Motor Abilities Research Articles

Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities in Infants With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

ImportanceEarlier detection of cerebral palsy (CP) and the high neuroplastic potential during the first years of life have motivated a search for early interventions to improve children’s long-term motor abilities.ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of baby Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE) to improve motor function in infants with unilateral CP (UCP).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis parallel group, 1:1, randomized clinical trial was conducted between December 1, 2020, and September 9, 2022, in infants recruited through centers specializing in CP treatment and parents’ spontaneous applications. Therapy took place in Brussels, Belgium, from March 8, 2021, through June 17, 2022. Infants were matched in pairs by age and lesion type and randomized to either the treatment or control group. Infants were assessed at baseline (T0) and 1 (T1) and 3 months (T2) follow-up. Inclusion criteria were aged 6 to 18 months at T0 (corrected age if preterm birth), a diagnosis or being at risk of UCP, and the ability to comply with the testing and training procedures. Exclusion criteria were uncontrolled seizures, botulinum toxin injections, orthopedic surgery, or specific intensive therapy within 6 months before and until the end of the study.InterventionInfants in the treatment group received 50 hours of baby HABIT-ILE over 2 weeks, while those in the control group continued their usual motor activities.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was use of the more affected hand as measured using the Mini-Assisting Hand Assessment (Mini-AHA). Secondary outcomes included Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) performance and satisfaction scores, Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66) scores, and other motor and functional outcomes. Between-group comparisons were calculated using repeated-measures analysis of variance (2 groups × 3 assessment times). Effect sizes were reported as partial η squared (ηp2) (small, 0.01; medium, 0.06; large, 0.14).ResultsOf the 48 infants entering the study, 46 (mean [SD] age, 13.3 [4.1] months; 27 boys [58%]) were included in the final analyses, with 24 in the treatment group and 22 in the control group. Group × assessment time interactions showed significant improvements that favored the treatment group for the Mini-AHA (mean [SE] difference from T0 to T2, 7.4 [1.4] Mini-AHA units in the treatment group vs 1.9 [1.5] Mini-AHA units in the control group; P = .008; ƞp2 = 0.11) and for both parts of the COPM (mean [SE] difference from T0 to T2, 5.0 [0.4] in the treatment group vs 2.9 [0.4] in the control group; P < .001; ƞp2 = 0.35 for the performance score and 4.4 [0.4] in the treatment group vs 2.1 [0.4] in the control group; P < .001; ƞp2 = 0.33 for the satisfaction score). Although both groups improved in the GMFM-66 (mean [SE] difference from T0 to T2, 6.6% [0.7%] logits in the treatment group vs 5.5% [0.7%] logits in the control group; P < .001; ηp2 = 0.68), there was no significant interaction (P = .43; ηp2 = 0.02).Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial demonstrates the feasibility of delivering 50 hours of HABIT-ILE over a 2-week period in infants with UCP. These findings show that the intervention is effective in improving motor abilities, as revealed by an increase in the use of the more affected hand in bimanual tasks and in enhanced reported functional goal outcomes.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04698395

Implementing the WHO ICOPE program in clinical practice: three years of lessons from monitoring 27,082 participants using the ICOPE Monitor digital tool.

To describe the implementation of the ICOPE program in France using digital tool in order to: 1) describe the characteristics of people completing the screener, identifying differences across assessors (Health Care Professionals (HCP), non-HCPs or self-assessment) 2) describe the characteristics of follow-up and assessments for people with abnormal screening test 3) describe the recommendations in the intervention care plans for people with a decline in intrinsic capacity (IC). A descriptive study, presenting the results at initial screening, as well as at assessment when needed; and the recommendations issued during Step 3. We compared these results based on whether the participant was enrolled by an HCP, by a non-HCP, or self-assessment. 27,082 participants were enrolled. 67.9% were registered by HCPs. 90.8% participants screened positive at Step 1. Participants who completed the self-assessment were significantly younger (70.9 years versus 76.4 for HCPs or 77.9 for non-HCPs, p<0.01) and less frequently had alerts in Step 1 (83.8% versus 90.8 for HCPs or 94.8 for non-HCPs). Step 2 in-depth assessments were carried out for 8.9% of the participants. In step 2, only the SPPB showed significantly better motor abilities in individuals enrolled through self-assessment (median and IQR: 11(10 - 12) versus 10(8 - 12) for HCPs and 10(7 - 12) for non-HCPs). Prevention care plans were proposed, mainly physical activity (n=833 - 33.7%) and nutrition counseling (n=1,233 - 51.7%). This study highlights the major role of HCPs in the implementation of the ICOPE program. Self-assessment enables the enrollment of more robust seniors, allowing to an early detection and treatment.

The sliding mode controller with composite reaching law for upper limb rehabilitation robot

Purpose Assisted training using upper limb rehabilitation robots is beneficial for flaccid paralysis patients in recovering their functional abilities. In the assisted training mode, the patient’s motor ability is limited by factors such as limb muscle tension, and it is prone for the rehabilitation robot to deviate from the prescribed training trajectory. A sliding mode control method based on a fixed time observer is proposed to address the problem of delayed trajectory tracking response of upper limb rehabilitation robots caused by external disturbances such as patient limbs. Design/methodology/approach First, aiming at the problem of estimating and compensating for external disturbances in the upper limb rehabilitation robot system, a fixed time observer was designed based on the robot’s dynamic model. Second, the composite sliding mode reaching law combining the smooth function and the power-exponential function is proposed to shorten the convergence time of system states in the startup phase, thereby reducing chattering in the control process and realizing the real-time tracking of the training trajectory by the control system. Findings The proposed method provides a solution for the trajectory tracking speed of upper limb rehabilitation robot controllers. In the circular trajectory tracking control, compared to the sliding-mode control method combined with the variable-exponential composite reaching law based on the fixed-time observer, the method in this paper reduces the time for the system state to reach the sliding surface by 0.89 s and improves the response speed by 0.66%. Originality/value The composite sliding mode approach law based on smooth function and power exponent function can reduce the time it takes for the system state to reach and remain on the sliding surface and improve the trajectory tracking speed of upper limb rehabilitation robots. This controller improves the accuracy of trajectory control and ensures the robustness of auxiliary rehabilitation training.

Morphological and Functional Characteristics Analysis of Adolescent Motor Ability Based on Cloud Computing Motion Capture Algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the shape and physical function characteristics of adolescent athletic ability. The movement data of teenagers in the exercise process is collected processed and analyzed in real time by a cloud computing platform. Then, through comparative analysis, the physical function characteristics and morphological characteristics of teenagers in different sports are obtained. This paper investigates and analyzes the physical and functional characteristics of young athletes. According to the analysis results, the training methods and suggestions to improve the youth’s sports ability are put forward. The results show that the young athletes are small in stature, flexible in body, sensitive in response, good in respiratory function and high in body fat form and function. This study provides a scientific basis for the cultivation and promotion of youth sports ability and is of great significance to physical education and sports training.

Improvement of gross motor skills in children with hearing loss: through a game model reviewed from the aspect of independence

Abstract. This study aims to find out: (1) The difference in the influence of the water game model and the dingklik relay game on the improvement of gross motor skills in deaf children. (2) The difference in the effect between high and low independence on the improvement of gross motor skills in deaf children. (3) The interaction between the water game model and the dingklik relay game was reviewed from the aspect of independence to improve gross motor skills in deaf children. This type of research is an experiment using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The population in this study is 38 deaf children of SLB N Mesuji Lampung. The sample in this study amounted to 20 deaf children who were taken using the purposive sampling technique, then ordinal pairing was carried out to divide each group. The instrument used was to measure independence using the questionnaire method, while gross motor used (1) a test of walking on a straight line of 5 meters, (2) a test of running avoiding five obstacles as far as 15 meters, (3) a test of standing on one foot for 10 seconds, (4) a test of jumping from a 15 cm high block, (5) a test of jumping from a 15 cm high beam. The data analysis technique used is ANOVA two-way. The results showed that: (1) There was a difference in the influence of the water game model and the dingklik relay game on the improvement of gross motor skills in deaf children, with a value of F 8.667 and a significance value of p 0.010 &lt; 0.05. The water competition group was higher (good) compared to the dingklik relay game group with an average posttest difference of 1.3. (2) There is a difference in the influence between high and low independence on the improvement of gross motor ability in deaf children, it is proven that the F value is 22.615 and the significance value p is 0.000 &lt; 0.05. Children who have high independence are higher (good) compared to children who have low independence, with an average posttest difference of 2.1. (3) There was an interaction between the water game model and the dingklik relay game from the aspect of independence (high and low) on the improvement of gross motor skills in deaf children, with a value of F 70.205 and a significance value of p 0.000 &lt; 0.05.

Quando l'anemia blocca le gambe

A 17-month-old girl was hospitalized for dehydration due to gastroenteritis. She presented with a severe microcytic anaemia (Hb 6.2 g/dl) linked to an exclusive breastfeeding diet. Attempts at introducing solid foods had failed. Despite improvement in anaemia and diet after discharge, she showed motor regression and ceased to walk. Neurological tests excluded traumatic, metabolic and genetic conditions, but anaemia persisted. Following a blood transfusion, the patient regained motor abilities. The paper highlights the link between iron deficiency and developmental delays, particularly in walking. This case underscores the vital role of iron in neurodevelopment and emphasises awareness of chronic anaemia in children worldwide.

Physical fitness and body build parameters of children and adolescents participating in the physical activity promotion programme “Athletics for all!”

BackgroundThis study attempts to analyse physical fitness and basic anthropometric parameters of children and adolescents participating in the nationwide physical activity promotion programme “Athletics for All!” (AFA). The programme aims to establish a national system for diagnosing, selecting, recruiting, and identifying talents in youth training. It also aims to build a career development path for athletics, forming the basis of a new structure for youth training in Poland. The primary goal of this study was to assess physical fitness of AFA participants over the years of its implementation (2015–2022) and to identify the leading motor ability with consideration for age, gender, and body build parameters determined with Body Mass Index and Ponderal Index.MethodsNationwide measurements of basic anthropometric parameters as well as physical fitness tests were conducted among 31,790 girls (F) and 22,260 boys (M) participating in the AFA programme. Physical fitness assessments were performed using the OSF test (3 × 10 m shuttle run, standing broad jump, 1 kg medicine ball throw, 4-minute run). Comparative analysis of OSF test results, considering gender, was conducted using the independent samples T-test. The strength and direction of correlations between variables were calculated using the rho-Spearman coefficient.ResultsOSF test results were converted into points, considering age and gender. Gender was found to be a significantly differentiating factor in physical fitness of AFA participants. Among twelve- and fifteen-year-olds, statistically significant differences were observed in all analysed variables, i.e. in each of the four tests and the overall score. It was noted that the examined girls aged 11 to 17 exhibited higher levels of strength compared to their male counterparts. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between OSF test results and the age and body build indicators, with the strength of the correlations being negligible in most cases.ConclusionsParticipants of the nationwide programme “Athletics for All!” demonstrate a high level of physical fitness, with endurance being a fundamental motor ability. Physical fitness levels show significant correlations with the anthropometric parameters of children and adolescents. The study results confirm the need and justification for implementing physical activity promotion programmes for the younger generation.

Research on the mechanism of the effect of music rhythm synchronization training on biomechanics gait optimization and rehabilitation outcome

The integration of movements or activities that match the beat of music is known as music rhythm synchronization (MRS). Excessive musical tempo can enhance motor abilities and general movement efficiency and it requires synchronizing physical activities like walking or exercising. Enhancing the speed of movement that leads to quick walking, longer step length symmetric, and functional walking ability. The training with MRS mechanism, this research aims to analyze the movement in biomechanics, optimization, and the findings of rehabilitation impacts. This research utilizes 75 participants with Parkinson’s illness and they are divided into two categories group A with training in MRS mechanism and received traditional mechanism training in group B. This research explores the training in MRS mechanism-affected biomechanics movements are performed by utilizing the pre-post method by providing more evaluations. The three-week supervised rehabilitation program presenting the MRS has been followed by the two-week follow-up stage as a part of the intervention. There are two significant deviation estimations in the patterns of normal gait like the gait variable score (GVS) and gait profile score (GPS). The regression analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), regression analysis, and paired sample t-test, which are the data assessment techniques are evaluated by utilizing the SPSS statistical software for the performance. The conclusion demonstrates the MRS mechanism training significantly improved gait biomechanics. The GPS score shows the enhanced overall quality of gait and it decreased significantly. These findings illustrate the potential of the MRS mechanism training mechanism in improving gait biomechanics and producing excellent rehabilitation outcomes.

Learning ballet technique modulates the stretch reflex in students with cerebral palsy: case series

BackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is considered the most prevalent developmental motor disorder in children. There is a need for training programs that enhance motor abilities and normalize function from an early age. Previous studies report improved motor outcomes in dance interventions for CP. Investigating the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying such improvements is necessary for efficient and safe intervention design. This study reports changes in stretch reflex responses as the primary neurophysiological motor outcome of a targeted ballet class intervention.ResultsA case series of participants with mixed spastic and dyskinetic CP (n = 4, mean age = 12.5 years, SD = 6.9S years, three female, one male) who learned ballet technique in a course of one-hour classes twice per week for six weeks is presented. Changes in stretch reflex responses and in clinical motor tests as secondary outcomes were observed after the course and at one-month follow-up. Quantitative measures of elbow or ankle stretch reflex were obtained using electromyography and electrogoniometry. The joint angle of the stretch reflex onset varied across velocities of stretch, and its variability decreased after the intervention. Within-subject tests of the central tendency of stretch reflex angle coefficients of variation and frequency distribution demonstrated significant changes (p-values < 0.05). Secondary outcomes included the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST), Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS), Dyskinesia Impairment Scale (DIS), and Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE). All the participants demonstrated improvements larger than the minimal clinical important difference (MCID) or the smallest detectable difference (SDD), as applicable.ConclusionsEvidence of changes in the stretch reflex responses in these four cases of mixed CP was observed. The observed variability in the stretch reflex responses may be due to the dyskinetic component of the mixed CP presentations. More studies with a larger sample size and longer duration of learning and practice of ballet technique are necessary to establish the extent of possible modulation and adaptation of the stretch reflex response as a neurophysiological basis for observed improvements in clinical measures.Trial registration: This study was registered in the Clinical Trials Protocol Registration and Results System (NCT04237506, January 17, 2020).

The effects of cognitive training on driving performance.

Driving is a complex task necessitating an intricate interplay of sensory, motor, and cognitive abilities. Extensive research has underscored the role of neurocognitive functions, including attention, memory, executive functions, and visuospatial skills, in driving safety and performance. Despite evidence suggesting cognitive training's potential in enhancing driving abilities, comprehensive cognitive training's impact on driving performance in young adult drivers remains unexplored. Our study aimed to fill this gap by implementing an intensive, 8-week, multidomain computerized cognitive training program and assessing its transfer effects on the driving performance of young adult drivers, using a high-fidelity simulator. The study employed a randomized controlled trial design, with passive control group. The mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a notable interaction between the time of testing and the respective participant groups concerning driving performance. Post hoc analyses showed that, compared to the control group, participants undergoing cognitive training demonstrated significantly fewer traffic infractions in the post-training evaluation. These findings suggest that cognitive training could be a useful tool for enhancing driving safety and performance in young adult drivers. Further research should aim to address the limitations posed by the absence of an active control group.

Motor balance and its relationship to the performance of the round kick skill (Hajo-Jki) among junior Taekwondo players

The element of balance is a very important element in the work of a Taekwondo player, as he must maintain his balance to a great extent in performance because any imbalance results in the player falling and losing attack points. In particular, motor balance, in addition to its close connection to the motor performance of the Taekwondo player, Research problem: The researcher wanted to explain the relationship between the performance of the round kick (hajo-jiki) and motor balance because this skill requires great motor balance, and for this reason he chose this kick, to gain points and thus end the competition in his favor. The study aimed to identify the relationship between the performance of the round kick skill (Hajo-Jki) among junior Taekwondo players. The researcher used the descriptive method using the survey method, and determined the research sample using the intentional method, which included Baghdad clubs, as their number reached (50(Players support tools, devices, when testing the content, preparing the results, when testing or processing the results. The researcher concluded that the results of the research demonstrated the existence of a correlation and direct relationship between motor balance and the performance of the round kick (Hago-Jki) among members of the research sample. The researcher recommended that it is necessary to conduct a survey of all the unresearched skills and apply them to other motor abilities.

Multi-domain predictors of grip strength differentiate individuals with and without alcohol use disorder.

Grip strength is considered one of the simplest and reliable indices of general health. Although motor ability and strength are commonly affected in people with alcohol use disorder (AUD), factors predictive of grip strength decline in AUD have not been investigated. Here, we employed a data-driven analysis predicting grip strength from measurements in 53 controls and 110 AUD participants, 53 of whom were comorbid with HIV infection. Controls and AUD were matched on sex, age, and body mass index. Measurements included commonly available metrics of brain structure, neuropsychological functioning, behavioural status, haematological and health status, and demographics. Based on 5-fold stratified cross-validation, a machine learning approach predicted grip strength separately for each cohort. The strongest (top 10%) predictors of grip were then tested against grip strength with correlational analysis. Leading grip strength predictors for both cohorts were cerebellar volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Predictors specific to controls were Backwards Digit Span, precentral gyrus volume, diastolic blood pressure, and mean platelet volume, which together significantly predicted grip strength (R2=0.255, p= 0.001). Unique predictors for AUD were comorbidity for HIV infection, social functioning, insular volume, and platelet count, which together significantly predicted grip strength (R2=0.162, p= 0.002). These cohort-specific predictors were doubly dissociated. Salient predictors of grip strength differed by diagnosis with only modest overlap. The constellation of cohort-specific predictive measurements of compromised grip strength provides insight into brain, behavioural, and physiological factors that may signal subtly affected yet treatable processes of physical decline and frailty.

Children’s literacy skills development through non-formal education: a scoping review

The rapid advancement of technology in recent years has brought about profound changes in every aspect of our lives. Such technological advancement has impacted children in a digital age where technology permeates every facet of their existence, from education to entertainment and communication to socialization. The younger generations today appear deficient in motor, emotional, and social abilities. They appear to exhibit higher levels of aggression, anxiety, dependency, and reduced creativity. Integrating non-formal education into children’s learning aims to maximize enjoyment and engagement by capturing children’s interest and inspiring them to continue learning. Thus, non-formal education encompasses a spectrum of curricular activities in the natural environment outside of the school area. This scoping review aims to identify the focus skills development among primary school learners and how non-formal educational activities could boost learners’ learning ability. Four databases, including Scopus, web of science (WoS), Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), and ScienceDirect, were used in this research, which found 36 articles for eligibility. Only 15 articles are eligible for analysis and reference after the exclusion and inclusion process for data collection. The findings show that non-formal education offers learners the opportunity to explore a multitude of interests beyond the structured confines of the classroom.

Risk assessment of developmental and neurotoxicity by the flavoring agent perillaldehyde: NAC (N-acetylcysteine) mitigation of oxidative stress-mediated inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway.

Perillaldehyde (PAE), a prevalent flavoring agent, has raised safety concerns due to conflicting evidence regarding its toxicity. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the developmental and neurotoxic effects of PAE in zebrafish, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of its toxicity. Results showed that PAE affected the viability and hatching rate of zebrafish at 96 h postfertilization with the 50 % lethal concentration (LC50) of 7.975 mg/L. Furthermore, exposed‌ to a non-lethal concentration of 4 mg/L PAE induced a spectrum of morphological abnormalities, such as pericardial edema, delayed yolk sac absorption, reduced body length, and microphthalmia. Behavioral observations revealed that PAE reduced motor ability, and was accompanied by an increase in spontaneous turning angle and angular velocity. Using the TG(elav13:EGFP) transgenic model, we observed the number of newborn neurons was reduced, indicating that PAE induced obvious neurotoxic effects. Additionally, this concentration facilitated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), concomitantly decreasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. QRT-PCR analysis revealed that PAE down-regulated Nestin and Neurogenin1 gene expression, up-regulated Glipr1a and Nox1 gene expression, and inhibited the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Notably, co-administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an inhibitor of oxidative stress, mitigated oxidative stress levels and partially ameliorated the neurotoxicity. These findings suggest that oxidative stress is the primary mediator of PAE-induced neurotoxicity. This study provides crucial insights for the safe application of PAE.

Evaluation of hand-eye coordination fitness test performance in folk dance

Hand-eye coordination refers to the ability to perform tasks that require the simultaneous use of the hands and eyes, such as using visual-spatial perception to guide hand movements. An intricate comprehension of the brain’s functioning is vital for individuals to possess hand-eye coordination, which necessitates the integration of visual and motor abilities. The study assessed the level of hand-eye coordination fitness during folk dance. This study employed a quantitative methodology, with researchers utilizing a quasi-experimental approach evaluating the hand-eye coordination of participants in folk dance. This study comprised of seventh-grade students during the academic year 2023-2024. Researchers noted that individuals without previous performance experience encountered challenges in executing the dance action, while those who engaged in practice found it effortless. The researchers discovered a statistically significant disparity in the pretest and post-test scores of the respondents. The findings indicated that the respondents’ hand-eye coordination level may be improved and cultivated when executing a folk dance by diligently practicing the given pattern. The researchers suggested the utilization of the Drop Stick Game, Head Shoulder Knees and Ball, Chest Overhead Pass, and Clap-Catch Game. These four developmental exercises enhance hand-eye coordination and optimize performance. Additionally, it will aid students in cultivating hand-eye coordination, particularly during performances.

Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor BHLHE22 monoallelic and biallelic variants cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with agenesis of the corpus callosum, intellectual disability, tone and movement abnormalities.

BHLHE22 encodes a Class II basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH). It is expressed exclusively in the retina and central nervous system (CNS), and functions as an important regulator of retinogenesis and neuronal differentiation. Mice lacking bhlhe22 show nearly complete loss of three brain comminsure, including the corpus callosum. Here we report eleven individuals from nine unrelated families with BHLHE22 variants, with a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting with absent or limited speech, severely impaired motor abilities, intellectual disability (ID), involuntary movements, autistic traits with stereotypies, abnormal muscle tone. The majority of individuals have partial or complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC). Additional symptoms comprised epilepsy, variable dysmorphic features, and eye anomalies. One additional individual had spastic paraplegia without delayed development and ACC, expanding the phenotype to milder and later onset forms. Four individuals carry de novo missense variants within the highly conserved helix-loop-helix domain while seven individuals from five unrelated families carry a recurrent homozygous frameshift variant, p.(Gly74Alafs*18). Our findings implicate BHLHE22 variants in causing a previously unidentified autosomal dominant and recessive neurodevelopmental disorder associated with ACC, severe motor, language, and cognitive delays, abnormal tone, and involuntary movements. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Class II bHLH variants in humans shown to significantly disrupt brain development, cognition, and movement.

Designing tests for some motor abilities and predicting the level of performance skill for academic school football players aged (13-14) years

The study aims to design tests to measure some motor abilities in the study sample, to find standard grades and levels for some tests of motor abilities in the study sample, preparing equations to predict the level of performance skill of soccer players in terms of mobility tests in the research sample. The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the research community was selected from football academy players aged (13-14) years in Raparin. The research sample was selected intentionally, which included (260) players. So as to reach the results, the researcher used a set of statistical programs by using SPSS. It was concluded to find and determine the grades and standard levels modified for the research sample in the motor tests, determining an equation to predict the level of performance skill in terms of motor abilities. It is recommended that the prediction equation can be adopted as indicators through which the components of motor abilities are determined and the possibility of upgrading it according to the time period of the preparation stage to reach the level of competition.

Quantifying Parental Perceptions of Their Experiences With Their Young Children's Use of Power Mobility Devices.

To quantify and explore parental perceptions of their experiences with their child's use of the Explorer Mini (EM) and a modified ride-on car (mROC) in young children with cerebral palsy. Data were gathered throughout a multisite, randomized, counterbalanced AB crossover 16-week clinical trial, wherein all participants used device A (EM) and device B (mROC) for 8-weeks each. Semistructured parent interviews were conducted at baseline (T0), post-intervention period 1 (T1), and post-intervention period 2 (T2). The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program was used to objectively analyze the transcribed interviews. Twenty-four child-parent dyads participated in the study. Parental perceptions were related to children's gross motor abilities, cognitive development scores, and device use order (EM-mROC or mROC-EM). Parents were positive about a potential means of helping their children. While most preferred the EM, opinions were contingent on the PM device, device use order, and child-centered factors.

Language, Motor Ability and Related Deficits in Children at Familial Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder.

It is known that impairments in linguistic ability and motor function tend to co-occur in children, and that children from families with parental mental illness such as schizophrenia tend to perform poorly in both domains, but the exact nature of these links has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we leveraged the first wave of the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study (VIA 7), which includes both genetic data and measures covering multiple developmental domains. The VIA 7 cohort comprises 522 7-year-old children born to parents with schizophrenia (N = 202), bipolar disorder (N = 120) or neither (N = 200). We investigated the relationships between linguistic ability and motor function using correlation and regression analyses, focusing on developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and specific language impairment (SLI) and their potential associations with the three risk groups. We found significant correlations between most measures of language and motor function and significant associations of DCD and SLI with language and movement measures, respectively, the largest effect being that of DCD on receptive language, with a significant interaction effect: DCD was associated with poorer performance in children from schizophrenia families compared to bipolar disorder and control families. Both disorders showed higher prevalence among children with familial high risk of mental illness. We did not find significant evidence of genetic overlap between DCD and SLI. Our results suggest strong links between the domains of motor function and linguistic ability. Children of parents with schizophrenia are at high risk of comorbid language and movement disorders.

NEXT-GENERATION EDGE CLOUD-TO-THING CONTINUUM MODEL FOR EVALUATING CHILDREN’s MOTOR SKILLS USING DEEP LEARNING ALGORITHM

Young children can enhance their movements and develop motor abilities through play and education with guidance and practice. Understanding young children’s physical development and identifying potential growth areas require an analysis of their motor skills. In this study, we assess young children’s motor skills using a unique deep residual technique on the cloud-to-thing continuum. Seven kids were used to identify autistic movements. The dataset was gathered from the Tamimi Centre for Autism in Saudi Arabia. The data preprocessing to standardize the data’s scale using min–max normalization and removing noise-relevant features is extracted using principal component analysis (PCA). This step is crucial for ensuring the quality and reliability of the data used for subsequent analysis. The bumble bees mating optimization with deep residual algorithm (BBMO-DRN) is designed to handle the complexities of motor skill assessment. Finally, we explore the potential of cloud–fog–edge computing in data storing and processing young children’s motor skill development. The results showed that the proposed method performs better compared to the existing methods. This will make it possible to evaluate how well the suggested solution works in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, [Formula: see text]1-score, and scalability. As a result, this proposed approach in evaluating young children’s motor skills is to improve data storage in the cloud to the thing continuum.