Mucky Soils Research Articles

Cement-SG curing agent for solidification of mucky soils

Cement-SG curing agent for solidification of mucky soils

Гранулометрический состав почв заповедника «Ханкайский» (Приморский край)

Soil texture is determined and the features of particle-size vertical distribution in soils of different landscapes of the Khankaiskiy Nature Reserve are considered. Three variants of the distribution of clay (<0.001 mm) and physical clay (<0.01 mm) fractions along the vertical profiles soils are identified: accumulative, regressive, with a maximum in the middle-profile horizon and with their approximately equal contents in the upper and the lower horizons. A regressive variant is revealed in burozems gleyic, podzoliс-brownzems, dark-humus gley and alluvial meadow gley soils. These soils are characterized by a medium loamy sandy-coarse-dusty composition of the upper horizons and a light- or medium-loamy composition of the middle and lower parts of the profile. The distribution of fine fractions along the profile is observed with a gradual decrease in their content with depth in typical burozems and alluvial meadow gley-ic soils, while the texture of the layer changes from medium loamy to light loamy. The vertical distribution of fine fractions with a maximum in the middle part of the profile is revealed in mucky gley soils. The profile is formed under the influence of a combination of the floodplain process with the introduction and redeposition of suspended particles and gleying. The lithological specificity of the accumulation of the initial parent materials plays a decisive role in the differentiation of fine fractions in the soil profile.

Chemical properties of selected soils of the Ina Valley near Sławęcin village

Abstract The research area is located in the Ina Valley of the West Pomeranian Voivods hip, along the border between two counties Choszczno and Stargard. The majority of this area is covered by the largest wetland in Western Pomerania, which is under legal protection. The aim of the study was to identify chemical properties and typological variability of organic soils of the Ina Valley. On the basis of field studies, four sites that were characterised by the main soil types occurring on the study area were designated. By the river bed, a narrow strip of alluvial, clay-organic sediments was found, from which muddy-gley soils developed. The largest part of the central valley was composed of organic low moor peat deposits, from which organic fibric-muck soils, in the third degree of decomposition, evolved. The edge of the valley, on shallow organic sediments, was covered by highly decomposed organic sapricmuck and mucky soils. The richest resources of organic matter were recorded in fibric-muck soils and the poorest in muddy-gley soils. The reaction of soils derived from peat was slightly acid or neutral and alkaline for alluvial deposits. All examined soils were characterised by a very low content of available phosphorus and potassium whereas the amount of available magnesium varied, depending on the soil subtype. Very low concentrations of available magnesium were obtained in sapric-muck and mucky soils, medium in muddy gley soils and high or very high in fibric-muck soils. Total forms of microelements were present in considerable quantities and a very high share of available potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium in relation to total forms, in fibric-muck soil, attracts attention. In the case of other soil subtypes, only a high share of available calcium is observed.

Characterization of some physical and chemical properties of post-bog soils developed from limnic deposits in vicinity of lake Dubie (Western Pomerania, NW Poland)

AbstractPost-bog soils developed from limnic calcareous sediments are closely related to a young-glacial landscape and postglacial lakes in Northern Poland. The studies conducted in 2010–2012 on post-bog soils near lake Dubie (Równina Drawska, NW Poland), partially used as an arable land. The goal of research was to characterise some chemical and physical properties of post-bog soils developed from carbonate deposits near lake Dubie. The soils of the analysed area developed from lacustrine chalk and calcareous gyttja belong to black earth and mucky soils. Organic matter content in surface horizons ranged from 5.0 to 14.2%, content of CaCO3from 27.2 to 55.2%, the highest carbonate content was found in arable soil. The soils of the study area were characterised by a narrow C/N ratio, low level of total form of P and a high content of Ca. Specific density of surface horizons was in the range 2.49 to 2.58 Mg · m−3, bulk density from 0.445 to 1.212 Mg · m−3. High porosity was also found in the examined formations, from 0.826 in surface horizons and 0.700 m3· m−3in limnic deposits.

Distribution and habitat properties of Carex pulicaris and Pedicularis sylvatica at their range margin in NW Poland

This paper presents the distribution dynamics, soil and phytocoenotical conditions of the occurrence of <em>Carex pulicaris</em> and <em>Pedicularis sylvatica</em> at the margin of their range in NW Poland. Dynamic cartograms of these species were made on the basis of our field studies and available contemporary and historical records. The studies showed that the plants grow on organic hemic-muck soils, mucky soils and typical muckous soils. The occurrence of these two species on different types of soils proves that they are able to adapt easily to varying habitat conditions of post-bog areas. Populations of <em>C. pulicaris</em> and <em>P. sylvatica</em> were most frequently not numerous and occurred in small community patches. Analyzed phytocoenoses with <em>C. pulicaris</em> have been classified as the community of the alliance <em>Caricion davallianae</em> or the alliance <em>Molinion</em>. Phytocoenoses with <em>P. sylvatica</em> are represented by the association <em>Nardo-Juncetum squarrosi</em> and the community of the class <em>Molinio-Arrhenatheretea</em>. The distribution dynamics of these species shows that they are disappearing from some parts of this region, which proves the recessive trends. This process is more intensive for <em>P. sylvatica</em>, which should be included in the red list of Polish plants like <em>C. pulicaris</em>. The disappearance of the populations of both species has been caused by worsening habitat conditions (insufficient moisture, eutrophication), expansion of competitive plant species and land abandonment.

Katena gleb mułowo-madowych w okolicy Suraża w Dolinie Górnej Narwi / Muddy-alluvial soils catena near Suraż in the Upper Narew Valley

Abstract The aim of the study was the recognition of profile structure and main physical properties of humus-rich endogley soils, which form muddy-alluvial habitats, and soils appearing together with them in a catena developed in the Upper Narew Valley near Sura¿. Plant communities growing on these soils were also recognized. Typological development of the analysed soils is clearly connected with microrelief of flood terrace, water conditions and vegetation cover. The most moisture positions taken by humus-rich endogley soils are overgrown by Glycerietum maximae community. Typic czernozemic alluvial and mucky-like soils with Phalaridetum arundinaceae community are found slightly higher. In the highest and the most dried parts of the analysed terrain mucky soils overgrown by plant community with domination of Alopecurus pratensis appears. Due to lower ash content physical properties of humus-rich endogley soils and peaty-like deposits considerably distinguish from properties of the other soils and deposits founded on the study area.

Influence of Variability of Ryegrass Meadow Soil Conditions on their Natural and Utilization Values

The study presents the findings of research into the effect of the variability of site conditions on their floristic composition providinga basis for the identification of lower phytosociological units. Patches of Arrhenatheretum elatioris described with the assistance ofphytosociological surveys conducted using the Braun-Blanquet method were subjected to multi-criteria evaluation. On their basis, thefollowing parameters were determined: ecological and botanical structure, geographic-historical distribution, the structure of the lifegroupsof the floristic types identified, as well as natural values by the Oświt method and sward fodder value according to Filipek. In orderto determine the causes of the floristic variability observed, the following soil conditions were assessed: moisture content, soil reactionand nitrogen content by Ellenberg’s indicator method, as well as potassium, magnesium and phosphorus content by the appropriatelaboratory methods. Typical forms of Arrhenatheretum elatioris phytocenoses were found to develop on mucky soils in moderately moistsites. Patches of ryegrass occurring in sites with a periodically higher moisture content on organic soils refer to the Alopecuretum pratensisassociation. On the other hand, the sward of ryegrass meadows developed on dryer, mineral soils was characterised by increased numbersof species characteristic for xerothermic swards from the Festuco-Brometea class and sandy plant communities from the Koelerio glauca-Corynephoretea canescentis. More intensive utilization, primarily-fertilisation, was among the causes of the development of species-poorphytocenoses of low natural value but sward of a good fodder value.

Distribution of elements in soils of moraine landscape in Masurian Lakeland

The research was carried out in three catenas, in which the soils made a typical toposequence of the moraine landscape in Masurian Lakeland, i.e. eroded soils, deluvial soils, mucky soils as well as slightly and strongly silted peat-muck soils. The total content of Ca, Mg, K, P, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu was analyzed in these soils. The amounts of soil organic matter and measured elements showed catenal variation. Mucky soils had the highest content of Mg, K, Fe and Na whereas strongly and slightly silted peat-muck soils contained the highest amounts of P, Mn, Ca and Cu. The content of Ca was positively correlated with organic matter content. The amount of Mg, K, Cu and Mn was positively correlated with the amount of clay fraction. As the studied soils are located at the bottom of a slope, downwards water flow, where mineral compounds are accumulated in deposits or dissolved in water, mucky soils and silted peat-muck soils contain high amounts of the analyzed elements. Mucky soils and silted peat-muck soils play a role of biogeochemical barriers protecting wetlands against nutrients from surrounding moraine uplands. Surface horizons of deluvial soils were depleted of the analyzed elements (excluding P) whereas AO horizons of mucky soils and Mt horizons of peat-muck soils were abundant in the measured elements (excluding Ca). Various amounts of the analyzed elements in the pedons of the catena sequences should be taken into consideration when planning land use in the moraine landscape, which has unique natural values.

Distribution of earthworms in soils of Yakutia

The distribution of earthworms in 18 types of tundra, middle-taiga, alas, and floodplain soils of Yakutia has been studied. The species Eisenia nordenskioldi is typical of Yakutian soils. The area, population density, and seasonal dynamics of earthworms in permafrost-affected soils have been determined. It is shown that earthworms are absent in excessively moist peat-muck permafrost-affected soils, excessively dry soddy soils of alases (thermokarst depressions), and soddy alluvial soils under steppe communities. The best living conditions for earthworms are associated with meadow floodplain, meadow alas, and mucky calcareous soils.

Characterization of denitrification activity in zones of groundwater exfiltration within a riparian wetland ecosystem

Movement of agricultural nitrogen (N) into riparian buffers often occurs within discrete seepage or upwelling zones which can limit the ability of the ecosystem to process the nutrient delivered by exfiltrating groundwater. Characterization of the biogeochemical processing of N within these zones is important in assessing the effectiveness of riparian buffers for mitigating nutrient loading of surface waters. The biogeochemical potential for denitrification in zones of exfiltration within a riparian buffer wetland dominated by high-carbon mucky soils was found to be highly stratified by profile depth with substantially higher activity in the surface layer of soil. The denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) within these zones was partly related to the population size of denitrifying microorganisms as measured by the most probable number (MPN) as well as the general microbial population as measured by substrate-induced respiration. The addition of glucose to the DEA assay stimulated enzyme activity indicating that carbon substrate was limiting activity. The stratification patterns of microbial populations and DEA are consistent with new carbon inputs to the ecosystem being most important driver of biogeochemical reactions such as denitrification in this high-carbon environment. A survey of carbon inputs to the ecosystem under study identified two major sources that contribute most of the annual biomass carbon inputs to the wetland: skunk cabbage in early summer and tree leaf litter in the fall. Tests of the ability of annually deposited wetland plant residues to stimulate denitrification and microbial respiration indicated that the degree of stimulation was inversely related to the C/N ratio of these carbon sources.

Coastal Lowland in the Soma Area, Fukushima Prefecture

Hilis and coastal lowlands alternate in the coastal area of Fukushima Prefecture. The coastal lowlands are uplifted drowned valleys. The author investigated Soma area in the northern part of this coastal area, and is especially concerned with the Jomon transgression, and the landforms consisting of fluival deposits and surface material. The sea seems to have reached up to the 5m contour line during early Jomon time and bays were formed. The speed of aggradation depends on the scale of rivers which flowed down the coastal lowland.There are some differences in the development of landforms and surface materials at each coastal lowland. On the coastal lowlands with small rivers, fluvial deposits are hardly found and mucky soils are widely distributed. On the other hand, on the coastal lowlands with large rivers, floodplains and natural levees develop well. But, there are some differences between Nakamura area and Haramachi area, in spite of the same scale of rivers flowing. In the Haramachi area, sandy and gravelly soil develops more than Nakamura area, and its river carries gravel to the coast. By the way, coast in the Haramachi area is rapidly retreated and it is said that since terrace building southern area of this coast is uplifted compared with the northern area. These bring the differences.In conclusion, the author considers that shoreline process, scale of river and tectonic movement are important factors for the development of coastal lowlands.