Motorcycle Drivers Research Articles

Pattern of Injuries in Two Wheeler Accidental Deaths in our Experience

Background: Deaths from injuries from motorcycle accidents have over the years remained a significant public health concern in India. Aims: Our aim is to determine the distribution of the victims' age and gender and to classify the cause of death and the anatomical pattern of injuries observed. Materials and methods: It is a 2-year autopsy based analysis of all fatalities from motorcycle accidents seen from our Teaching Hospital experience. The data were extracted from autopsy records, from police journal excerpts from hospital case notes and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: For Male there were 30 (85.7 percent) males and 5 (14.3 percent) females: 6:1 female ratio. The highest age group was 31-40 years . Majority of the victims 18 (51%) were Motorcycle riders, followed by passengers on back seat who accounted for 10 (29%), while the remaining 7 (20%) of the victims were pedestrians. Commonest injury in the cases are head injuries constituting 77% followed by thorax 57% and abdominal injuries 42.8%.Causes of death in study are mostly due to crainiocerebralinjuires 51.4% followed by multiple injuires in 40% and sever hemmorage 5.7% and septicaemia 2.8%.Conclusion: This study found that males are the main victims of death from motorcycle accidents during the fourth decade of life. Most of the victims were a motorcycle driver. Many died from craniocerebral damage.

Respiratory symptoms and associated factors among motorcycle taxi driver in Ubungo municipality, Dar Es salaam, Tanzania

Background: Motorcycle taxis have arisen as a key feature of rural and urban transport services. It is among occupation in which workers are highly exposed to ambient air pollutants and probably make them to be susceptible in developing respiratory diseases. Objective: To determine prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the associated factors among motorcycle taxi drivers in Ubungo municipality. Materials and methods: The study design was descriptive cross sectional study conducted from March to July 2018. Multistage sampling technique was used to obtain sample of 200 motorcycle taxi drivers and 100 office attendants. A modified British medical research council questionnaire and personal sampling pump (SKC Sidekick pump) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science software22versions. Results: Motorcycle taxi drivers had personal exposure to geometric mean dust concentration 1.60 mg/m3 (SD=2.12) while office attendants had 0.071 mg/m3 (SD=1.26) for eight hours, which was less than TLV according to the ACGIH. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms were reported to be higher among motorcycle taxi drivers compared to office attendants for all symptoms and the differences were statistically significant at P-value <0.001, where morning cough (55.5% vs. 27%); cough last for three months yearly (26% vs 2%); phlegm (53.2% vs 15%), phlegm last for three months yearly (23% vs.0%) wheezing (29% vs 2%) and shortness of breath (47.7% vs. 16%). Work duration was the factor significantly associated with cough, cough last for three months, phlegm and shortness of breath among motorcycle taxi drivers. Conclusion: Prevalence of the respiratory health symptoms was higher among motorcycle taxi drivers than the control. Working as motorcycle taxi driver for four years and above is a risk factorfor developing respiratory health problems.

Road traffic crash experience among commercial motorcyclists in Kigali, Rwanda

Objective: Road traffic injuries (RTI) cause ∼1.2 million deaths and 50 million injuries annually, disproportionately occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Although policy changes and infrastructural developments have continued to contribute to the decrease in RTI-related deaths, limited studies have investigated the relationship between motorcycle taxi driver behaviors and RTIs in Rwanda. This study aims to describe the safety behaviors of commercial motorcyclists in Kigali, Rwanda.Methods: We surveyed 609 commercial motorcyclists in January 2014 then conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the results, including descriptive and bivariate logistic regression analyses.Results: We found that 38.7% of surveyed motorcycle drivers experienced a crash during their lifetime, of which, more than half (n = 134, 56.8%) suffered injuries. Of all injuries, 38.8% (n = 52) resulted in hospitalization, and 14.2% (n = 19) in disability. Among motorcyclists, 100% reported always wearing a helmet, 99% reported always wearing a chin strap, and 98.8% reported always having a passenger helmet. There was an association between sustaining a crash and believing that helmets (p = 0.08) and chin straps (p = 0.05) reduced crash risk.Conclusions: Rwandan commercial motorcyclists demonstrate generally proper safety behaviors, but remain a high-risk occupational group. Road safety policy initiatives have been effective in changing driver behavior regardless of driver safety beliefs.

Tendência de mortalidade por acidentes com motocicleta: série temporal de 2000 a 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os óbitos em acidentes de trânsito com motociclistas e analisar a tendência da mortalidade por série temporal. Assim, trata-se de estudo de série temporal realizada com dados sobre óbitos de motociclistas em acidentes de trânsito no Estado de Goiás entre 2000 e 2015, fornecidos pelo Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, dados sobre a frota de motocicletas e as taxas de mortalidade anuais, por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Verificou-se aumento na taxa de mortalidade de motociclistas por 100.000 habitantes durante a série temporal em 152,27%, passando de 3,09 para 8,30 mortes a cada 100.000 habitantes, entre as mulheres o aumento foi 268,84%. Porém, os homens jovens são os que mais morrem em acidentes com motocicletas em Goiás, com 88,09% dos óbitos (n = 5.417). Além disso, houve tendência crescente na taxa de mortalidade entre 2000 e 2015. Tendo isso em vista, é possível constatar que houve aumento nas taxas de mortalidade por acidente de motocicleta no Estado de Goiás, confirmando ser um problema de saúde pública que carece de medidas efetivas para reduzir os prejuízos causados à comunidade.

Analysis Level of Motorcycle Discipline by Using the Use of Left Flow at Jl. Sudirman Metro City, Lampung

The high number of accidents on Jl. Sudirman Metro city in Lampung is caused by presence of mix traffic, as well as the absence of special treatment for vulnerable motorcycle users, resulting in conflict between motorbikes and other vehicles that have the potential to cause accident. This analysis was carried out to reduce the frequency of high accidents and fatalities due to accident on Jl. Sudirman, an analysis of motorbike lane requirements on Jl. Sudirman and speed management was conducted, one of which was speed limit determination. The analysis samples taken by 7 days survey from 6.00 am – 06.00 pm on Jl Sudirman Metro city Lampung. The result of the surveys showed the criteria for motorcycle lane determination criteria not suitable to implement on Jl. Sudirman segment if it is in accordance with specified indicator because the motorcycle traffic volume is less than 674 smp/hour and 2696 vehicle/hour. This paper indicates that survey analysis on motorcycle driver discipline by using of left flow at Jl. Sudirman Metro city Lampung was not significant. In order to reduce the frequency of high accident we need speed limiting guards with maximum speed 40 km/hours and the signs for motorcycle instruction using the left lane.

Developing quality label awareness index of helmet users

PurposeThis research aims to develop an index for measuring Indonesian quality label awareness among motorcycle helmet users. The index measures quality label awareness and its antecedent variables, which are the variables that represent marketing effort on promoting the quality label.Design/methodology/approachThe indicators of the index were derived from a literature review. A survey was performed. The respondents are 487 motorcycle drivers and passengers helmet users in Jakarta. The authors conducted some statistical analyses, namely, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s α analysis, and multiple regression analysis.FindingsA quality label awareness index was developed and tested. The index consists of quality label awareness and its determinants. The determinants are label marketing clarity and label marketing credibility. The research result showed that the index is valid and reliable.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors performed the survey only at Jakarta using convenience sampling technique. Thus, the findings may not be generalized to other contexts. Given this, replication research is important to be performed in the future in order to test the stability of the findings in other contexts.Practical implicationsThe index can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of quality label and quality label marketing programs.Originality/valueThis study is believed to be the first to develop and test consumers' quality label awareness index.

Existing Laws to Combat Road Traffic Injury in Nepal and Bangladesh: A Review on Cross Country Perspective.

Road traffic accidents is a leading cause of injury and death globally. The consequences of road traffic accidents are prominent in developing countries that can least afford to meet the health services, economic and societal challenges. Nepal and Bangladesh are two developing country of South Asia who bear a large share of burden due to road traffic injuries. A non-systematic review of relevant documents using Google scholar and PubMed as well as review of relevant legal documents was done. Nepal and Bangladesh have traffic laws including all the key risk factors as recommended by the World Health Organization except the child restraint systems laws. The existing laws for both countries include speed, drunk driving, use of seatbelts and motorcycle helmet, driver license, vehicle condition, overloading and accident related compensations.In both the countries for post-crash response, national emergency care access number has partial coverage and in Nepal there are some provisions related to trauma registry.Vulnerable groups are pedestrians with majority of male and higher mortality found in rural areas than urban areas for both the countries. Both the countries have traffic laws that focus on the prevention of road traffic accidents and protection of victims. However, amendments in the existing laws are required for confronting immediate challenges of increasing accidents and injuries that both the countries face every year.

Safety in Road Comunication and Role of Pre –Hospital Emergency Service

Traffic accidents are leading cause of death in the most productive age group - 20-45 years of age. 20 - 50 milion people in the world are left with injuries and disability caused by traffic accidents.
 Half of those who loose their life in traffic accidents are active participants - pedestrians, bicycle and motorcycle drivers. Unless preventive measure are taken, it is expected that by year 2030, traffic accidents with be the 7-th leading cause of death in the world. Large number of traffic accidents is caused by a variety of factors and the result is a relatively large number of victims left with disability and material loss. This number can be lowered with proper laws and practices.

Helmet Wearing Among Commercial Motorcyclist in Brazzaville (Congo): Knowledge, Attitude and Prevalence

Transport on motorcycles has grown and is widespread in Congo (Brazzaville) and several sub-Saharan Africa countries; leading to a growing incidence of traffic road injuries and fatalities. The effectiveness of helmet wearing as preventing is founded out and the laws on its promotion exist, but its prevalence remains low. In order to make commercial motorcyclists and their passengers aware of the importance of wearing a safety helmet and contribute to promoting, the study aims to determine the prevalence, the knowledge, and attitude of helmet use and attitude among motorcycle taxi drivers in Brazzaville. We performed a descriptive cross-sectional mixed-method study, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed. A total of 241 commercial motorcyclists were interviewed in their station point, near the market located in areas of the north of Brazzaville downtown. All were male with an average age of 28.6±7.1 years, 65.1% (157/241) had a previous motorcycle accident and none had a driving certificate. Ninety-one point three of the percentage had a "good level of knowledge on the helmet, their attitudes towards safety helmets use were favorable among 95.4% (230/241). Only 40.3% (97/241) of drivers wore the helmet, slightly linked to the history of police sanction (p<0,05). The study carried out a high level of knowledge, a favorable attitude towards the use of safety helmets contrasted with the low prevalence of helmet use, exposing drivers and passengers to the risk of fatal head injuries. The promotion of the wearing of safety helmets should take into account the emergence of this type of public transport, in order to address awareness and coercive actions to them.

An experimental study on advanced lane changing signal assist technology with smart helmet

Nowadays accidents are an increasing concern all over the world. In present scenario accidents are happening due to the factors of improper implementation and usage of helmets while driving Un-Prediction of other vehicle motions, utilizing of low quality helmets. All this carelessness and irresponsible activities plays a dominant role in accidents that are leading to cause of death and disability. Helmets plays a major role for protecting a human head injury in case of accidents. The purpose of this research is to create a smart and secure electronic helmet that plays a vital role in protecting human lives from accidents and this helmet help to send and monitor the information about the vehicle and also the person driving the vehicle. This research mainly focuses on giving indication of alerts to the driver about the surrounding vehicle movements while “changing the lane” and also helps to navigate the driver in correct way for travelling. The effect of a high-speed motorcyclist without wearing a helmet is highly dangerous and can lead to a fatality. Wearing a helmet can reduce damage and save a life. This project is specifically designed to improve the safety of motorcycle riders. Motorcyclists will be alerted if their speed limits are crossed and vehicles that enter the vehicle nearby hit. The helmet system emerging message using cloud-based service will send message to receiving contents in which the database has been stored. There are many countries enforcing a regulations requiring that the motorcycle driver wears a helmet while riding on his motorcycle. Most accidents are caused by reckless driving, drunk or mobile phone use, while traffic laws and rules are violated. Many People lose their lives due to late notification of accident due to that the people are not able to monitor the accident area's precise GPS coordinates. The significant reason that people get injured in head due to not wearing helmet while driving the bike. For the tracking of the rider's head and the acceleration of motorcycle, a Force Sensing resistor (FSR) are used. The motorcycle engine will only be started when the driver buckled the helmet. A LED will flash in helmet while some obstacles or a critical risk. Thus this research helps the researches for implementing and adopting the helmets in various aspects of security and protection of humans in future studies.

Tire Pressure and the Availability of Gasoline Monitoring Tools Based on IOT

This final project discusses the design and manufacture of tire pressure and the availability of gasoline monitoring tools based on internet of things (IOT). Tire pressure monitoring tools are made because many of the motorcycle driver don’t have a time to check tire pressure, and often experience a reduction in pressure to leak on the highway. While the gasoline monitoring tool is made so that driver can see the contents of the available motorcycle tank volume, and estimate the price paid when filling in the gas. Conventional methods of estimating gasoline prices often cause failure to refuel at gas stations, and make motorists complain about improper prices. Basically this tool works by means of a gasoline indicator and is connected to the ADC port of the NodeMCU microcontroller. As for tire pressure, the measurement is done by using a pressure sensor and additional ADC, because the microcontroller only has one ADC port. Both of these tools work in the second way the microcontroller receives input data from the gasoline ADC indicator, and there is data processing in the microcontroller to connect the monitoring system via the internet.

Prevalence of Motorcycle Helmet Use in Kathmandu, Nepal: An Observational Study

This study investigated the rate of helmet use among motorcycle drivers and passengers in Kathmandu, Nepal during the Fall of 2016, and compared helmet use rates based on highways, main roads and secondary roads in the city. The study design involved cross-sectional observations along roadways in Kathmandu, Nepal. The following variables were studied: helmet use, gender, age category (youth, adult, elder), and type of road (highway, main road, secondary road). Statistical analysis included general behavioral prevalence, relationship comparison via Fisher’s Exact Test, and odds ratios. A total of 1878 observations were made at 14 locations in Kathmandu; n=1321 observations of motorcycle drivers and n=557 observations of motorcycle passengers. Nearly all drivers used helmets (0.994 [1313/1321]; 95% CI: [0.988, 0.997]), whereas the vast majority of passengers did not wear helmets (0.014 [8/557]; 95% CI: [0.004, 0.021]). Helmet use was significantly different between drivers and passengers (

Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Pengemudi Sepeda Motor di Sumba Barat

Transportation is a very important part of human life. In fact, the existence of a vehicle can improve all human activities in carrying out the occupied routine, but problems arise such as traffic jams and increased traffic accidents. The Minister of Transportation stated that 4 (four) people died every day due to traffic accidents, 72% occurred in Indonesia and 73.9% involved motorbikes. The incident was an indication that motorbikes were the main cause of traffic accidents and contributed the most victims. The traffic accident data of the East Nusa Tenggara POLDA in 2018 showed a trend of increasing traffic accidents in 2018. The level of population mobilization in the legal territory of the West Sumba POLRES is relatively high. Based on the annual report book of West Sumba POLRES in 2018 there have been traffic accidents with 126 cases. The study aims to determine the factors associated with motorcycle driver traffic accidents in the area of West Sumba POLRES in 2019. This type of research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional study approach. This research was conducted at the West Sumba Police Resort with a sample of 53 people. Analysis of the data used the chi-square statistical test. The results of this study indicate that the factors associated with traffic accidents are age (p = 0.004), behavior (p = 0.008), and lamp conditions (p = 0.005).

Work overload and risk behaviors in motorcyclists.

to analyze the association between work overload and risk behaviors adopted by motorcyclists. a cross-sectional study of injured motorcycle drivers hospitalized at the Hospital da Restauração Governador Paulo Guerra in the city of Recife, PE, from May to September 2016. A questionnaire was applied containing sociodemographic variables related to work overload and risk behaviors adoption. Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval were used to analyze the association between the variables. there was a predominance of males (97.6%), mean age 31.44 years (SD = 9.50). There was an association of sleep/fatigue at the accident time with difficulties carrying out work tasks (OR = 3.7), feeling tired during work (OR = 4.6) and feeling under pressure to carry out work tasks (OR = 3.5). work overload was associated with risk behaviors adoption. It is believed that this fact can have an impact on the occurrence and severity of accidents.

UPAYA NON PENAL PENINGKATAN KESADARAN HUKUM MASYARAKAT UNTUK MENGGUNAKAN HELM BERSTANDAR NASIONAL INDONESIA DI POLRES TANAH DATAR

Article 106 paragraph (8) of Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation states that every person driving a Motorcycle and Motorcycle Passenger must use a helmet that meets Indonesian national standards. The level of legal awareness of two-wheeled riders in the jurisdiction of Tanah Datar police station to use SNI-standard helmets is still low. It can be seen from the increase in traffic violations that do not use helmets in Tanah Datar Regency in the last 2 (two) years from 2017 to 2018. Efforts of Non Penal Satlantas of Tanah Datar Regional Police in Increasing Legal Awareness of Two-Wheeled Riders to Use SNI-Standard Helmets is to continue disseminating information to road users, Extension to the bykers / motorbike clubs about the traffic order carried out in front of Pagaruyung palace. Training on the obligation to use SNI helmets for all motorcycle drivers in Tanah Datar. Patrol is one of the police activities carried out by 2 or more members of the National Police.

Experimental evaluation on noise reduction performance of a motorcycle helmet

Motorcycle helmets are generally thought to be only protection of motorcycle drivers against head injuries as well as loud noise in traffic. While there have been several papers on noise elimination capabilities of motorcycle helmets, no controlled study has been reported to compare different types of test conditions in literature. The purpose of this study is to assess noise reduction capacities of a motorcycle helmet under different types of acoustical loadings as well as environments and to identify better test condition. Firstly, a Head &amp;amp; Torso simulator with and without the motorcycle helmet in a built acoustical cabinet was exposed to digitally generated sound to investigate insertion loss values. Besides, the Head &amp;amp; Torso simulator was fixed onto a motorcycle to simulate actual driving conditions. Sound pressure levels were captured at the ear level to obtain insertion loss values in case of motorcycle noise for different engine speeds. By comparing calculated insertion losses, it was revealed that considerable differences existed between tests for different conditions. Beneficial interpretations were deduced and thus, a practical solution was presented for accurate measurements acoustic performance of the motorcycle helmets in laboratory conditions.

Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents in Turkey between 2013 and 2017

Background and objectives: Road traffic accident (RTAs) is one of the top ten leading causes of death worldwide and its incidence is higher in developing countries. In this study, our aim was to determine the characteristics of RTAs in Turkey and make recommendations to reduce mortality and morbidity related to RTAs. Material and Methods: We obtained our data, which cover the years 2013 to 2017, from the database accessible at the official website of the Turkish Statistical Institute, which permits the use of its data for research purposes. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis, and the percentage distribution and odds ratios were calculated. Results: In the study period, a total of 697,957 RTAs occurred in Turkey. A total of 1,168,121 individuals have been wounded and 3534 of them have lost their lives. The majority of RTAs occurred on weekends and in summer months. Male individuals are more likely to be exposed to death and injuries related to accidents. When the vehicle type is considered, motorcycle drivers are under more risk for RTAs. RTAs are more likely to occur in rural areas. Conclusion: Male individuals and motorcyclists are under a great risk for RTAs. Strict laws are mandatory in order to reduce morbidity and mortality related to RTAs. Additionally, educational efforts must focus on two-wheelers and tractor drivers, particularly in developing countries.

Do advanced stop lines for motorcycles improve road safety?

BackgroundIn Barcelona, Advanced Stop Lines (ASL) for motorcycles, were implemented since 2009. This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of ASL for motorcycles in preventing road traffic collisions. MethodsA quasi-experimental design of an evaluation study of an intervention with comparison group was performed. 35 ASL were implemented in 2009 (phase I) and 16 in 2010 (phase II). The study areas were: ASL area and 30 m preceding (34 m); Crosswalk and intersection (CROSS). For each ASL, a nearby comparison zone was chosen. Data on crashes were provided by police and included geocodes. Outcome variables were the number of injury collisions, people injured, collisions involving motorcycles, and of motorcycle drivers involved. Relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals, in the post-intervention period with respect to the pre-intervention, were estimated using Poisson-lognormal regression models, with a random area factor. The models were adjusted for traffic volume and street characteristics. ResultsIn Phase I, the annual mean of people injured were 50 pre- and 63 post-intervention in the ASL-34m area, and 234 and 197 in the ASL-CROSS area. After adjustment, in the ASL-34m, significant increases were found in the risk of collision (RR = 1.34 [1.12–1.61]), being injured (RR = 1.26 [1.01–1.58]), motorcycle involvement (RR = 1.44 [1.17–1.78]), and being a motorcycle driver involved (RR = 1.39 [1.10–1.75]). In the comparison zones (34 m), only the risk of being injured increased (RR = 1.42 [1.09–1.85]). In the ASL-CROSS area, there were no significant changes in risk, but in the comparison zones (CROSS) decreases were found in the risk of being injured (RR = 0.86 [0.75–0.98]) and of being a motorcycle driver involved (RR = 0.85 [0.74–0.98]). In phase II, there were no significant changes in risks. ConclusionASL are not effective in improving road safety. In some circumstances, they increase the risk of traffic injury.

Designing problem-solving questions to measure mathematical thinking type modeling

This research aims to describe the design results of problem-solving which can be used to measure mathematical thinking type modeling. This is design research consisting: Preliminary Design, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Trial, Observation & Interview, and Retrospective Analysis. The conclusion is the questions are problem-solving which can be used to measure mathematical thinking type modeling. FGD and test trial analysis show that the problem can be used to measure mathematical thinking type modeling. From the results of the design and FGD, the questions which have been designed have met the modeling indicators which are identifying problems, making assumptions, and mathematical models, analyzing solutions, iterating, implementing models. From test trial analysis, modeling indicators can be seen from the answer of the subjects. For example from the question number 2, subjects identify the problem by making a bonus arrangement obtained by an online motorcycle driver, and they assume the bonus in the first month in the form of variables. After that, through the iteration process and analyzing each iteration the subjects make a mathematical model, bonus patterns for online motorcycle driver in the n-th month, then subjects implement the model created so that the last month bonus obtained.

Results of a Campaign for Motorcycle Helmets Advocacy in a City in Southwest of Iran; A Population-Based Intervention Study.

Objective:We conducted a triple phase project for motorcycle helmets advocacy in Darab, a city in southwest Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the project on decreasing the hazards of motorcycle accidents.Methods:Using a questionnaire, data for ICU admission rates, hospital costs for patients who required ICU admission, rate of helmet usage, mortality and the duration of ICU care for patients admitted to Darab hospital due to motorcycle accidents in Winter 2015 (before conducting the project) and Winter 2016 (after conducting the project) were gathered and compared. This feature was also separately done for patients younger than 17 years.Results:The rate of wearing helmets increased significantly in winter 2016 (from 3.4 % to 33%). Also ICU admission rate due to head trauma was significantly decreased after the project was done (from 14.5 % to 4%). However, hospital costs for patients required ICU admission were increased in winter 2016. This increase, though not significant, seems to be due to an increase in health service expenses in the year 2016 as compared with the year 2015. The mortality rate was not significantly changed between the two mentioned years results. For patients younger than 17 years, no ICU admissions were needed in winter 2016.Conclusion:Even a short period of intervention can have positive effects on increasing the safety of motorcycle drivers.