Motor Function Measure In Children Research Articles

Predictive Validity of Parent-Reported PEDI-CAT Mobility and Gross Motor Function Measure in Children with Cerebral Palsy

<b>Background:</b> Recent contemporary studies demonstrated strong correlation between Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) and parent-reported Mobility domain of Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT Mobility) in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Hence, a need arose to investigate the prospect of predicting GMFM-66 scores using PEDI-CAT Mobility domain scores to estimate a child's gross motor function score. <b>Objectives: </b>To examine the predictability of GMFM-66 scores using PEDI-CAT Mobility scores in children with CP at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels II and III. <b>Methods:</b> GMFM-66 and PEDI-CAT Mobility scales were administered to 24 children with CP at GMFCS levels II and III. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated and an association between the two scores was obtained. Regression analysis was done to predict GMFM-66 scores from the PEDI-CAT Mobility scores. <b>Results:</b> GMFM-66 scores and the PEDI-CAT Mobility scores showed strong positive correlation in children with CP [GMFCS level II (r = 0.876, <i>p</i> = 0.006); and GMFCS level III (r = 0.709, <i>p</i> < 0.002)]. Regression analysis generated two equations for each level which were used to predict GMFM-66 scores from the PEDI-CAT Mobility scores. <b>Conclusion:</b> The association is strong between the two scores (GMFM-66 scores and PEDI-CAT Mobility scores). Hence, PEDI-CAT Mobility domain scores can be used to predict the corresponding GMFM-66 scores in children with CP at GMFCS levels II and III with moderate to high accuracy.

Relations between Knee Joint Range of Motion and Growth Motor Function Measure in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

Relations between Knee Joint Range of Motion and Growth Motor Function Measure in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

Effect of Long-Term Repeated Interval Rehabilitation on the Gross Motor Function Measure in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

The efficacy of interventions for cerebral palsy (CP) has been frequently investigated with inconclusive results and motor function measured by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) is common. In this observational analysis, we quantify the GMFM-66 change scores of the second and third year of a multimodal rehabilitation program (interval rehabilitation including home-based, vibration-assisted training) in children with CP. The study was a retrospective analysis of children with CP (2-13 years) participating for a second (n = 262) and third year (n = 86) in the rehabilitation program with GMFM-66 scores at start (M0), after 4 months (M4) of intensive training, and after 8 months of follow-up (M12). A method was previously developed to differentiate between possible treatment effects and expected development under standard of care for GMFM-66 scores using Cohen's d effect size (ES; size of difference). After the treatment phase of 4 months (M4) in the second year, 125 of 262 children were responder (ES ≥ 0.2) and 137 children nonresponder (ES < 0.2); mean ES for nonresponder was -0.212 (trivial) and for responder 0.836 (large). After M4 in the third year, 43 children of 86 were responder (ES = 0.881 [large]) and 43 nonresponder (ES = -0.124 [trivial]). Repeated rehabilitation shows a large additional treatment effect to standard of care in 50% of children which is likely due to the intervention, because in the follow-up period (standard of care), no additional treatment effect was observed and the children followed their expected development.

Reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Gross Motor Function Measure in children with cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVE: To test the intra- and interrater reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the 66-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66).METHOD: The sample included 48 children with cerebral palsy (CP), ranging from 2-17 years old, classified at levels I to IV of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and four child rehabilitation examiners. A main examiner evaluated all children using the GMFM-66 and video-recorded the assessments. The other examiners watched the video recordings and scored them independently for the assessment of interrater reliability. For the intrarater reliability evaluation, the main examiner watched the video recordings one month after the evaluation and re-scored each child. We calculated reliability by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with their respective 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS: Excellent test reliability was documented. The intrarater reliability of the total sample was ICC=0.99 (95% CI 0.98-0.99), and the interrater reliability was ICC=0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98). The reliability across GMFCS levels ranged from ICC=0.92 (95% CI 0.72-0.98) to ICC=0.99 (95% CI 0.99-0.99); the lowest value was the interrater reliability for the GMFCS IV group. Reliability in the five GMFM dimensions varied from ICC=0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97) to ICC=0.99 (95% CI 0.99-0.99).CONCLUSION: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the GMFM-66 showed excellent intra- and interrater reliability when used in Brazilian children with CP levels GMFCS I to IV.

Development and Pilot Testing of the Challenge Module: A Proposed Adjunct to the Gross Motor Function Measure for High-Functioning Children with Cerebral Palsy

ABSTRACTThe aim was to develop a Challenge Module (CM) as a proposed adjunct to the Gross Motor Function Measure for children with cerebral palsy who have high-level motor function. Items were generated in a physiotherapist (PT) focus group. Item reduction was based on PTs’ ratings of item importance and safety via online surveys. The proposed CM items were pilot-tested with children in Gross Motor Function Classification System Level I. The focus group identified 35 items for consideration. The first item-reduction survey (n = 86 PT respondents) resulted in 20 items. A second survey yielded two additional items. Seven pilot-test participants (6–14 years) had a CM total mean score of 74.5% (SD = 19.4). Three easy items were subsequently removed and two items combined. Of seven additional items suggested by the children during testing, two were accepted in a third item-reduction survey. The final result was a 20-item CM to evaluate advanced motor skills. The CM requires refinement through Rasch scaling and formal validation.

Development and validation of item sets to improve efficiency of administration of the 66‐item Gross Motor Function Measure in children with cerebral palsy

To develop an algorithmic approach to identify item sets of the 66-item version of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) to be administered to individual children, and to examine the validity of the algorithm for obtaining a GMFM-66 score. An algorithmic approach was used to identify item sets of the GMFM-66 (GMFM-66-IS) using data from 95 males and 79 females with cerebral palsy (CP; mean age 14y 7mo, SD 1y 8mo, range 12y 7mo to 17y 8mo). The GMFM-66-IS scores were then validated using combined data from three Dutch studies involving 134 males and 92 females with CP (mean age 7y, SD 4y 6mo, range 1y 4mo to 13y 8mo), representing all levels of the Gross Motor Function Classification System. The final algorithm contains three decision items from the GMFM-66 that determine which one of four item sets to administer. The GMFM-66-IS has excellent agreement with the full GMFM-66 both at a single assessment (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.994, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.993-0.996) and across repeat assessments (ICC=0.92, 95% CI 0.89-0.95). The GMFM-66-IS is a promising alternative to the full GMFM-66. Users should be consistent in their choice of measure (GMFM-66 or GMFM-66-IS) on repeat testing and clearly identify which method was used.

Course of health-related quality of life in 9–16-year-old children with cerebral palsy: Associations with gross motor abilities and mental health

Purpose. To chart the 3-year course of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of 9–13-year-old children with cerebral palsy (CP), and to determine its relationship with gross motor abilities and mental health.Methods. Children (n = 91; 58 boys, mean age 11 years, age ranging from 8 years and 6 months to 13 years and 8 months) and parents were assessed annually with the TNO-AZL questionnaires for children's health-related quality of life as a dependent variable, and the gross motor function measure for children with CP and the child behaviour check list as independent variables.Results. The children reported lower HRQoL compared with children in the general population, but reported a higher HRQoL than their parents. The HRQoL remained fairly stable over the 3 years, except for an increase in the autonomy domain. The HRQOL was moderately associated with gross motor abilities, and negatively associated with internalising mental health problems. Externalising problems were only negatively associated with parent-reported HRQoL.Conclusions. Children with CP are more resilient and positive about their HRQoL than their parents think they are. In general, mental health in children with CP appeared to be important in understanding their perceived QoL, in addition to the severity of the CP itself.

Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Gross Motor Function Measure for Children Receiving Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Gross Motor Function Measure for Children Receiving Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Validity of the Gross Motor Function Measure in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury

Validity of the Gross Motor Function Measure in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury

Evaluating the Responsiveness of 2 Versions of the Gross Motor Function Measure for Children With Cerebral Palsy

Wang HY, Yang YH. Evaluating the responsiveness of 2 versions of the Gross Motor Function Measure for children with cerebral palsy. Objective To compare the responsiveness to motor change of the original version of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) and its second version (GMFM-66) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Seven rehabilitation pediatric clinics. Participants Sixty-five children with CP (age range, 0.5−9.4y; mean, 3.7±1.9y) were recruited. Intervention The children’s motor ability was assessed twice with a mean interval of 3.5 months using all of the GMFM-88 items. A 3-category range of therapist judgments on the children’s meaningful motor improvement was used as an external standard. Main Outcome Measures GMFM-88 scores, GMFM-66 scores, and therapists’ judgments. Results Regarding the association with the therapist judgments, the overall responsiveness of GMFM-66 is superior to that of GMFM-88. Both measures’ sensitivities of the responsiveness are similar, but GMFM-66 has better specificity. Conclusions To evaluate the motor change in a sample of children with CP over a mean interval of 3.5 months by using the 2 versions of GMFM, the GMFM-66 was more responsive than the GMFM-88 with respect to consistency with therapist clinically meaningful judgments.

Gross Motor Function Measure for children with cerebral palsy

The aim of this study was to compare the pattern of motor dysfunction in Hong Kong Chinese children with spastic diplegic and the athetoid type of cerebral palsy (CP) by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). The GMFM was first tested on its content validity in differentiating the items suitable for testing on upper and lower limb function, followed by test-retest and inter-rater reliability studies, before it was used in a within-subject experiment comparing upper and lower gross motor function in two types of CP, respectively. Children with spastic diplegia (n=18) and with athetosis (n=19) were recruited from three pre-school centres, schools for physically handicapped children and centres of the Hong Kong Spastic Association in Hong Kong. The GMFM, a standardized outcome measure of the motor function in children with CP, was used in comparing mean scores of motor tasks involving upper limbs and those not involving upper limbs in the athetoid and spastic cerebral palsied children. The scores were significantly higher for the children in the spastic diplegic group, but there was no significant difference in the performance of static and dynamic motor tasks of the GMFM between the children in the two groups.

Verbeterd scoringssysteem van de grove motoriekfunctie bij kinderen met een cerebrale parese: bewijs voor betrouwbaarheid en validiteit

Improved scaling of the gross motor function measure for children with cerebral palsy: evidence of reliability and validity [Physical Therapy 2000;80(9):873-85]

Reliability of the Gross Motor Function Measure for Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) is a criterion-referenced evaluative measure designed to detect change over time for children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP). Reliability of this measure has not been tested for children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The purpose of this study was to determine the intra- and interrater reliabilities of the GMFM for use with children diagnosed with OI. One physical therapist administered and scored the GMFM for 19 children with OI who were followed at the Shriners Hospital for Children. The assessments were videotaped, then viewed and scored by five physical therapists, including the author, at least six weeks later. Intra- and interrater reliabilities were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Kappa statistics were calculated for items demonstrating more disagreement than the majority. The ICCs for intrarater reliability of the five dimensions and total score were 0.99. The ICCs for interrater reliability were 0.98 for the lying and rolling dimension and 0.99 for the other dimensions and total score. Kappa statistics for items demonstrating more disagreement than the majority ranged from 0.552 to 1.00. This study provides evidence of the reliability of the GMFM for children with OI when scored by pediatric physical therapists familiar with the measure. The videotape provided a consistent situation because each therapist did not directly interact with each child, but rather rated a videotaped session of the child's performance.

Reliability of the Gross Motor Function Measure for Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Purpose: The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) is a criterion-referenced evaluative measure designed to detect change over time for children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP). Reliability of this measure has not been tested for children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The purpose of this study was to determine the intra- and interrater reliabilities of the GMFM for use with children diagnosed with OI. Method: One physical therapist administered and scored the GMFM for 19 children with OI who were followed at the Shriners Hospital for Children. The assessments were videotaped, then viewed and scored by five physical therapists, including the author, at least six weeks later. Intra- and interrater reliabilities were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Kappa statistics were calculated for items demonstrating more disagreement than the majority. Results: The ICCs for intrarater reliability of the five dimensions and total score were 0.99. The ICCs for interrater reliability were 0.98 for the lying and rolling dimension and 0.99 for the other dimensions and total score. Kappa statistics for items demonstrating more disagreement than the majority ranged from 0.552 to 1.00. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the reliability of the GMFM for children with OI when scored by pediatric physical therapists familiar with the measure. The videotape provided a consistent situation because each therapist did not directly interact with each child, but rather rated a videotaped session of the child's performance.

Improved Scaling of the Gross Motor Function Measure for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Evidence of Reliability and Validity

This study examined the reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change of measurements obtained with a 66-item version of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) developed using Rasch analysis. The validity of measurements obtained with the GMFM-66 was assessed by examining the hierarchy of items and the GMFM-66 scores for different groups of children from a stratified random community-based sample of 537 children with cerebral palsy (CP). A subset of 228 children who had been reassessed at 12 months was used to test the hypothesis that children who are young (<5 years of age) and have "mild" CP will demonstrate greater change in GMFM-66 scores than children who are older ((5 years of age) and whose CP is more severe. Data from an additional 19 children with CP who were assessed twice, one week apart, were used to examine test-retest reliability. The overall changes in GMFM-66 scores over 12 months and a time ( severity ( age interaction supported our hypotheses. Test-retest reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficient=.99). This study demonstrated that the GMFM-66 has good psychometric properties. By providing a hierarchical structure and interval scaling, the GMFM-66 can provide a better understanding of motor development for children with CP than the 88 item GMFM and can improve the scoring and interpretation of data obtained with the GMFM.

Test-Retest Reliability of the Gross Motor Function Measure in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Pediatric Physical Therapy is the first and only peer-reviewed journal devoted to this discipline. The Journal provides a forum for scientific and professional exchange among researchers and practitioners throughout the world that represent subspecialties of the discipline, including early intervention, neonatology, pediatric sports and fitness, school physical therapy, acute care for seriously ill children, and the prevention of primary and secondary conditions that lead to disabling conditions. Official Journal of APTA Pediatrics, an Academy of the American Physical Therapy Association, The Dutch Association for Pediatric Physical Therapy, Physiotherapia Paediatrica, The New Zealand Society of Physiotherapists Pediatric Special Interest Group, and The Pediatric Division of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association.

Test-Retest Reliability of the Gross Motor Function Measure in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Test-Retest Reliability of the Gross Motor Function Measure in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Test-Retest Reliability of the Gross Motor Function Measure in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Test-Retest Reliability of the Gross Motor Function Measure in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Test-Retest Reliability of the Gross Motor Function Measure in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Test-Retest Reliability of the Gross Motor Function Measure in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Changes in the Gross Motor Function Measure in Children with Different Types of Cerebral Palsy

The aim of the study was to monitor the changes over an eight-month period in gross motor performance of a group of children with different types of cerebral palsy (CP) using the GMFM (Gross Motor Function Measure). Fifty children aged between 12 and 79 months and undergoing active physical therapy (twice a week) participated in the study. The children were evaluated three times at four-month intervals (baseline, four, and 8 months later) with the GMFM test under standardized conditions. Children with quadriplegia (n = 24), hemiplegia (n = 16), and diplegia (n = 10) showed significant improvement of their gross motor function over the eight-month period (mean GMFM total change score = 6.2%; 4.2%, and 7.0%, respectively) and there was no difference in the rate of change across types. The mean GMFM scores of the children with quadriplegia were always significantly lower than corresponding scores of the two other groups (p < 0.001). Results indicate that, irrespective of the type of CP, the GMFM is sensitive to changes in motor performance of children over time.