион человек в год.

Adult coloration of the Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) in the Pyrenees: relation to sex, mating system and productivity

Cosmetic coloration is not a common phenomenon among bird species. Adult Bearded Vultures Gypaetus barbatus typically show orange coloration in head, chest, belly and tarsus feathers that is the result of mud baths in ferruginous substrates. Several non‐mutually exclusive visual signalling hypotheses can be proposed to explain this phenomenon. Coloration could be used to signal: (1) dominance towards conspecifics, with darker birds being dominant (status signalling hypothesis); (2) sex (gender signalling hypothesis) because females are usually more intensely coloured; (3) individual quality for mate choice (quality signalling hypothesis); or (4) different reproductive strategies between individuals (e.g. in polyandrous trios). Here we report results from systematic monitoring of breeding Bearded Vultures in the pre‐laying period in the central and western Pyrenees (Spain and France) between 2016 and 2020, including 162 individuals from 70 reproductive units (48 pairs and 22 trios). We classified individuals as being white, pale, medium or dark, and analysed the relationship with sex, mating system (pair or trios) and average productivity across years. Our results showed that the most common form was medium (67%), then pale (22%), dark (9%) and white (2%) morphs. Overall, females were darker than males, but with a large overlap in coloration. In trios, dominant males were darker than subordinate males, although differences were not statistically significant. The mating system (pair or trio) did not influence female coloration. A multimodel comparison showed that the number of years of territory occupation, mating system and their combination (but not coloration) were the best predictors of average productivity. Our results do not support the gender signalling hypothesis. The reproductive strategy signalling hypothesis might be supported because beta males were, on average, paler than males in pairs, but this topic requires further investigations because our results were inconclusive. Finally, that females (thought to be dominant because of their slightly larger size) were on average darker than males agrees with the status signalling hypothesis, although an experimental approach would be needed to formally test this hypothesis.

Effect of mud therapy on menstrual function

The question of the influence of balneological treatment on menstrual function and the admissibility of using mud baths during the menstrual period has long attracted the attention of Russian doctors. So, back in 1826, Dr. Konrad noted good results in the treatment of menstrual disorders in the Caucasus. And even earlier, as can be seen from the announcement about Lipetsk, published under Peter I, menstruation disorder was considered an indication for spa treatment. Puparev (1847) and Brykov (1848) point to the beneficial effect of balneological treatment for menstrual disorders. In the journal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for 1853, in an article about the Odessa estuaries, in the number of indications, menstruation disorder was indicated.

Treatment of female diseases with Sadgorod mud

Sadgorodskaya mud baths is 1.5 km away. from the checkpoint 27 km. Ussuriyskaya railway and is located in the dacha area of the mountains. Vladivostok, on the southeastern shore of the Uglovaya Bay of the Amur Bay.The area of the resort and its surroundings is very picturesque, rich in various vegetation. Here, along with subtropical plants, there are tree species typical of northern countries.

Cosmetic plumage coloration by iron oxides does not confer protection against feather wear

The active acquisition of plumage cosmetic coloration by iron oxides has been described in several bird species (notably the Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus, but also in cranes, pelicans and other vulture species) but its function remains controversial. We tested the hypothesis that iron oxide acquired through mud bathing protects feathers from wear. We experimentally stained 13 breast feathers collected from two White Storks Ciconia ciconia with mud from a ferruginous pond regularly used by Bearded Vultures, while another 13 feathers (controls) were treated with water. All feathers were exposed to a controlled physical abrasion treatment. We found no differences in wear between control and stained feathers, which is counter to predictions of the wear protection hypothesis for the acquisition of this cosmetic plumage coloration.

The therapeutic effect of Värska mud and Värska mineral water baths on the overuse pain and muscle tension syndromes in the working age population.

The effects of bath therapy are complex and result from a unique interaction between the aquatic environment and the human body functions. The effect of bath therapy depends on both water temperature and chemical additives (mineral substances and humic substances). Värska Resort Centre, in south-eastern Estonia, uses for the balneotherapy the local curative mud and mineral water. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effects of Värska's local mud bath and mineral water bath on moderate musculoskeletal pains in working-age people. The study involved 64 working-age subjects: within two weeks, 32 of them received five general mineral water baths, and another 32 received five general curative mud baths. Pain was assessed with the Nordic Musculosceletal Questionnaire, and muscle tension was measured with a myotonometer in m. erector spinae and m. trapezius. Measurements were performed three times: before the start of the study, immediately after the last procedure, and 2-3weeks after the last procedure. Both the Värska curative mud bath and the Värska mineral water bath showed a positive effect on musculoskeletal pain and muscle tension. Both procedures can be recommended as drug-free interventions for mild to moderate musculoskeletal pain syndrome and muscle tensions, in both prevention and treatment.

Batpig: When Pigs Fly by Rob Harrell

Reviewed by: Batpig: When Pigs Fly by Rob Harrell Kate Quealy-Gainer, Editor Harrell, Rob Batpig: When Pigs Fly; written and illus. by Rob Harrell. Dial, 2021 [240p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780593354155 $14.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9780593354179 $8.99 Reviewed from digital galleys Ad Gr. 3-5 Gary Yorkshire is your perfectly ordinary pig, playing video games, taking mud baths, and hanging with his pals until one day he’s bitten by a bat and suddenly has superpowers. Like most sixth graders (swine or human) would be, Gary’s thrilled and begins the most important part of being a superhero: designing a costume and coming up with a motto. With that done, he’s finally ready to fight bad guys, and the first half of the book switches between a deadly situation in which he’s tied to a rocket by a monster and Gary’s origin story; it’s an effective structure that keeps readerly engagement as scenes bounce between the action of the rocket dilemma and the explanations of Gary’s powers, and direct address from the snarky narrator brings added appeal. The final part of the book, however, is tacked on and rushed as Batpig takes on another villain, the Butcher, in anti-climactic fashion. The design derives much of its style, from font to palette, from Pilkey’s Dogman series but with a touch more sophistication. Despite the flagging pace, the book’s punny humor, dad jokes, and pure absurdity may win the day here, especially for fans of Captain Underpants or Moyer’s Ham Helsing: Vampire Hunter (BCCB 5/21). Copyright © 2021 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОТУРИЗМА И РЕКРЕАЦИОННОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПАРКОВ ТУРЦИИ

Geoecology refers to the interdisciplinary areas of tourism that cover the largest audience. Each subject has its own geoecological features, which make it possible to form various types of tourism. As a bridge between Europe and Asia, Turkey contains many geoecological factors that contribute to the development of tourism and has much to offer visitors. The country is rich in mountain ranges and valleys, lakes, rivers, waterfalls and caves, ideal for winter and summer tourism. In addition, Turkey has many hot springs, healing waters and mud baths, which are recommended as a remedy for many diseases. Due to this, Turkey is considered one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. The study of geoecological factors of the development of recreation in the territory of the national parks of Turkey makes it possible to reveal the tourist and recreational potential of the studied territory. In this regard, the purpose of the work is to analyze the geoecological features of the national parks of Turkey. The paper uses comparative and descriptive methods of analyzing the scientific literature on the problems of research, as well as the method of determining the main geoecological factors of tourism development within the study areas. In the course of the expedition trips, the material was collected to analyze the current recreational and tourist development of the territory. The use of cartographic methods of analysis, as well as the analysis of expedition materials, allowed us to describe in sufficient detail the main geoecological features of the territory, which allow us to develop various types of recreation and tourism. On the territory of the Turkish national parks, quite diverse and unique geoecological conditions have developed, which allow for the development of a wide range of types of tourism and recreation. Taking into account the already developed tourist infrastructure, more attention should be paid to the protection of the natural environment and the development of eco-friendly forms of tourism.

On the issue of the general and local action of mud baths (Lake Tambukan) of various strengths for female diseases

(Doctor, 1896, No. 51).