Mucous Membrance Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF THE COOKED SAUSAGE ENRICHED WITH LACTULOSE AND FOOD FIBERS ON THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE LARGE INTESTINE AND MICROBIOTA (MICROBIOCENOSIS) IN RATS

The researches on the development of medical and medical-preventive food products for people with violation of normal intestinal microflora are presented in the article. It was found that, the introduction into the formulation of cooked sausage food beet fibers based on sugar beet, hydrated in a ratio 1:5, in amount 10 % to weight of mince and lactulose, synthesized from lactose, in amount 640 mg/kg mince retains the traditional organoleptic properties of the product. There were carried out comparative morphometric, histochemical and bacterioscopic studies of boiled sausage effect without additives and sausage enriched with food fibers and lactulose on the morphofunctional condition of the mucous membrance of the colon (MMC) of rats. Was shown a significant height increase of epithelial surface of epithelium, an increase of frequency mitoses in the epithelium crypts of intestinal glands (from 0.6 ± 0.08 % to 1.1 ± 0.04 %), there is a tendency of increasing content of goblet ekzokrinnye (from 21.3 ± 5.5 % to 32.4 ± 18.7 %), while the mucosal were intensively produced allopathically mucus, which indicates the stimulation of sausage, enriched with lactulose on the functional status of the surface epithelium and intestinal glands of the mucous membrane of the colon. Based on the studies results of the effect of food beet fibers and lactulose, contained in the ration of rats in large and small intestine were fixed on order greater amount of bifido- and lactobacteries in comparison with the animals control group. Same time, it was found that in the large intestine the number of lactobacilli were much higher in animals receiving experimental sausage.

The role of rigid bronchoscope in the diagnosis and treatment of plastic bronchitis

To explore the role of rigid bronchoscope in the diagnosis and treatment of plastic bronchitis. Various clinical parameters, the key points of operation and postoperative recovery were analyzed in 8 patients with plastic bronchitis treated in Department and ICU using retrospective analysis. All cases demonstrated bronchial lumen stenosis, mucous membrance coarse, congestion, edema in the affected side. 2 cases had follicular hyperplasia, 1 case had a few ooze after taking out the plastic type. All cases had endogenous foreign bodies, taking the shape of the bronchial tree or a funicular. Block shape and sites were as follows: right main bronchus 2 cases, superior lobe of right lung 1 case, right middle bronchial 1 case, left main bronchus 2 cases, 1 case with left lower lobe, right main bronchus and left lower lobe bronchus 1 case. The breath sounds of the affected side become more enhanced after operation, with the alliviation of dyspnea. All cases recovered after ICU treatment. The pathologic examination were all type I plastic bronchitis. Removement of the endogenous foreign body via rigid bronchoscopy is the effective method in the treatment of plastic bronchitis. Plastic bronchitis is a rapid-developing critical, urgent disease.In order to reduce the mortality, early diagnosis and timely surgery are necessary.

Long-term efficacy of tubularized peritoneal free grafts as ureteral mucosal substitutes in dogs

To investigate the long-term efficacy of ureteral reconstruction with tubularized peritoneal free grafts for the treatment of avulsion of ureteral mucosa in animal models. The model of avulsion of ureteral mucosa was established in 12 adult dogs. Then they were divided into Group A (n = 6, length of avulsed mucosa at 4 cm) and Group B (n = 6, length of avulsed mucosa at 6 cm). And the tubularized peritoneal free grafts and ureteral stents were implanted into the injured ureters. The curative effect was observed by intravenous urethrogram (IVU) and histological examination at Week 24 post-operation. Severe stenosis was observed by IVU in 1 dogs in Groups A and B respectively. In the remaining 10 dogs, IVU showed normal size and morphology of kidneys. There was no hydronephrosis. And no obvious stricture of ureteral part was observed for mucosa substitutes made of peritoneal free grafts. In all 10 dogs without stenosis of both groups, peritoneal membrane was replaced by integrated transitional epithelium. And there was no obvious stricture. Collagen fibers were arranged parallel to mucosal surface. For avulsion of ureteral mucosa under 6 cm, reconstruction with tubularized peritoneal free grafts as mucosa substitutes is an effective method. And its long-term efficacy is satisfactory.

The value of methylene blue staining in diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer

Objective To evaluate the value of methylene blue staining in diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer.Methods There are 224 paients with abnormal gastric mucous membrance,104 cases were biopsy after stain by Methylene blue and 120 cases were taken biopsy simplicity.Results One hundred and four suspected early careinonm of stomach cases were stain by Methylene blue and 81 eases were found dyeing.There are 75 patients with atypical hyperplasia or intestinal metaplasi,6 with early gastric cancers,4 with preinvasive carcinoma.One hundred and twenty patients were taken biopsy simplicity.There are 14 patients with mild to moderate atypical hyperplasia,36 cases of chronic gastritis with focal intestinal metaplasia.Conclusions The early diagnosis rate of precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer are very well improved by methylene blue staining. Key words: Early gastric cancer; Precancerous lesions; Mucous membrane dyeing

Comparative study on the radiographic and CT findings of peroxyacetic acid corrosive esophagitis

目的 探讨过氧乙酸腐蚀性食管炎的X线和CT特征.方法分析7例过氧乙酸烧伤的消化道X线和CT资料.结果 7例过氧乙酸腐蚀性食管炎主要X线表现为食管中下段管腔严重不规则狭窄,管壁僵硬、蠕动消失,正常黏膜皱襞消失,狭窄以上食管呈不同程度扩张;主要CT表现为中下段狭窄区管壁呈不规则性明显增厚,密度偏低,外缘模糊,周围脂肪线消失,食管上段有不同程度扩张.结论 X线和CT检查可以清楚显示狭窄段部位、范围和程度,食管壁及周围受累情况,以指导临床制定治疗方案。

Occupational exposures and risk of hepatitis B virus infection among public safety workers.

We conducted a questionnaire and seroprevalence survey to determine the frequency and type of occupational exposures (OEs) and the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection experienced by public safety workers (PSWs). Of the 2910 PSWs who completed the survey, 6.8% reported at least one OE in the previous 6 months, including needlestick (1.0%), being cut with a contaminated object (2.8%), mucous membrance exposure to blood (0.9%), and being bitten by a human (3.5%). The rate of OE varied by occupation with 2.7% of firefighters, 3.2% of sheriff officers, 6.6% of corrections officers, and 7.4% of police officers reporting > or = 1 OE (P < 0.001). The HBV infection prevalence was 8.6%, and after adjustment for age and race, it was comparable to the overall US prevalence and did not vary by occupation. By multivariate analysis, HBV infection was not associated with any OEs, but it was associated with older age, being nonwhite, and a previous history of a sexually transmitted disease. This study demonstrated that although OEs are not uncommon among PSWs, HBV infection was more likely to be associated with nonoccupational risk factors. Administration of hepatitis B vaccine to PSWs early in their careers will prevent HBV infection associated with occupational and non-OEs.

Isolated tracheal rhinosporidiose -a case report.

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic fungal granulomatous disease which usually involves the mucous membrance of the nose and nasopharynx.We are reporting here a rare case of Rhinosporidiosis affecting the trachea alone without any involvement of mucous membrance or skin elsewhere.

Endoscopic surgery in the treatment oe duodenal ulcer

The experience of vagotomy using laparoscopic equipment in patients with duodenal cer is described. Some advantages of laparos- ! copie vagotomy over analogous intervention by means of laparotomy are noted: the posterior trunk of vagus nerve is more readily differentiated, the danger of damage of mucous membrance of the stomach in seromyotomy is less, traumatism is less.

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA

Clinical and pathological observation has been carried out in 68 cases of oral leukoplakia examined in our department and results are as follows.1) The patients consisted of 42 males and 26 females, and a high prevalence was observed in males in their forties.2) Foci most frequently occured on the gingiva, then on the tongue, lips and buccal mucous membrane, and were found least frequently on the oral floor.On the gingiva, a great many white-spotted types and plateau types occurred but on the tongue erosive types were seen most frequently.On the lips and buccal mucous membrance, many white-spotted types were observed but on the oral floor only one white-spotted type and one erosive type were seen. Five cases were accompanied by cancer and four cases became malignant, all of these being derived from the erosive type.3) In relation to smoking, the incidence was 70% in males and 44% in females and was higher than the average percentage of adult smokers in our country. Score of Brinkman index (B.I.) was 562 on average and this was higher then B.I. 400 which is a standard value of the high-risk group for lung cancer, therefore smoking is considered to be the cause of this disease.4) Investigation of the relationship between metal restorations and dentures using patch testing revealed in 53% of a positive reaction cases. Many positive reactions were observed toward metals most commonly used in dental materials, and this suggested a great possibility of local stimululation by metal allergy. Cases associated with a local stimulus deriving from unfitted dentures, dental caries and metal allergies amounted to 56%.5) In the results of glucose tolerance testing, a significant difference was not shown in comparison with healthy persons in the same age bracket. Levels of serum immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM, and vitamin A, vitamin B2 and cholesterol in blood were within normal values.The above results indicate that systemic factors were not influencing factors as much as were local factors.6) In histological studies, as to the first pattern (that without a differential pattern in epithelial cells, with a thin epithelial layer a great difference was not observed in comparison with other groups. However, as to the second pattern (that without a differential pattern in the epithelial cells, with a thickened epithelial layer) the epithelial layer was thickened and intercellular edema in the squamous cell layer and prolongation and acumination of the rete ridge were shown. As to the third pattern (one accompanied by a differential pattern in the epithelial cells) the tissues observed were similar to those in the second pattern, but cells with enlarged nuclei and increased chromatin content in the basement layer, and on increased mitosis rate were observed.In electron microscopic examination, in the basement cell layer, Langerhans cells (L.C.) were often observed.7) In the chemical examination of immunohistologic patterns clinically found, the degree of infiltration of sub-epithelial tissue, and S-100 protein-positive cells in the epithelium were analysed.Results showed that the number of S-100 protein-positive cells in the epithelia were increasing significantly in plateaupatterns, accompanied by erosion and cancer patterns.Pathologically, the relationship between degree of infiltration of sub-epithelial tissue and S-100 protein-positive cells was clearly observed to be correlative.The increase in L.C. in the case of plateaupattern and erosivepattern leukoplakia and in cases where lesions developed into cancer is considered to suggest functional acceleration of antigen recognition mechanism in the foci, together with the acceleration of cellular infiltration to sub-epithelial tissue in these patterns.

上がくどう内遊離骨片の２症例

We experienced two cases in which isolated bone fragments were found in the maxillary sinus.The first case was a 34-year-old man. Radiographic examination showed a radiopaque shadow that appeared to be calcic substance isolated in the left maxillary sinus. It was surgically enucleated with the antral mucous membrance. A histopathological examination revealed the calcic substance was an isolated bone fragment which consisted of a laminated bone tissue and an enclosed connective tissue that had become necrotic, in which there found neither an osteoblast nor osteoclast. Microscopically, the antral mucous membrane contacted to the bone fragment showed chronic inflammatory infiltrate which was a feature of chronic sinusitis.The second case, which was found in a 33-year-old woman, was clinically suspected of a benign tumor in right maxillary sinus by radiographic examination. The enucleated tissue was a bone fragment in a size of 25×15×5mm. Microscopically, there found bone cells, however, neither osteoblast nor osteoclast were found, which was the same as that described for the first case. The antral mucosa contacted to the bone fragment was edematous, and increased connective tissue consisting of collagen fiber was found in deep layers of the mucosa.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY ON THE TRACHEAL EPITHELIUM OF RATS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE NON-CILIATED CELLS

To elucidate the ultrastructural organization of the tracheal epithelium and especially the fine structure of the non-ciliated cells (brush cells), the electron microscope observations were carried out. Many rats in the postnatal developmental stages and adult ones were used in this study. The tracheal epithelium of the rats is composed of a simple columnar or a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, and it contains four distinct types of cells; ciliated cells, mucous cells (goblet cells), basal cells, and non-ciliated cells (brush cells). The ciliated cell has a clear cytoplasm compared with those of the other types of cells and favorable amount of cell organelles. Sometimes, the process of the ciliogenesis can be sproradically seen in the presumably ciliated cells early in the postnatal developmental stages and also in the adult ones. The mucous secretory cells with a fairly dense cytoplasm provided with plenty of rER and other cell organelles are more predominant in number in immature rats. However, there are scarcely seen the mucous cells provided with a typical goblet composed of many secretory granules in the apical cytoplasm. Non-ciliated cells aligned the luminal surface of the tracheal epithelium are divided into two categories, one is the mucous secretory cell and the other is the so-called brush cell provided with the brush border on its luminal surface, and the latter also contains many characteristic granules of small size. Some of these granules contain a dense spherical core, and frequently situate in the basal part or along the lateral cell boundary clustered in small groups. On the other hand, there are frequently observed many naked nerve endings, and most of them contain both small clear vesicles and large cored vesicles, and others contain also small granular vesicles, neurotubules, small mitochondria or scarce glycogen particles. However, no epithelioneural junctions can be discerned between the brush cells and the nerve endings in the epithelium. These findings mentioned above may be probably assumed that the brush cell plays a role of an endocrine function to secret the containing granules into the connective tissue of the tracheal mucous membrance in rats.

Methods of olfactory tests, especially clinical studies on the method of venous olfactory tests

A series of studies on the venous olfactory test were perfoumed and the results were as follows: (1) Initial and terminal time of olfactory senses surveyed by venous injection of Alinamin(Vitamin B1 preparate) (a) Normal:9.3sec., 170sec.Hyposmia:11.1sec, 60, 5sec.so called Anosmia:13.9sec, 48sec.(the former:initial time, the latter:terminal time) (b) The longer terminal time was seen in more Sensitive olfactory mucous membrance.(2) According to previous olfactory test, dysos- mia was classified into two groups, i.e., hyposmia and anosmiaEach of which, according that test, is classified into two subgroups, thus dysosmia is classified into four groups, from I-degree to IV -degree.(3) According to the region of disturbance of sense of smell, olfactory disturbance is divided into three types;(a) morphorgic type(b) neurogenic type(c) combined type A critical clinical study of each type was also performed.(4) Olfactograph based on olfactory dilution test and venous olfactory test.(initial time, termi- nal time) was proposed.(5) With the use of the authoir olfactory test, the process of healing of dysosmia could be divided into three types.From these results, it was con- cluded that a careful study of the healing process was helpful in evaluating the prognosis and therapy.

口腔カンジダ症の一例

The present report gives warning that uncleanliness of the mouth in general, and especially neglect of decayed teeth, tooth stumps and chronicdental diseases might constitute a factor or factors initiating moniliasis in oral region. In the present case, a 25-year-old female, there was an upper left wisdom tooth decayed to the state of stump which gave constant irritation to the neighboring buccal mucous membrance. This part of the mucous membrane may have lost its normal resistance and gave way to the entrance and local establishment of moniliasis.

PROLAPSE OF THE RECTUM

THIS paper is concerned primarily with the presentation of an unusual case of rectal prolapse. Although this subject has been adequately discussed by members of the Western Surgical Association and ample reference to it is found in the literature, it does not seem amiss to make some remarks concerning the causative factors relative to the development of rectal herniation and to comment briefly on the procedures employed to correct this condition. A rectal prolapse, or procidentia of the rectum, may be classified as mucosal or complete. The mucosal type is an evulsion of the mucous membrance of the rectum and does not involve a descensus of the entire rectum. The mucous membrane that protrudes is smooth and represents simple evagination. It is commoner in older person with relaxed sphincters, who have had long-standing hemorrhoids. True prolapse of the rectum, or herniation of the rectum, is a descensus of the entire

Clinical Radiology of the Digestive Mucosa

About twelve years ago, disappointments in the diagnosis of abdominal disease urged me to seek some improvement of the methods of gastro-intestinal radiology. In view of the fact that nearly every definite lesion, inflammation, ulcer and growth is accompanied by manifest alteration of the inner surface, it was necessary to demonstrate the digestive mucosa not only in the stomach but also in the rest of the digestive tract. The older methods concentrated chiefly on the examination of disorders of function, and had to be developed so that the lesion itself could be shown as clearly as in a pathological specimen. The method I developed is based throughout upon the solid ground of the anatomy of the living viscus, on direct symptoms giving place to functional and often ambiguous signs. G. Forssell's work on the anatomy of the stomach and of the movements of the mucous membrance, and A. Akerlund's studies on duodenal ulcer were fundamental to may own investigations. There is no space here to quote every author whose work has been important; they are all mentioned in my small book, Roentgenuntersuchungen am Innenrelief des Verdauungskanals (2nd edit., 1931, Thieme, Leipzig). The essential preliminary condition for the demonstration of mucosal details is complete emptiness of the viscus. If the inner surface is “dry” the examination will be easy and will give the best results. In cases of retention of food or fluid it may be necessary to empty with the stomach tube.

Descriptions of three new Genera of Entophyta, growing from the Mucous Membrance of the Small Intestine of Julus, and from the Exterior Surface of Entozoa infesting that Cavity; and also of some new Genera and Species of Entozoa

Descriptions of three new Genera of Entophyta, growing from the Mucous Membrance of the Small Intestine of Julus, and from the Exterior Surface of Entozoa infesting that Cavity; and also of some new Genera and Species of Entozoa