Moves Ahead Research Articles

EU Renewable Energy Governance and the Ukraine War: Moving Ahead Through Strategic Flexibility?

When faced with highly heterogeneous national conditions and preferences, the EU has often resorted to differentiation to ensure political support for advancing common policies. Despite growing scholarly interest in differentiation in the EU, conceptual clarity and empirical evidence of different forms of differentiation are still in a nascent stage. Particularly the use of differentiation in times of crisis needs to be better understood. To address this research gap, we investigate differentiation in the EU renewable energy policy in response to the crisis stirred by Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. We find that the EU successfully used the Ukraine crisis to increase the ambition of renewable energy policy, but this was accompanied by various and often novel forms of differentiation. Rather than formally exempting countries from common EU provisions (differentiated integration), EU decision-makers strategically incorporated flexibility in implementation, often tailored to a few outlier countries. Strategic flexibility was instrumental in overcoming political disagreements among national governments and adopting a more ambitious and comprehensive renewable energy policy. Our findings contribute conceptually and empirically to understanding various forms of differentiation in EU policymaking and how they are employed to facilitate the building of political majorities during crises.

A Contextual Analysis of the “Move Ahead” Curriculum Impact on ESL Student's Learning and Acquisition

Education is the only component that plays a tangible role in the occurrence of countries and nations renaissance and development. The curriculum represents the main core of educational courses at schools and universities. The design of the curriculum can be nurtured through students’ points of view because they will study it. The objective of the current paper is to provide a contextual analysis of one of the Macmillan Education Curriculums “Move Ahead” which is taught to grade 7 British Department students in one of the United Arab Emirates Schools. The researcher utilized a designed google-form questionnaire to collect data. The study was conducted in Abu Dhabi on ESL school students following Cambridge University Curriculum. The findings showed that most students are interested in the topics offered by the curriculum; however, students depend on their teachers and other resources to compensate for the weaknesses in some skills which require modification and update in the curriculum. Students’ perspectives and notions about the material they are using in their learning can be suggested in designing curriculums for further academic enhancement. The results reflected how students’ participation in criticizing can lead editors to take into consideration that learners’ ages, attitudes, cultures, and perspectives are influential and create comfort during self-created curriculums.

DARWIN’S DARWINISM FOR DIGITAL DARWINISM AND MOVING AHEAD WITH DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

DARWIN’S DARWINISM FOR DIGITAL DARWINISM AND MOVING AHEAD WITH DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

A Changed Constitutional Perception of International Law: Demonstrating the Move Ahead With a Turned Back Head?

Abstract Russia has entered a new epoch in its attitude to international law by adopting two small amendments to the Constitution. The 2020 Law “On an Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation” introduced a package of numerous modifications. A few key ones deal with international law. Formally, they relate to the very particular issue on the possibility of refusing to comply with the decisions of international jurisdictional bodies, but in essence, they reflect a fundamental change in the country’s attitude to its obligations in the international community and the role of international law in general. The article assesses the significance of these amendments for the Russian legal system and shows the origins of such a change which was first indicated by the decision of the Russian Constitutional Court (RCC) and the federal constitutional law in 2015. Now this change is incorporated into the Constitution. Supporters of the changes are trying to assure that Russia follows the experience of western countries that conduct a similar policy towards the international courts. The article asserts that the argumentation used in such statements is incomplete and inexact; the real situation of relations between western countries and these courts is different. Russia is essentially the only country with an approved position on the acts of international jurisdictional bodies. It is shown that ensuring the supremacy of the Constitution by the amendments is senseless from a legal point of view. The true meaning of them is to erect barriers to “inconvenient” decisions of international bodies. Failure to comply with them entails a violation of obligations under international law. The amendments are to illustrate a demonstrative movement forward, presumably in line with current realities but in fact, this is a movement with a head turned back, a returning to the past. This policy has already become one of logical steps to Russia’s withdrawal from the Council of Europe (CoE).

One Move Ahead — Diagnosing and Countering Russian Reflexive Control

ABSTRACT Russia’s dramatic return as a malign actor in geopolitics has generated a renewed focus on Russian ‘Reflexive Control Theory’, an information warfare technique in which one actor successfully causes another to voluntarily make decisions to its own detriment by providing carefully selected information. Reflexive control theory has its roots in Soviet-era game theory and is based to a large degree on the remnants of Marxist-Leninist dialectal approaches to cognition and decision-making. A ‘theory of moves’ decision-making model illustrates how Russia practices both ‘constructive’ and ‘destructive’ reflexive control in tandem to induce catastrophic decision-making by its targets. While reflexive control is a dangerous tool under the right conditions, it can be diagnosed and countered once its predicates and characteristics are fully understood.

Element-Based Multi-Objective Optimization Methodology Supporting a Transportation Asset Management Framework for Bridge Planning and Programming

The U.S. Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) mandates the development of a risk-based transportation asset management plan and the use of a performance-based approach in transportation planning and programming. This paper introduces a systematic element-based multi-objective optimization (EB-MOO) methodology integrated into a goal-driven transportation asset management framework to improve bridge management and support state departments of transportation with their transition efforts to comply with these MAP-21 requirements. The methodology focuses on the bridge asset class and is structured around five modules: data processing, improvement, element-level optimization, bridge-level optimization, and network-level optimization modules. It relies on a leading-edge forecasting model, three separate screening processes (i.e., the element deficiency, alternative feasibility, and solution superiority screening processes) to overcome computer memory and processing time limitations, and a simulation arrangement to generate life-cycle alternatives (series of improvement actions). Additionally, the EB-MOO methodology consists of three levels of optimization assessment based on the Pareto optimality concept: element-level, bridge-level, and network-level (following either a top-down or bottom-up approach). A robust metaheuristic genetic algorithm handles the different multi-objective optimization problems. A prototyping tool was developed for the implementation of the methodology through several examples of unconstrained and constrained (by budget, performance, or both) scenarios. Results reveal the capability of the methodology to generate Pareto optimal or near-optimal solutions, predict performance, and determine funding requirements and short- and long-term intervention strategies detailed at the bridge-element level for planning and programming. The EB-MOO methodology can also be expanded to accommodate other asset classes or modes.

Job Programs for People With SMI Continue Through Economic Uncertainty

Job Programs for People With SMI Continue Through Economic Uncertainty

Increasing Financial Empowerment among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Growth Curve Analysis.

Financial empowerment interventions are often used with survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) to improve their financial well-being. However, few evaluations actually measure financial empowerment as an outcome. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop and test a conceptual model for financial empowerment and then use the model to evaluate the effectiveness of a financial literacy intervention at increasing financial empowerment for survivors. The conceptual model was guided by Christens' nomological network for psychological empowerment and included four components: emotional, cognitive, relational, and behavioral. The analyses used data from a randomized controlled trial evaluating Moving Ahead, a financial literacy program developed for IPV survivors (n=449). To determine whether this intervention was effective at increasing financial empowerment for survivors over time, confirmatory factor analyses were run to test for longitudinal measurement invariance, followed by a curve-of-factors growth model (CFM) with assignment as a time-invariant predictor of change. Strict partial longitudinal measurement invariance was achieved and CFM results found assignment to be significantly associated with both initial status (.054, p=.042) and change over time (.114, p=.000). Results suggest that this conceptual model for financial empowerment fit the data well and the intervention was effective.

LOOKING BACK IN ORDER TO MOVE AHEAD AS A LEADER: A Personal Journey Line Narrative Exercise

This article outlines a personal Journey Line Narrative exercise aimed at enhancing leader authenticity and effectiveness by asking students to “look back” and identify their core values, as well as the formative experiences that helped solidify those values. The Journey Line Narrative encourages reflection and self-awareness by asking students to answer the question “Who am I?”, to articulate this reflection to a mentor, and to distill this reflection into a coherent essay. This exercise can be useful in courses focused on leader development by helping aspiring leaders develop and communicate their authenticity, core values, and purpose

The History of Laboratory Medicine Part 1: 1970-1977; Laboratory Medicine Moves Ahead.

The History of Laboratory Medicine Part 1: 1970-1977; Laboratory Medicine Moves Ahead.

Systems Engineering, Data Analytics, and Systems Thinking: Moving Ahead to New and More Complex Challenges

ABSTRACTDuring the last decade, industries in advanced economies have experienced significant changes in their engineering and manufacturing practices, processes, and technologies that have the potential to create a resurgence in their engineering and manufacturing activities. This phenomenon referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 ‐ a term used commonly in Europe about high digitization in manufacturing, loosely equivalent to advanced manufacturing used in the United States. The term's basis comes from advanced manufacturing and engineering technologies, such as massive digitization, big data analytics, advanced robotics and adaptive automation, additive and precision manufacturing (3D printing), modeling and simulation, artificial intelligence, and the nano‐engineering of materials. This revolution presents challenges and opportunities to the systems engineering discipline. For example, virtually all systems will have porous and ill‐defined boundaries and requirements. Under Industry 4.0, systems will have access to large types and numbers of external devices, and enormous quantities of data, which must undergo analysis through data analytics. It is, therefore, the right time for enhancing the development and application of data‐driven and evidence‐based systems engineering. One of the trends in data analytics is the shift from detection to prognosis and predictive monitoring in systems testing and maintenance using prognostics and health monitoring (PHM). Also, it is proposed to practice evidence‐based risk management as a more effective approach for managing the systems’ risks.

Systems Engineering, Data Analytics, and Systems Thinking: Moving Ahead to New and More Complex Challenges

AbstractDuring the last decade, industries in advanced economies have experienced significant changes in their engineering and manufacturing practices, processes, and technologies that have the potential to create a resurgence in their engineering and manufacturing activities. This phenomenon is often referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0,1 and is based on advanced manufacturing and engineering technologies, such as massive digitization, big data analytics, advanced robotics and adaptive automation, additive and precisions manufacturing (e.g., 3‐D printing), modeling and simulation, artificial intelligence, and the nano‐engineering of materials. This revolution presents challenges and opportunities to the systems engineering discipline. For example, virtually all systems will have porous and ill‐defined boundaries and requirements. Under Industry 4.0, systems will have access to large types and numbers of external devices, and to enormous quantities of data, which have to be analyzed through data analytics. It is therefore the right time for enhancing the development and application of data‐driven and evidence‐based systems engineering. One of the trends in data analytics is the shift from detection to prognosis and predictive monitoring in systems testing and maintenance using Prognostics and Health Monitoring (PHM). Also, it is proposed to practice evidence‐based risk management as a more effective approach for managing the systems’ risks.System properties like reliability, safety, and security are very important systems attributes. So, it is proposed to integrate such “ilities” into the systems engineering processes by introducing modern methodologies based on data analytics and systems theories. Modeling and simulation are going through impressive developments in this era. It is imperative for the systems engineer to exploit these advancements for system design, operation, and demonstration. Companies which are striving to introduce the advancements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution may apply the maturity level assessment tool proposed in this paper. We therefore provide here a context, an assessment tool and a roadmap for enhancement in system engineering designed to meet the challenges of industry 4.0.The paper also evaluates the INCOSE VISION 2025 with a critical view to see if it meets the challenges and opportunities of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.Finally, it is suggested herein that systems engineering needs a new model which we refer to as “the double helix.” This model emphasizes the tight connection that systems engineering must have with applied systems thinking, as well as the new properties and processes, such as data analytics, security, safety, reliability, risks, and resilience, that must be integrated into the process. Following an introduction, the paper includes 13 sections that map different aspects of challenges for systems engineering in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The roadmap this presents is designed to provide both researchers and practitioners with a practical agenda for addressing emerging Industry 4.0 challenges and opportunities.

Looking Back to Move Ahead: Interprofessional Education in Dental Education.

Interprofessional education (IPE) is a widely recognized and critical component of dental and health professions education and is included in two of the predoctoral education standards required by the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA). Following a review of the literature on the state of IPE education in U.S. dental education programs, this article revisits six institutions identified in previous research as exemplars successfully implementing IPE on their campuses. Interviews were conducted with leaders at the following programs: Columbia University, Medical University of South Carolina, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Florida, University of Minnesota, and Western University of Health Sciences. Strengths and weakness of IPE in dental education are discussed, along with opportunities for the future including reducing barriers to scheduling, increasing intraprofessional education, and consistent outcomes assessment. The article concludes with lessons learned by administrators and suggestions for improving incorporation of these requirements into predoctoral dental education programs by emphasizing the importance of IPE and dentistry's role in overall health. This article was written as part of the project "Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century."

A Google Glass Application to Support Shoppers With Dietary Management of Diabetes

We read with great interest the article titled “New Wearable Computers Move Ahead: Google Glass and Smart Wigs” by Dr David C. Klonoff published in the January 2014 issue of the Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology.1 Wearable computers have enormous potential to assist in diabetes management. Here, we further discuss a Google Glass application with the potential to advise and track dietary choices. Maintaining an appropriate diet is an important part of diabetes care.2 Because purchased food items are likely to be consumed regardless of nutritional value, dietary control begins at the supermarket. On-the-spot decision support tools may help shoppers make smarter food choices. Current approaches include educational materials and smartphone applications designed to inform shoppers of nutritional value. However, the abundance of food options in US supermarkets makes memorizing all of the necessary information cumbersome. It may be possible to employ an application that displays caloric density (calories/oz) and glycemic index as the user shops by scanning the barcodes of products loaded into the cart; it may even be possible to provide healthier alternatives if a poorly scoring food is scanned. The ability to provide real-time information in a hands-free and private manner makes Google Glass an ideal platform on which to build a tool to promote healthy choices in the supermarket. As an example, imagine a shopper with diabetes standing in the produce section trying to decide on a vegetable side dish (see the video available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoUx1aFNES8). The shopper picks up the sweet corn, asks Google Glass to determine its glycemic index, and notes a score of 60. Next, the shopper performs the same actions for a bunch of broccoli, with Google Glass indicating a score of 10. The ease of using the Google Glass device to obtain real-time decision support in a simple, private, and hands-free way may increase the willingness or ability of patients with diabetes or members of their household to follow important dietary recommendations. At present, the Google Glass technology is cost prohibitive, but prices are expected to fall as Google opens this technology to the consumer market later this year. Recent announcements regarding establishment of a partnership between Google and the Luxottica Group eyeglass company suggest this will happen in the near future.3 Regardless, the technology must be affordable for the average patient to warrant further development. In addition, older patients need to be considered in designing the user interface. A large number of patients with diabetes are older and may not be comfortable with newer technology. The Google Glass “Diabetes Shopping” application4 built at Marshfield Clinical Research Foundation is in proof-of-concept stages, but has considerable room for growth in the areas of tracking and cataloguing, establishing connections to social media and peer support, providing alerts for calories or food choices, capturing cumulative calorie intake, and health coaching. The Google Glass diabetes application has the potential to improve diabetes management by improving dietary choices while shopping and the potential to do much more.

How MAP-21 reauthorization by United States congress advances opportunities for human factors in geometric highway design safety evaluations

In 2012, the United States Congress passed the H.R. Bill 4348 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century, and subsequently signed in to law as part of Title 23 of the United States Code (USC), (2012) by President Obama, also recognized as MAP-21, allocates $105 Billion over 2 years for the continued improvement of the Nation's transportation system. In addition to continuing its requirements for Visualization set forth in the previous Reauthorization of 2005, MAP-21 incorporates two critical elements that set the stage for advancing the use of Driving Simulation in Geometric Highway Design: 1) Performance Management (refocusing Federal transportation funds towards national transportation Goals - i.e. reducing crashes congestion, system reliability, etc.), and 2) Advanced Modeling Technology. Since safety continues to be a leading goal of our nation's transportation efforts and constitutes a critical measure of Performance, the industry stands to gain notable returns by integrating Driving Simulation with Geometric Highway Design. Additionally, Section 1502 of MAP-21 calls for the Use of Advanced Modeling Technologies to include 3-dimensional digital modeling that can be used (in part) to increase safety. To date, most 3D modeling in transportation agencies has been used either for Visualization applications in Public Involvement, or improving efficiencies in Construction. Recent advancements in highway design software now make it easier for engineers to generate 3D models, increasing the availability of 3D project design data for use in driving simulators for project-specific safety evaluations. Finally, MAP-21 provides the opportunity to use driving simulation and human factors as an integral part of Public Participation. So the same data used for simulators in roadway design can be applied in meetings with public stakeholders improving decision efficiencies and public confidence throughout the project development process. There are already examples of this in the United States (FORUM8 (2009)). This paper will explain the convergence of recent Policy, Technology, Processes, and Best Practices that are shaping the direct use of driving simulation within roadway design, discuss barriers to progress, and offer a framework for applied research activities to make this standard practice for optimizing safety during roadway design. Language: en

Improving Communication for People with Brain Injury in the 21st Century: The Value of Collaboration

This paper describes the value of collaboration from two perspectives. The first perspective highlights the benefit of teaching communication partners collaborative communication strategies to facilitate the interactions of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Collaborative strategies encompass the provision of collaborative intent, emotional and cognitive support, positive questioning styles and collaborative turn taking. Translating research outcomes into accessible resources is described with reference to the TBI Express website which has video demonstrations of conversation strategies for communication partners of people with TBI. The broader meaning of collaboration is also discussed, with particular focus on the advantages collaboration can provide in advancing rehabilitation outcomes for people with acquired brain injury, their families and social networks. Collaboration is described in terms of encompassing all relevant contributors to the development of research advances, including people with acquired brain injury, their families and social networks, stakeholders, clinicians, peak bodies, students and researchers. Two examples of large-scale research collaborations occurring within Australia are described, including the NHMRC Clinical Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Rehabilitation and the NHMRC Moving Ahead Centre for Research Excellence in Brain Recovery, also known as Moving Ahead.

SAFC Moves Ahead By Staying Close

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSAFC Moves Ahead By Staying CloseView Author Information C&EN HoustonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2013, 91, 13, 29–31Publication Date (Print):April 1, 2013Publication History Published online31 March 2014Published inissue 1 April 2013https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09113-bus3Copyright © 2013 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (323 KB) SUBJECTS:Diodes,Manufacturing,Pharmaceuticals,Semiconductors Get e-Alerts

Maryland Moves Ahead With Insurance Exchange

Maryland Moves Ahead With Insurance Exchange

Assisted Colonization: Move Ahead with Models

Moving species outside their natural ranges has long been recognized as risky (“Home, home outside the range?”, R. Stone, News Focus, 24 September, p. [1592][1]). Current accepted procedure allows for translocations outside the historic range only reactively—when there is no suitable habitat left in that range ([ 1 ][2]). For example, flightless birds such as kakapo and takahe have been introduced to offshore islands because exotic mammalian predators had rendered them unable to persist on the New Zealand mainland. Soon, we may have to move species proactively as a means to save them from anticipated shifts in habitat due to climate change. Proactive assisted colonization is understandably contentious. The best way forward involves careful modeling and collaboration. There are many cautionary experiences from invasive species and biological control releases ([ 2 ][3]). However, tools such as structured decision-making enable us to make decisions in the face of uncertainty about ecological roles and relationships that we will have least cause to regret. We can construct models around the fate of species if we leave them to face climate change either by adapting, by moving, or by dying out. We can explore a deliberately moved species' prospects of (i) dying out at its human-selected destination, (ii) establishing and becoming a pest, or (iii) settling down within desired population limits. The test case in the News story of the two butterflies in the United Kingdom ([ 3 ][4]) is an example of the low-risk and potentially reversible type of experiment that we should be starting now. With assisted migration recognized as one means to reduce the impacts of climate change on biodiversity ([ 4 ][5]), we need international guidelines on the conditions under which it may be an acceptable solution. Consequently, the IUCN Species Survival Commission has established a task force from within its Re-introduction and Invasive Species Specialist Groups to review and update its 1998 guidelines to explicitly accommodate these issues surrounding assisted colonization. The task force will report to the World Conservation Congress in 2012. 1. [↵][6]IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, “Guidelines for re-introductions” (IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 1998). 2. [↵][7]1. A. Ricciardi, 2. D. Simberloff , Trends Ecol. Evol. 24, 248 (2009). [OpenUrl][8][CrossRef][9][PubMed][10][Web of Science][11] 3. [↵][12]1. S. G. Willis 2. et al ., Conserv. Lett. 2, 45 (2009). [OpenUrl][13] 4. [↵][14]CBD, Conference of the Parties, “Biodiversity and climate change” (UNEP/CBD/COP/10/L.36, 2010). [1]: pending:yes [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #ref-2 [4]: #ref-3 [5]: #ref-4 [6]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1 in text [7]: #xref-ref-2-1 View reference 2 in text [8]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DTrends%2Bin%2BEcology%2B%2526%2BEvolution%26rft.stitle%253DTrends%2Bin%2BEcology%2B%2526%2BEvolution%26rft.aulast%253DRicciardi%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%26rft.volume%253D24%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D248%26rft.epage%253D253%26rft.atitle%253DAssisted%2Bcolonization%2Bis%2Bnot%2Ba%2Bviable%2Bconservation%2Bstrategy.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.tree.2008.12.006%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F19324453%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [9]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.tree.2008.12.006&link_type=DOI [10]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=19324453&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F330%2F6009%2F1317.1.atom [11]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000266188100005&link_type=ISI [12]: #xref-ref-3-1 View reference 3 in text [13]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DConserv.%2BLett.%26rft.volume%253D2%26rft.spage%253D45%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [14]: #xref-ref-4-1 View reference 4 in text

Struggling with terror: the Pentagon memorial

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgement An earlier version of this essay was submitted as partial completion of requirements for a Penn Design theory class under John Dixon Hunt. Grateful thanks for his helpful suggestions.University of Pennsylvania Notes 1. David Sokol, ‘Pentagon Memorial Winner to be Named Soon’, Architectural Record, 191/2, February 2003, p. 54. 2. Tim McKeough, News briefs, Architectural Record, 196/10, October 2008, p. 48. 3. C. J. Hughes, ‘Victims of Terrorist Attacks Memorialized’, Architectural Record, 195/7, July 2007, p. 34. 4. Witold Rybczynski, ‘The Pentagon Memorial: It tells us more than we need to know—and, at the same time, not enough’, Slate, 24 September 2008, http://www.slate.com/id/2200596, accessed 23 February 2009. 5. William J. Thompson, ‘Land Matters’ editorial, Landscape Architecture, 97/10, October 2007, p. 23. 6. Hughes, p. 34. 7. William Hubbard, ‘A Meaning for Monuments’, Nathan Glazer and Mark Lilla (eds), The Public Face of Architecture (New York: Free Press, 1987), pp. 124–141, here p. 131. 8. Kieran Long, ‘The Monument in the Age of Political Correctness’, Critic at Large, Landscape Architecture, 98/2, February 2008, pp. 138–140, here p. 140. 9. Long, p. 140. 10. Long, p. 138. 11. Jacky Bowring, ‘“To Make the Stone[s] Stony”: Defamiliarization and Andy Goldsworthy's Garden of Stones’, Michel Conan (ed.), Contemporary Garden Aesthetics: Creations and Interpretations (Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 2007), pp. 181–197, here p. 186. 12. Hubbard, p. 136. 13. Ian Thompson, ‘What use is the genius loci?’ Sarah Menin (ed.), Constructing Place: Mind and Matter (London: Routledge, 2003), pp. 66–76, here p. 75. 14. Bradford McKee, ‘Two New Memorials in the Capital: One Grand, the Other Minimalist’, Architecture, 92/4, April 2003, p. 17. 15. Benjamin Forgey, ‘The Pentagon Memorial Story’, Landscape Architecture, 99/1, January 2009, pp. 78–87, here p. 83. 16. Forgey, p. 83. 17. Kevin Lerner, ‘Memorial Architects Say Work is Moving Quickly’, Architectural Record, 194/9, September 2006, p. 32. 18. Forgey, p. 84. 19. Forgey p. 82. 20. Alan G. Brake, ‘Pentagon Memorial Moves Ahead’, Architecture, 91/10, October 2002, p. 16. 21. Ian Thompson, pp. 70–71. 22. Ian Thompson, p. 71. 23. Lerner, p. 32. 24. Forgey, p. 86. 25. Forgey, p. 85. 26. McKee, p. 17. 27. Peter Panepento and Rebecca Gardyn, ‘Paying Tribute’, Chronicle of Philanthropy, 18/22, 31 August 2006, p. 7. 28. Lerner, p. 32. 29. Panepento and Gardyn, p. 7. 30. Forgey, p. 86. 31. Forgey, p. 87. 32. McKeough, p. 48. 33. Forgey, p. 87. 34. Quoted in Forgey, p. 85. 35. Julia Czerniak, ‘Legibility and Resilience’, Julia Czerniak and George Hargreaves (eds), Large Parks (New York: Princeton Architectural Press in association with Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 2007), pp. 215–251. 36. Forgey, p. 85. 37. Forgey, p. 86. 38. Bowring, p. 183. 39. Long, p. 138. 40. Rybczynski, http://www.slate.com/id/2200596. 41. Forgey, p. 87. 42. Jeffrey T. Smith, Letter to the Editor, Landscape Architecture, 99/3, March 2009, pp. 15–16. 43. James Urban, Letter to the Editor, Landscape Architecture, 99/3, March 2009, p. 16. 44. Site visits by the author, February 2009. 45. Site visit by the author, April 2009. 46. Rybczynski, http://www.slate.com/id/2200596. 47. Forgey, p. 86. 48. Forgey, p. 87. 49. Rybczynski http://www.slate.com/id/2200596. 50. Hubbard, p. 128. 51. Rybczynski, http://www.slate.com/id/2200596. 52. Christopher Okigbo, Path of Thunder: Poems Prophesying War, in Labyrinths (London: Heinemann, 1971), pp. 61–72, here p. 70. 53. Forgey, p. 80.