Mozart Effect Research Articles

Acute effects of Mozart K.448 on interictal epileptiform discharges in adult patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy: A crossover randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThis study aimed to validly assess the efficacy of Mozart K.448 on reducing interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in adult patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy (DRE). MethodsThis is a crossover RCT study. Adults with DRE were included. Stratified 1:1 randomization by epileptic foci i.e., temporal versus extratemporal foci, was performed. Intervention consisted of two study arms i.e., “Mozart arm” and “Control arm”. Study period encompassed 2 consecutive nights, each night consisted of baseline and intervention period. Outcomes were IED number and proportion of patients with significant IED reduction i.e., reduction ≥ 25 %. Within-group, within-subject and between-group analyses were used to test differences of IED number when listened to the Mozart piece as compared with baseline or with Control. ResultsTwenty-six patients were randomized; 13 in Mozart and 13 in Control arm. Overall, 16 (61.54 %) out of 26 patients had significant IED reduction when listening to the Mozart piece, as compared with only 7 (26.92 %) when continuing sleep (silence). Between-group analysis showed that IED number during intervention period i.e., listening to the Mozart piece in Mozart arm and silence in Control arm was significantly different, with a lower number in Mozart arm, 39.5 (IQR 89) vs 56.5 (IQR 114); p = 0.007. ConclusionsOur study demonstrates an acute effect of the Mozart K.448 on reducing IEDs in adult patients with DRE. Patients with temporal rather than extratemporal lobe epilepsy better responded to the Mozart piece. Mozart K.448 is safe and feasible in real practice. Further RCT study assessing its long-term effect is warranted. Trial registrationThai Clinical Trials Registry, TCTR20231019005, 19 October 2023, “retrospectively registered”

Effects of Mozart–Orff parent–child music therapy among mothers and their preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: A mixed-methods randomised controlled trial

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) negatively impacts mental health, particularly in mothers of autistic children who experience heightened stress. Applied behaviour analysis (ABA) and music therapy are recognised interventions for improving ASD symptoms. However, the specific benefits of parent–child music therapy and ABA for autistic children and their mothers remain uncertain. This study evaluated the effects of parent–child music therapy on preschool autistic children and their mothers.MethodA randomised controlled trial was conducted with 100 mother–child pairs assigned to either the control group receiving ABA or the intervention group receiving both music therapy and ABA. Qualitative interviews were conducted post-intervention for 12 mothers.ResultsChildren in the intervention group exhibited lower scores for ASD symptoms than those in the control group. Moreover, mothers in the intervention group demonstrated reduced dysfunctional parent–child interaction, lower overall parental stress, significantly improved family functioning, and increased levels of hope compared with those in the control group. Mothers held positive views regarding music therapy.ConclusionsCombining ABA with parent–child music therapy can alleviate ASD symptoms in children and reduce stress in mothers. Improved parent–child interaction and enhanced family functioning further support the benefits of this combined approach. Parent–child music therapy, combined with ABA demonstrated positive outcomes for autistic children, including reduced ASD symptoms, improved parent–child interaction, decreased parental stress, enhanced family functioning, and increased hope. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating music therapy as a valuable component in the comprehensive treatment of ASD.Trial registrationThis study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial registry (05/07/2021, ChiCTR2100048261, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=128957). Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University and the study hospital (Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital; 2017 − 105), and informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s).

The Impact of Music on Student Concentration: Exploring Genre and Productivity

Concentration is one of the most important factors in determining a person’s efficiency and work ethic. There has not been much study done on the manipulation of concentration to determine its direct effects on efficiency. Listening to music while studying has also become prominent in Generation Z. This paper strives to explore the correlation between listening to music and adolescents’ concentration levels. A literature review was conducted using Google Scholar and a study was conducted on 25 high school students from the same school in Georgia. The Mozart effect and Arousal Mood hypothesis were explored within the literature review to help understand why music affects people. The results indicated that those with higher productivity tend to listen to music less. This negative finding as obtained from the study does not support the current trend of listening to music while studying. This study enriches the research on music and sparks necessary future investigations on specifics such as genre. These specifics would deepen our understanding which could make music an even more powerful tool.

The positive Mozart effect on people with epilepsy: Is there some truth in this claim?

The positive treatment effect of Mozart's melody on patients with epilepsy, which was propagated in the late 1990s, was investigated in 29 papers. Commonly, the first movement of the sonata for two pianos KV 448 was played with many repetitions. At least a fifth of the patients achieved a reduction of seizure frequency of more than 50%. Patients with epileptic discharges from the occipital lobe responded very rarely. The mechanism of the effect is not clear, but the melodic aspects seem to have a significant role in this context.

COMBINATION OF ETHNOMATHEMATICS AND THE MOZART EFFECT TO IMPROVE PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS AND MATHEMATICAL DISPOSITION

The background of this research is that student learning outcomes in analytical geometry lecture during the transition from pandemic to Covid-19 endemic are still low, which is due to a lack of student interest in learning, and they are still accustomed to online learning, thus having an impact on their low problem-solving skills and mathematical disposition. This research aims to determine to what extent the implementation of ethnomathematics and the Mozart effect can improve students' problem-solving skills and mathematical disposition in analytical geometry lecture during the transition from pandemic to endemic COVID-19, so the research is important to do. The implementation of ethnomathematics and the Mozart effect in mathematics learning is unique because it is a combination of learning approaches that have never been used before in Indonesia and other countries. The research method used was a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design because this research was experimental and sample determination was not carried out randomly, but using purposive sampling technique on the second-semester students of the mathematics undergraduate program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. The instruments used in this study were problem-solving skills test, mathematical disposition scale, and students’ attitude questionnaire toward learning with the implementation of ethnomathematics and the Mozart effect. The results showed that: (1) problem-solving skills of students who received learning by implementing ethnomathematics and the Mozart effect are better than students who achieved direct instruction; (2) mathematical disposition of students who received learning by implementing ethnomathematics and the Mozart effect is better than students who achieved direct instruction; and (3) students are interested and motivated to learn mathematics by implementing ethnomathematics and the Mozart effect. This research concludes that the implementation of ethnomathematics and the Mozart effect can improve students' problem-solving skills and mathematical disposition in analytical geometry lecture during the transition period from the pandemic to endemic COVID-19. It can be seen from good average post test scores achieved by students.

Can Brief Listening to Mozart's Music Improve Visual Working Memory? An Update on the Role of Cognitive and Emotional Factors.

The aim of this research was to enhance understanding of the relationship between brief music listening and working memory (WM) functions. The study extends a previous large-scale experiment in which the effects of brief exposure to music on verbal WM were explored. In the present second phase of the experiment, these effects were assessed for the visuospatial subcomponent of WM. For that aim, visuospatial WM was measured using the Corsi blocks task-backwards and Visual Patterns Test in a large sample of 311 young and older adults after being exposed to musical excerpts coming from different music composers (Mozart, Vivaldi, Glass). To account for possible effects of arousal, a silence condition was used. Individual preference for music excerpts and emotional reactions to each condition were also subjectively rated using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) to account for the role of emotional reactions in shaping subsequent cognitive performance. Results showed that music affected the visuospatial sketchpad of WM. In line with the previously described Mozart effect, only Mozart's music had a significant positive impact on visuospatial WM in the two age groups, regardless of preferences, and on overall age-related WM decline in older adults. The Mozart effect was more prominent for the VPT than the Corsi task and was also expressed for the prevailing positive effect. These observations are in contrast to the selective influence of Vivaldi's music on verbal WM that was detected in our first study. Together, the results demonstrate a differential music influence on the phonological loop and on the visuospatial sketchpad. They thus contribute to the debate of whether music has the potential to affect distinct processes within working memory in an excerpt- or composer-specific manner. Also, they suggest that emotional activation and central executive attention are essentially involved in modulating the influence of music on subsequent cognition. These findings can assist in the selection of music excerpts used in cognitive rehabilitation programs that focus on visuospatial skills.

An analysis of the relationship of "the Mozart effect" with BDNF levels in anatomy education.

In 1993, an increase was observed in the spatial IQ scores of the volunteers who listened to Mozart's sonata K448 for 10 min, and this phenomenon entered the literature as the "Mozart effect." Other studies have shown that this effect is particularly evident in spatial skill tests. A large body of research has provided evidence that spatial ability is associated with success in learning anatomy. In this study, Kastamonu University Faculty of Medicine students were divided into two groups during 16-h practical training spanning 30 days. While one of the groups listened to Mozart's K448 sonata as the background music in all lessons, the control group attended the lessons in their standard form. At the end of each lesson, all students solved a modified mental rotation test including questions involving anatomical structures. Before starting the study, after the first laboratory class, on the 15th and 30th day of the study, blood samples were taken from the participants, and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were determined. The effect of time on mental rotation score and plasma BDNF level was significant (p < 0.001 for both). The effect of group was also significant (p < 0.001 for both). Pairwise comparisons showed significance in the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth mental rotation test (p < 0.001, p = 0.041, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) and in the third (Day 15) and fourth (Day 30) BDNF measurement (p < 0.001 for both). Our findings may indicate that specific background music may be useful for anatomy teaching.

The Mozart effect in chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Clinical research has not been able to establish whether the differences between first- and second-generation BCR-ABL 1 kinase inhibitors are clinically relevant with regard to outcome. In the study by Alcazer etal., a relevant difference seems to emerge-paradoxically in the absence of the drugs-as demonstrated by differences in the relapse kinetics after cessation of therapy. Commentary on: Alcazer etal. Kinetics of molecular recurrence after tyrosine kinase inhibitor cessation in chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukaemia patients. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1536-1539.

Evaluation of the effect of Mozart’s music on stress, anxiety, and dexterity levels of dental students in preclinical endodontic training using a haptic virtual reality simulator

Evaluation of the effect of Mozart’s music on stress, anxiety, and dexterity levels of dental students in preclinical endodontic training using a haptic virtual reality simulator

The Influence of Music on the Development of the Childʼs Psyche

The article presents a theoretical analysis of the problem of the influence of music on the development of the child's psyche. It is noted that music occupies a special place in the upbringing of preschool children because of the connection with it on an emotional level. The influence of musical education on the development of attention, memory, artistic and imaginative thinking and other mental processes through instrumental performance, singing and rhythmic gymnastics is considered. The development of musical intelligence in a child in the prenatal period is presented for consideration. The connection of music with mathematics for the development of the psyche is analyzed. The influence of classical music and the Mozart effect is studied. In conclusion, the effect of various styles of music on the psyche of adolescents is considered.

The effect of Mozart's classical music on blood pressure in Wistar white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Introduction: Classical music has beneficial effects on heart rate variability and also reduces one's stress levels due to parasympathetic dominance. Mozart's classical music was shown to provide subsequent short-term enhancement of spatial-temporal reasoning ability. This research aimed to study the effect of Mozart's classical music on blood pressure. Methods: The design of this study is true experimental with a post-test-only design with a control group. Thirty Wistar white rats were randomized by simple random sampling method into the control group and experimental group receiving Mozart’s classical music for 90 minutes, twice daily for 1, 3, and 4 weeks. SBP, DBP, and MAP were measured and analyzed using descriptive analysis, Shapiro Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon Sign Rank test. Results: DBP and MAP of the experimental group week 1 and 3 were significantly different from the control group. There were significant differences between SBP, DBP, and MAP of experimental group week 1 from week 3 (p=0.00, p=0.00, p=0.00 respectively) and week 1 from week 4 (p=0.00, p=0.00, p=0.00). Conclusion: Listening to Mozart's classical music has a direct effect on blood pressure.

Relaxing Effect of Mozart's Classical Music on the Autonomic Nervous System and Stress Index in an Elderly Man

Relaxing Effect of Mozart's Classical Music on the Autonomic Nervous System and Stress Index in an Elderly Man

The reverse Mozart effect: music disrupts verbal working memory irrespective of whether you like it or not

ABSTRACT People believe most background sounds to disrupt their cognitive performance. An exception is music they like which is believed to improve cognitive performance. To examine the objective effects of music on cognitive performance, the serial-recall paradigm was used. Mozart’s sonata K. 448 – the music piece used in classical studies on the Mozart effect – caused distraction. However, with ongoing exposure to the music participants were able to adapt to some degree to the distracting effect of the music under conditions that increased the predictability of the sounds, suggesting that the development of a predictive model of the unfolding auditory input helped to diminish distraction. Retrospective metacognitive judgements indicated that the more participants liked the music the more likely they were to judge that it had helped their performance. However, serial recall was disrupted by the music irrespective of whether the music was liked or not.

The Effectiveness of Music Therapy on Reducing Anxiety Levels in Maternity Mothers

Anxiety during labor can be a comorbidity and lead to low birth weight, preterm or preterm labor, hypertension and an increased risk of asthma. The effects of music therapy have been studied and promise a decrease in anxiety levels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Mozart's classical music therapy on the anxiety level of maternity mothers at UPT Puskesmas Ciomas. Research design quasy experimental one group pre-post test. 31 maternity mothers who entered the latent phase 1 to the end of the active phase 1 during the study period were studied with the HARS instrument. Bivariate analysis will be performed with an independent t test. Based on bivariate analysis, it was reported that Mozart's classical music therapy could reduce anxiety levels and was statistically significant (p value 0.012 &lt; 0.05). Mozart's classical music therapy can calm and reduce anxiety levels in maternity mothers.

Indonesian Music Education, Industry, and Lifestyle

Purpose: This research attempts to conduct a careful study of the influence of political, social, and industrial dynamics in Indonesia, which gave birth to the forms and products of music education. Method: This study uses a multidisciplinary cultural approach as the object researched is multidimensional. In its title, there are some entities: music education, industry, and lifestyle. Results and discussion: As with music (culture) itself, music education, which incidentally is one of the main foundations for the development of music, of course, does not just exist. Various searches have successfully linked the relationship between music education and the political and social dynamics in which music develops. Implication: Likewise, the growing trend affects the form of music products in the music industry. The phenomenon of the 'Mozart effect' as one of the trends in the music education industry, its controversy, and its presence in the realm of industrial promotion have become essential references for stringing a common thread of connection with other exciting phenomena in this study.

Unfounded authority, underpowered studies, and non-transparent reporting perpetuate the Mozart effect myth: a multiverse meta-analysis

In recent years, an ostensible Mozart effect, suggesting beneficial influences of listening to the sonata KV448 on epilepsy, has been extensively covered in popular media outlets. However, the evidential value of such a potential effect seems unclear. Here, we present the first formal meta-analysis on this topic, based on k = 8 studies (N = 207). Further published studies that met our inclusion criteria had to be omitted due to insufficient reporting and author non-responsiveness on data requests. In three independent analyses, we observed non-significant trivial-to-small summary effects for listening to Mozart KV448 or other musical stimuli on epilepsy or other medical conditions (g range: 0.09–0.43). Bias and sensitivity analyses suggested that these effects were likely inflated and non-trivial effects were driven by isolated leverage points. Multiverse analyses conformed to these results, showing inconsistent evidential patterns. Low primary study power and consequently lacking evidential value indicates that there is only little reason to suspect a specific Mozart effect. In all, listening to music, let alone a specific kind of sonata, does not appear to have any beneficial effect on epilepsy. Unfounded authority, underpowered studies, and non-transparent reporting appear to be the main drivers of the Mozart effect myth.

Certain frequency music has attracted attention for possible effective healing

Music has various power for human body and mind. For 12 music tone, two types of scales are Pythagorean Tuning (just intonation) and equal temperament. This minute difference may generate human feeling for music. Music with 528Hz frequency has been in focus as healing music, which is called as “solfeggio frequency music”. Certain frequency music has been known such as 96, 432, 528, 639, 852 Hz, that contributes reducing tension and anxiety. It seems to show beneficial efficacy, but scientific evidence is not enough. Similar to former Mozart effect, further accumulation of evidence and research development will be expected.

Disentangling the Rhythm from the Melody: What Really Causes the Mozart Effect?

The Mozart Effect refers to enhanced spatial ability following listening to 10 minutes of Mozart music (Rauscher et al., 1993; Rauscher et al., 1995; Rideout &amp; Taylor, 1997). However, many researchers have not been able to replicate its benefit on cognitive functioning (McKelvie &amp; Low, 2002; Steele et al., 1999) while other researchers provide evidence that the intellectual benefit may not be due to the music exclusively, but to changes in mood and arousal levels (Cacciafesta et al., 2010; Steele, 2000; Lints &amp; Gadbois, 2003; Thompson et al., 2001). Furthermore, it is unclear whether this Mozart Effect is the result of the melody or the rhythmic pattern of the Mozart music (Shi, 2020). Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine which musical element (i.e., melody or rhythmic pattern) of Mozart’s sonata (Mozart Sonata for Two Piano’s in D major, K. 448) causes the spatial performance enhancement and to determine if the benefit generalizes to another type of spatial ability, specifically 2D mental rotation. In order to disentangle the effects of the rhythm from the melody, we exposed participants to a Lo-fi (i.e., reproduction of audio that highlights the rhythmic pattern of Mozart’s sonata with a slower tempo) version of the Mozart sonata that maintained the rhythmic pattern of the sonata but differed in melody. Inconsistent with hypotheses, neither version of the Mozart music significantly improved mood and arousal; however, the mood/arousal benefits approached significance while the control music, Albinoni’s Adagio in G Minor for Organ and Strings, significantly decreased mood/arousal. Thus, the current results provide some evidence that the rhythmic pattern (as opposed to the melody) of the Mozart sonata increases mood/arousal. However, the rhythmic pattern failed to produce better cognitive functioning (e.g., faster 2D mental rotation) in either its original form or the Lo-fi form.

Does classical music make you smarter? A meta-analysis based on generalized Mozart effect

Does classical music make you smarter? A meta-analysis based on generalized Mozart effect

Effect of Mozart's music on the learning of toothbrushing behavior in children with high and low dental anxiety levels.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mozart's music on the learning of toothbrushing behavior in children with high and low dental anxiety levels. A randomized, controlled, single-blinded, and observational study was conducted with 60 children, aged 8-12, who were recruited to high dental anxiety level (HDAL) and low dental anxiety level (LDAL) groups. Both groups were divided into two equal subgroups (with or without Mozart's music). In the Mozart's music subgroups, children were exposed to Mozart's Sonata for 7min and toothbrushing training was given accompanied by music. The training was instructed to the second subgroup without listening to Mozart's music. The periodontal measurements were repeated after 15days. Three-factor variance analysis was used to analyze the data. There was a statistically significant decrease in plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) scores in the follow-up visits for all groups (p < 0.05). A statistically significant decrease was found in PI values between groups with or without music in those with HDAL (p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were found between groups with or without music in those with LDAL (p = 0.07). Listening to Mozart's music before toothbrushing training had a significant effect on plaque removal in children with high dental anxiety, while Mozart's music did not have a positive effect in the group with low dental anxiety. The use of Mozart's music may be beneficial in oral hygiene education for children with high dental anxiety levels.