MQTT Server Research Articles

A cost-effective ECG monitoring in rural areas: leveraging artificial neural networks for efficient healthcare solutions

Cardiovascular diseases engender serious public health concerns in developing nations since access to specialized medical equipment is often limited and standard treatment expenses can be prohibitive. This study proposes an efficient and relatively affordable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system that reads and analyzes a person's electrocardiogram data to provide affordable and quality healthcare solutions. The device initially extracts features from electrocardiogram records by reading electrical signals in the heart. Extracted data are then analyzed by a trained deep learning model to determine precisely if the heart is in a healthy state or undergoing complexities. Experimental results showed that the fine-tuned ANN architecture outperformed the state-of-the-art architectures in this field with an accuracy of 98.95%. The data can also be sent to specialists through an MQTT server if necessary, allowing for remote diagnosis and treatment. The system is intended to be deployed in countries where rural regions lack access to specialized healthcare equipment and professionals. Additionally, the device is inexpensive and, hence can be made accessible to people with limited affordability.

Rancang Bangun Prototipe Home Automation Menggunakan Teknologi Internet Of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is often used to monitor and control electronic equipment remotely using the internet. The implementation of Internet of Things technology can be applied to home automation. The implementation of IoT in a home automation system (home automation) can be used to control home lights, home temperature, and electronic plates in the home, and it can even be used to determine the whereabouts of home occupants. In this research, we will create a home automation prototype with the Internet of Things concept, which can be built using the NodeMCU module integrated with a web application. The data communication system in home automation will communicate with the MQTT server and can send data (publish) and receive data (subscribe). The home automation system can carry out manual or scheduled monitoring and control. It can provide notifications whenever a change in the condition or status of the device is being monitored or controlled. Changes in conditions can also occur through sensor readings connected to the NodeMCU module.

LoRa and IoT-based Heart Rate and Temperature Monitoring Tool Using MQTT Protocol

Heart rate is one of the most important organs in the human body as it plays a role in the circulatory system. Body temperature is the result of the body's metabolic processes and is influenced by external and internal factors. In this research, we design a monitoring tool that uses LoRa and IoT technology to monitor heart rate and human body temperature. This tool aims to provide real-time health monitoring and can communicate remotely. MQTT allows efficient data transmission between connected devices in the network. Pulse heart rate sensor and temperature sensor MLX90614 The data obtained from these two sensors is sent through the LoRa network to the LoRa gateway. The LoRa gateway functions as a link between the monitoring device and the MQTT server. The gateway receives data from the monitoring device via the LoRa network and forwards it to the MQTT server via an internet connection. The MQTT server sends the data to an application that can be accessed via a smartphone. The test results show that the RSSI value of -72.5 dBm is obtained when the minimum distance is 5 metres. The lowest value for RSSI, which is -93.5 dBm, is obtained at the maximum testing distance of about 55 metres. For the results of the packet loss value is 0% occurs at a closer distance, but at a distance of 50m (5%) and at a distance of 55m (20%) indicates that the signal begins to weaken or experience interference at a greater distance

Construction of Hotel Resource Information Platform Based on the Internet of Things Technology

In order to meet the expectations and needs of hotel managers and hotel occupants, the author proposes a smart hotel system based on the six-domain model of the Internet of things. The system has designed the intelligent hotel guest control unified management cloud platform in detail, including hotel management, guest room management, equipment management, scene management, authority management, system management, Tmall wizard docking, WeChat applet interface, and MQTT client; we design a smart hotel room controller (RCU) hardware system based on Espressif ESP32 (WiFi Soc) and realize centralized management and control of curtains, lamps, air conditioners, and other equipment in hotel rooms; RCU connects to the MQTT server through WiFi and exchanges and controls data with the cloud intelligent platform by means of message subscription and publishing. At the same time, the equipment set of RCU can be arbitrarily cut and added according to the actual hotel scene, and the logic control function can be reconstructed and designed according to the user’s personalized requirements. In addition, considering the edge-cloud computing processing scheme, the framework of the system is designed and the software to simulate the edge-cloud computing system is finally used; the system simulation results show that the total failure rate of the edge-cloud computing structure is less than 5%, and the processing time of the task is relatively short. Conclusion. It can meet the needs of diversified application scenarios of smart hotels.

Optimized Hand Gesture Based Home Automation for Feebles

Abstract: Home automation innovation is utilized to plan and actualize inaccessible, vitality proficient and versatile keen homes with the essential highlights that guarantee inhabitant consolation and security. A savvy domestic robotization framework that mechanizes fans, lights, and other apparatuses for individuals with disabilities, the elderly, and out of commission patients utilizing hand signals. The framework comprises networks (sensors and gadget actuators and cameras that portray a controller that communicates with a hand-off that speaks to the client interface and an Arduino microcontroller). Smart homes are cost effective since they utilize video handling frameworks and sensors. Send and get commands utilizing the MQTT server. It employs a remote WIFI module named Esp8266 NodeMCU to supply smooth and hassle-free WIFI use.

Monitoring of MQTT-based Messaging Server

In the messaging server where many devices send and receive messages, the ability to monitor the performance of the server and characteristics of the messaging is essential. This paper decides MQTT as the messaging protocol, and analyzes and defines key parameters that show the performance of the MQTT server and the characteristics of MQTT communication like MQTT message topics. In addition, this paper built an MQTT messaging server for testing by using Mosquitto as a MQTT broker and a separate monitoring system to monitor defined key parameters. In this paper, the system for monitoring the performance of the MQTT messaging server was built into three parts: a dashboard server, a monitoring application, and a test load generator. The test load generator is configured to generate a large amount of MQTT message load using 11 Raspberry PIs. The monitoring application was developed and installed on the MQTT server computer and periodically stored the server's performance and the MQTT message-related parameters processed by Mosquitto in the dashboard server's DB. The dashboard server was developed as a web server and implemented so that the administrator can view the data stored in the DB through a web browser in real time. Through experiments that generate various loads in the test load generator, it has been confirmed that the monitoring system operates normally. The monitoring system built in this paper is expected to be a good model of the monitoring system to be built together when developing an MQTT-based messaging server.

Retracted] Internet of Things‐Based Patient Cradle System with an Android App for Baby Monitoring with Machine Learning

It is becoming more popular because of the widespread availability of high‐speed Internet and the widespread use of mobile phones, both of which are contributing to its rise in popularity. One such significant issue is the use of mobile phones by working parents to keep an eye on the behaviour of their children while they are babysitting for others, which is a significant concern. This study introduces the notion of a smart cradle, which enables for this kind of video monitoring to be carried out on an infant. An infant’s scream triggers the automated swinging of this cradle, which begins when the sensor detects it. In addition, if the baby’s cry persists for an extended period of time, the gadget triggers a buzzer and sends a text message to the phone, signalling that the cradle is no longer capable of handling the infant and that the baby needs human assistance if the cradle’s mattress is wet. This cradle is equipped with an automatic spinning toy for the baby’s entertainment, which reduces the likelihood of a newborn crying throughout the day. A notable rise in the number of working mothers has been seen in recent years. Consequently, the vast majority of parents place their children in the care of their grandparents or in the care of child‐minding companies. In addition, we developed a new algorithm for our system, which is critical in delivering better newborn care when parents are not there to assist. Due to the fact that parents are unable to continuously monitor their children’s condition in ordinary or atypical situations while they are at work, this is the case. Node is the fundamental building unit of a microcontroller. Over the course of a single day, the controller board will collect data from the sensors and transmit it to the Adafruit MQTT server over Wi‐Fi to be processed. In addition to monitoring the baby’s vital signs, sensors are also used to detect environmental conditions such as the temperature, humidity, and amount of crying in the surroundings. Using the NX Siemens software, a prototype for the cradle was created. Red meranti wood was utilized in its construction. Whenever the baby begins to scream, the system design automatically swings the infant cradle, which is powered by a motor that is built into the system. In addition, parents may use an external web camera to keep checks on the health of their children when they are away from home. Every aspect of this network has been tested to guarantee that it functions effectively and safely at all times.

Design of IoT-based System for Smart Temporary Waste Shelter

Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept where all products can interact with each other to help human activities by utilizing the internet. The IoT system can help solve problems such as the schedule-based retrieval system at a temporary shelter in Indonesia. This paper creates a web-based geographic information system along with the IoT-based waste temporary shelter prototype. The prototype also integrated with an Arduino Microcontroller so that it can sort the waste automatically into three types of waste, then record data in the form of height and weight, and send the results of the data to the database so that the geographic information system can display the results of the data. Node-RED serves as an Application Programming Interface (API) that sends data from the server to the database belonging to a web-based geographic information system. The results of the performance analysis are that the prototype has sorted waste well, and the system also produced good QoS by ETSI standards when looking at the network traffic from the MQTT server to the database, and from the end-user to the web. As for the QoE results for tools and systems have produced good results according to the ITU-T standard.

Landslide Detection

The landslide hazard causes severe loss of life, injury, damage to property, destruction of communication networks and loss of precious soil and land. Landslides are triggered by earthquakes or sudden rock failures. They can also result when the base of a slope is over steepened by excavation or river erosion. Unfortunately, climate change is strengthening the destructive power of natural disasters. In this, Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based disaster detection and response systems have been proposed to cope with disasters and emergencies by improving the disaster detection. Accordingly, IoT devices are used to collect data and help to identify landslide. Here we design a personalized system with a number of sensors to detect landslide situations. Major difference between the proposed system and existing systems is the decentralized and personalized alerting system. The proposed system consists of a Transmitter and a receiver based on LoRa technology. Transmitter is fixed on various location covering the overall mountain region. A single transmitter covers a distance of 10kilometer. The transmitter consists of modules like LoRa transmitter, vibration sensor, piezoelectric sensor, soil moisture sensor and Arduino uno which is the controller of the entire transmitter. Initially the sensor monitors the entire landscape whether there is a landslide occurs or not. If the landslide occurs the GPS coordinates will be transmitted through LoRa. Technically there will be only one receiver and multiple transmitters fixed in different location covering the entire mountain region. Once the GPS coordinates is received by the receiver. The receiver consists of node MCU connected with internet and LoRa receiver is connected with node MCU. Distance between the receiver is displayed in the display and a initial alarm is produced. By using MQTT protocol GPS coordinates is published to the MQTT server or broker. Android application connected to the server will receive the warning.

Elasticity for MQTT Brokers in IoT Applications

Many domains of human life are more and moreimpacted by applications of the Internet of Things (i.e., IoT).The embedded devices produce masses of data day after dayrequiring a strong network infrastructure. The inclusion ofmessaging protocols like MQTT is important to ensure as fewerrors as possible in sending millions of IoT messages. Thisprotocol is a great component of the IoT universe due to itslightweight design and low power consumption. DistributedMQTT systems are typically needed in actual applicationenvironments because centralized MQTT methods cannotaccommodate a massive volume of data. Although beingscalable decentralized MQTT systems, they are not suited totraffic workload variability. IoT service providers may incurexpense because the computing resources are overestimated.This points to the need for a new approach to adapt workloadfluctuation. Through proposing a modular MQTT framework,this article provides such an elasticity approach. In order toguarantee elasticity of MQTT server cluster while maintainingintact IoT implementation, the MQTT framework used offthe-shelf components. The elasticity feature of our frameworkis verified by various experiments.

Visual Design of Landscape Architecture Based on High‐Density Three‐Dimensional Internet of Things

Since different equipment manufacturers may define a set of data transmission protocols of their own types, the high‐density three‐dimensional Internet of Things landscape garden landscape platform needs to provide a unified data transmission interface for the business system. It needs to complete the analysis, storage, and reformatting of different data transmission protocols on the high‐density three‐dimensional Internet of Things landscape service platform. In this paper, based on the conversion analysis between the MLD model of the landscape perception layer of the high‐density three‐dimensional Internet of Things landscape and the automata scheduling model, the conversion of the MLD model of the entire landscape perception layer of the high‐density three‐dimensional IoT landscape and the automata scheduling model is realized. Based on the hierarchical automata high‐density three‐dimensional Internet of Things landscape, this paper studies the global task scheduling and control automata model and the local scheduling automata model in the task, as well as the landscape perception layer rapid scheduling mechanism of independent scheduling strategy. This can be used for different levels of systems to ensure that the perception layer system is orderly, reliable, and fast. They complete the construction of jdk environment, web server, Mongo DB server, MQTT server, JMS server, etc., on the cloud platform. Combined with the landscape, a set of test platforms was built to test the functions and performance indicators of the visualization system cloud platform. The test results show that the cloud platform can realize cross‐platform terminal access, end‐to‐end instant messaging, heterogeneous data processing and storage, etc. It has strong scalability and high processing performance and has application and reference value.

MQTT服务器动态负载均衡的研究与应用

MQTT服务器动态负载均衡的研究与应用

Femone Health Monitoring System

As per the medical reports, each year 4 million newborns die within 28 days of birth and more suffer from disabilities, diseases, infections, and injuries. According to 2017 death rate, about 8,02,000 neonatal deaths are reported in India. The inability to detect any discomforts/criticalness that the babies can go through in the initial stages of life can lead to permanent disabilities/disorders and even death. The absolutely imperative approach to shrunken the mortality rate is to detect neonatal criticalness and give timely attention. Enabling an environment for newborn safety depends on the availability of adequate health-care facilities, equipment’s, medicines and emergency care when needed. Femone Health Monitoring System is developed with an aim to detect the difficulties faced by the babies and make it available to the user as well as doctors for easy diagnosis and treatment. The proposed technique is a wireless noninvasive system which monitors the vital physiological parameters of neonates including heart rate, oxygen level, body temperature, and wetness. Heart rate, oxygen level and body temperature are measured using the principle of photoplethysmography (PPG). The measured parameters are sent to an MQTT server and are published through the Femone app in real-time. The system also records the neonatal conditions in a day to day manner for future reference. A number of clinical trials were conducted in order to check the performance and for validation.

IoT-BBMS: Internet of Things-Based Baby Monitoring System for Smart Cradle

The current number of working mothers has greatly increased. Subsequently, baby care has become a daily challenge for many families. Thus, most parents send their babies to their grandparents' house or to baby care houses. However, the parents cannot continuously monitor their babies' conditions either in normal or abnormal situations. Therefore, an Internet of Things-based Baby Monitoring System (IoT-BBMS) is proposed as an efficient and low-cost IoT-based system for monitoring in real time. We also proposed a new algorithm for our system that plays a key role in providing better baby care while parents are away. In the designed system, Node Micro-Controller Unit (NodeMCU) Controller Board is exploited to gather the data read by the sensors and uploaded via Wi-Fi to the AdaFruit MQTT server. The proposed system exploits sensors to monitor the baby's vital parameters, such as ambient temperature, moisture, and crying. A prototype of the proposed baby cradle has been designed using Nx Siemens software, and a red meranti wood is used as the material for the cradle. The system architecture consists of a baby cradle that will automatically swing using a motor when the baby cries. Parents can also monitor their babies' condition through an external web camera and switch on the lullaby toy located on the baby cradle remotely via the MQTT server to entertain the baby. The proposed system prototype is fabricated and tested to prove its effectiveness in terms of cost and simplicity and to ensure safe operation to enable the baby-parenting anywhere and anytime through the network. Finally, the baby monitoring system is proven to work effectively in monitoring the baby's situation and surrounding conditions according to the prototype.

MQTT 기반 실시간 공조제어 시스템 설계 및 구현

In this paper, an MQTT based protocol is designed and implemented for control, management and monitoring of HVAC in a cloud platform in real time. The MQTT protocol is a two-way messaging protocol, and has the generality, flexibility, light weighted, quickness with reliability and security. In the implemented system, performance and reliability of the communication protocol is considered for data acquisition and control between the CCU and the cloud server. Control and monitoring for the cloud server is performed in real time in conjunction with CCU and the MQTT server.