Mount Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Research Articles

Controlling PMSG Wind Turbine Connected to Three Level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter Based on MPC

Wind energy generation systems are facing increasing importance in terms of harmonic distortion control and power quality standards. In recent years, variable speed has also risen rapidly due to advancements in power electronics. The three key elements of a wind power conversion system (WECS) are electrical generators, machine-side converters, and grid-side converters. It should be noted that the permanent magnet synchronous generator is one of the most often used types of electrical generators due to its special qualities. When wind energy is converted to the proper electrical power, it may be injected into the utility grid using either synchronous generators or grid-side converters. Therefore, an investigation of several topologies and control strategies is required to determine which is the best for the machine-side converter. The use of model predictive control (MPC) for a surface mount permanent magnet synchronous machine wind turbine is the main topic of this work. The machine's electrical model is the one that was utilized. The power converters are selected considering the intricate and highly nonlinear aerodynamic system of the wind turbines. MPC is a promising control technique despite being a relatively recent application in power electronics. In addition, MATLAB and Simulink are used to build the MPC code and offer a simplified model of the turbine.

Electrical Machine Permanent Magnets Health Monitoring and Diagnosis Using an Air-Gap Magnetic Sensor

This study proposes a magnetic sensor design and application for monitoring the health of rotor magnets in permanent magnet (PM) electrical machines through in-situ observation of the air-gap magnetic flux density. The reported device employs the concept of Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensing fusion with magnetostrictive material to deliver a machine stator slot wedge integrated sensor that allows straightforward installation and retrofit with no invasive action to core elements of the machine. The sensing theory, design, prototyping, calibration and installation of the proposed magnetic sensing scheme are detailed in the paper. The sensor was installed into an inverter driven surface mount PM synchronous machine (SPMSM) and its performance for in-situ observation of rotor PM magnetization conditions validated in a range of healthy and demagnetised PM conditions tests. The obtained experimental data demonstrate the reported device's capability to enable recognition of rotor PMs' magnetisation level and thus their health monitoring. Finally, a fault index is proposed and experimentally validated that allows the application of in-situ magnetic sensor measurements for relative quantification of PM demagnetization fault severity.

Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fault Tolerant Control

This paper investigates the supervisory-level, fault tolerant control of a 2004 Prius powertrain. The fault considered is an interturn short circuit (ITSC) fault in the traction drive (a surface mount permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) for which its rotor is part of the vehicle's driveline). ITSC faults arise from electrical insulation failures in the stator windings where part of a phase winding remains functional while the remaining decoupled windings form a self-contained loop. Because the permanent magnets on the rotor (driveline) shaft are able to induce very large eddy currents in this self-contained loop if its rotational velocity is left unchecked, the maximum allowable driveline speed, and consequently, vehicle speed, must be reduced to avoid exceeding the drive's operational thermal limits. A method for detecting these ITSC faults and the induced eddy current in an SPMSM using a moving horizon observer (MHO) is reviewed. These parameters then determine which previously computed, fault-level-dependent SPMSM input–output power efficiency map and maximum safe operating speed is utilized by the supervisory-level controller. The fault tolerant control is demonstrated by simulating a Prius over a 40 s drive velocity profile with fault levels of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 5% detected at the midpoint of the profile. For comparison, the Prius is also simulated without a traction motor fault. Results show that the control reduces vehicle velocity upon detection of a fault to an appropriate safe value.

Steady-State Algorithms for Nonlinear Time-Periodic Magnetic Diffusion Problems Using Diagonally Implicit Runge–Kutta Methods

A general framework is presented for the formulation of steady-state simulation algorithms for magnetically nonlinear eddy-current problems using implicit Runge-Kutta (RK) methods. A close analogy is drawn between equations discretized using the backward-Euler method and fully implicit RK methods. Detailed formulations of the time-periodic finite-element method (TPFEM) and the shooting-Newton method (SNM) are derived using the popular family of diagonally implicit RK (DIRK) methods. Both algorithms employ the generalized minimum residual method to solve the linear equations arising at each Newton iteration. The benefits of higher-order DIRK methods are demonstrated by simulating a surface mount permanent magnet synchronous machine. The effects of using a solid versus a laminated rotor back iron on the simulation time are examined. Simulation results indicate that the performance of TPFEM and SNM is quite similar and much faster than transient analysis.