Motor Fitness Tests Research Articles

EXAMINING THE LINK BETWEEN MOTOR FITNESS AND MORPHOLOGY IN 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor fitness and morphological factors, including anthropometric measurements and body composition, in a cohort of 10-year-old children. The sample consisted of 32 boys (mean age 10.24 ± 0.22 years, body height: 147.12 ± 6.11 cm, body mass: 42.14 ± 11.02 kg, body mass index: 19.41 ± 4.16 kg/m2) and 29 girls (mean age 10.12 ± 0.20 years, body height: 145.31 ± 7.68 cm, body mass: 40.10 ± 8.76 kg, body mass index: 18.91 ± 3.58 kg/m2). Anthropometric and body composition variables encompassed body height (BH), body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), and free-fat mass (FFM). The motor fitness tests, designed to evaluate strength, coordination, speed and aerobic fitness, included standing long jump (SLJ), medicine ball throw (MBT), sit-ups in 30 seconds test (SUT), hand tapping test (HTT), obstacle course backwards test (OCB), and shuttle run test (SRT). While there were no notable differences between boys and girls in terms of morphology, for MBT (p = 0.011) and HTT (p = 0.016) fitness tests significant sex-differences were observed. Except HTT, all motor variables showed small to moderate correlations with morphological variables. Through the utilization of regression analysis, it was determined that BMI (r = 0.201 - 0.389) and BFM (r = 0.166 - 0.418) were the most influential predictor variables for the majority of motor variables. These findings suggest that anthropometry and body composition have a moderate impact on performance in motor tests that assess strength, body coordination, and aerobic fitness.

Motor Skills Increase In The Learning Model Of Circuit Games

This study aims to prove the effect of the circuit games learning model on students' motor skills through the motor fitness test instrument. Motoric abilities start from basic locomotor and non-locomotor movements to the occurrence of manipulative movements in students. Motoric abilities are thought to be able to develop students' movement and physical abilities. 30 students of SDN Kendalbulur I were selected consecutively to take part in the study using the circuit games learning model experiment. The research instrument used the motor fitness test. The statistical test uses an influence test using the pre and post-test format. The results showed that all motor fitness test items experienced an increase in value before and after the circuit games learning model was implemented (p <0.05). This shows that the motor skills of students have increased after learning is done. Recommendations from the results of the research are that PJOK teachers can apply game-based learning models, especially in circuit games. Furthermore, other game-based learning models are studied to be able to complement the learning model of circuit games.

Influence of body build on hand grip strength, simple reaction time and strength of the abdominal muscles in prepubertal children.

The aim of the study was to assess whether the body build has an impact on hand grip strength, muscle endurance and time reaction in children. The material of the research were 376 children from 6.78 to 11.82 years old in 2018. Body weight, height, waist, hip and mid-upper-arm circumferences, triceps and subscapular folds were measured. The BMI, body fat and AHtR (arm-circumference-to-height ratio) were calculated. The hand grip strength, simple reaction time (Quickstick) and strength of the abdominal muscles (endurance) were tested. Two-way ANOVA and correlation analyses with significance level p < 0.05 were used. Children with normal BMI values are characterized by better simple reaction time than their obese peers, while overweight and obese children estimated on the basis of BMI, AHtR and body fat perform were better in hand grip strength. In the case of strength of the abdominal muscles, there were no differences in children with different body build. The normal build and body weight promotes the proper development of children, which also is reflected in the results of motor performance and fitness tests.

Differential decline of physical fitness with age according to Body Mass Index levels.

The main objective of this study was to assess the association between age and physical fitness and motor fitness components according to BMI levels, in men and women separately, and to test if this association is different between BMI levels. This cross-sectional study was based on a pre-existing database from the DiagnoHealth battery, a French series of physical fitness and motor fitness tests designed by the Institut des Rencontres de la Forme (IRFO; Wattignies, France). Analyses were perfomed on 6830 women (65.8%) and 3356 men (34.2%) aged from 50 to 80 years. In this French series several physical fitness and motor fitness components were measured: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), speed, upper muscular endurance, lower muscular endurance, lower body muscular strengh, agility, balance, and flexibility. From the results of these tests, a specific score named Quotient of Physical Condition was calculated. Associations between age and physical fitness and motor fitness components according to BMI levels were modelized using linear regression for quantitative components, and ordinal logistic regression for ordinal components. Analyses were performed separately for women and men. A significant association of age with physical fitness and motor fitness performance in each BMI levels were observed in women except for lower muscular endurance, muscular strength and flexibility in obese women. A significant association of age with physical fitness and motor fitness performance in each BMI levels were observed in men except for upper/lower muscular endurance and flexibility in obese men. The present results shown that most of physical fitness and motor fitness decrease with age in women and men. Lower muscular endurance, muscular strength and flexibility did not change in obese women, thereas upper/lower muscular endurance and flexibility did not change in obese men. This finding is particularly revelant for guiding prevention strategies for maintaining physical fitness and motor fitness performance, which is one of the most important component of healthy aging and wellbeing.

Pattern Recognition: Features of Motor Fitness of 9-Year-Old Schoolchildren

The purpose of the study was to identify the gender-related features of motor fitness of 9-year-old schoolchildren.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study involved 83 9-year-old schoolchildren (35 girls, 48 boys). The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: Rope climbing in 2 steps, Rope climbing in 3 steps, One leg swing upward circle.&#x0D; Results. In the girls and boys, the differences in the level of development of movement coordination between individual parts of the body and vestibular stability are not statistically significant. The 9-year-old boys have a statistically significantly higher level of development of strength, speed strength, speed, endurance, and a higher level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises and rope climbing than the girls. The obtained canonical function explains 100% of the variation of results and is informative for classifying 8-year-old schoolchildren’s motor fitness (r = 0.937).&#x0D; The analysis of the canonical function indicates its statistical significance (λ = 0.122; p = 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusions. The canonical discriminant function can be used to classify the gender-relatedfeatures of motor fitness of 9-year-old schoolchildren. The discriminant analysis revealed the indicators that have the greatest weight in assessing the gender-related features of motor fitness of 9-year-old schoolchildren. They include the level of relative strength of the shoulder flexors, speed strength, agility, and the level of proficiency in the One leg swing upward circle on a low bar.

양측성 협응 운동과 시지각 훈련을 병행한 전정-고유감각 활동이 학령전기 발달 지연 아동의 감각통합기능 및 운동 발달에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combining vestibular-proprioceptive activities, bilateral coordination exercises, and visual perception training on sensory integration function and motor development in preschool-age children with developmental delay. This study is a case report of two male children with developmental delay, and was conducted over 16 sessions. In the initial evaluation and re-evaluation, the patients underwent a sensory profile, a motor fitness test (Bruininks-Oseretsky test of Motor Proficiency-2), and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Both sensory integration function and motor development were evaluated. During the intervention period, vestibular-proprioceptive activities were alternately combined with bilateral coordination exercises or visual perception training and performed for 40 minutes each. The differences between the initial evaluation and re-evaluation results of each patient were analyzed.&#x0D; When sensory integration function and motor development results before and after the intervention were compared, the first patient demonstrated improvement in seven areas and the second in four areas in the sensory profile. In the exercise fitness test, both patients demonstrated improved scores in all areas. Thus, it was confirmed that vestibular-proprioceptive activities, when combined with bilateral coordination exercise and visual perception training, had a positive effect on sensory integration function and motor development for preschool-age children with developmental delay.

Physical and Motor Fitness Tests for Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to identify the physical/motor fitness tests for nursing home residents and to examine their psychometric properties. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 2005 and October 2021 using MeSh terms and relevant keywords. Of the total of 4196 studies identified, 3914 were excluded based on title, abstracts, or because they were duplicates. The remaining 282 studies were full-text analyzed, and 41 were excluded, resulting in 241 studies included in the review. The most common physical component assessed was muscle strength; 174 (72.2%) studies assessed this component. Balance (138 studies, 57.3%) and agility (102 studies, 42.3%) were the second and third components, respectively, most widely assessed. In this review, we also describe the most used assessment tests for each physical/motor component. Some potentially relevant components such as manual dexterity and proprioception have been little considered. There are few studies assessing the psychometric properties of the tests for nursing home residents, although the data show that, in general, they are reliable. This review provides valuable information to researchers and health-care professionals regarding the physical/motor tests used in nursing home residences, helping them select the screening tools that could most closely fit their study objectives.

Study on motor fitness, motor creativity &amp; persistency among football, cricket and kho-kho players

Man has faced numerous problems since the beginning of life. They have solved the problems by the help of Physical Capacity and mental capacity viz., intelligence creativity etc. It can never say that the creative genius only born but can be manifest through proper congenial environments. Motor creativity is the physical expression of the creativity. When a child play it can be considered as the expression of creativeness in his own world of movement and actions. The physical aspects of motor creativity are only possible through motor movements. The ability of motor movement has been measured through motor ability test. Persistency of an individual mostly depends on mental power as well as it depends on motor capacity. 60 boys from 22 to 25 years were selected as the subject of the study among which 20 were football, 20 Kho-Kho and 20 cricket plays. All the subjects were taken from state level players in their respective games. The purpose of the study was to find relationship among persistency, motor fitness and motor creativity, whether motor creativity was dependent on persistency or on motor fitness or on both persistency and motor fitness together and whether persistency, motor fitness and motor creativity has any influence on performance of different nature of games. Motor creativity was measured by a newly constructed test by the researcher. The motor fitness of the subjects was measured through Indian Motor Fitness Test. The persistency of the subjects was measured through square puzzle test. In case of statistical procedure, Mean, Sd, ‘t’- test and correlation was done. The result shows that in motor fitness Kho-Kho players were better than other two groups and in motor creativity Kho-Kho players were also better than football and cricket group but in case of persistency cricket players were better than other two groups. The motor fitness, motor creativity and persistency were related to each other.

Revisiting the cross-sectional and prospective association of physical activity with body composition and physical fitness in preschoolers: A compositional data approach.

SummaryBackgroundInformation is limited for the benefits of physical activity (PA) in preschoolers. Previous research using accelerometer‐assessed PA may be affected for multicollinearity issues.ObjectivesThis study investigated the cross‐sectional and prospective associations of sedentary behaviour (SB) and PA with body composition and physical fitness using compositional data analysis.MethodsBaseline PA and SB were collected in 4‐year‐old (n = 315) using wrist‐worn GT3X+ during seven 24 h‐periods. Body composition (air‐displacement plethysmography) and physical fitness (PREFIT test battery) were assessed at baseline and at the 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsIncreasing vigorous PA at expenses of lower‐intensity behaviours for 4‐year‐old was associated with body composition and physical fitness at cross‐sectional and longitudinal levels. For example, reallocating 15 min/day from lower intensities to vigorous PA at baseline was associated with higher fat‐free mass index (+0.45 kg/m2, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.18–0.72 kg/m2), higher upper‐body strength (+0.6 kg, 95% CI: 0.1–1.19 kg), higher lower‐body strength (+8 cm, 95% CI: 3–13 cm), and shorter time in completing the motor fitness test (−0.4 s, 95% CI: −0.82 to [−0.01] s) at the 12‐month follow‐up. Pairwise reallocations of time indicated that the behaviour replaced was not relevant, as long as vigorous PA was increased.ConclusionsMore time in vigorous PA may imply short‐ and long‐term benefits on body composition and physical fitness in preschoolers. These findings using compositional data analysis corroborate our previously published results using isotemporal substitution models.

Reliability of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review.

Physical fitness is a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality, and is therefore a useful indicator for public health monitoring. To assess physical fitness, field-based tests are time-efficient, inexpensive, have minimal equipment requirements, and can be easily administered to a large number of individuals. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the reliability of existing field-based fitness tests used in adults aged 19-64years. A systematic search of two electronic databases (MEDLINE and Web of Science) was conducted from inception to 8 June 2021 by two independent researchers. Each study was classified as high, low, or very low quality according to the description of the participants, the time interval between measurements, the description of the results, and the appropriateness of statistics. Three levels of evidence (strong, moderate, and limited) were established according to the number of studies and the consistency of their findings. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO reference number, CRD42019118480). Of 17,010 records identified, 129 original studies examining the reliability of field-based fitness tests in adults were considered eligible. The reliability was assessed of tests of cardiorespiratory fitness (33 studies: 30 of high quality), musculoskeletal fitness (92 studies: 78 of high quality), and motor fitness (22 studies, all of high quality). There was strong evidence indicating: (i) the high reliability of the cardiorespiratory fitness tests: 20-m shuttle run, 6-min step, and 6-min walk; (ii) the high reliability of the musculoskeletal fitness tests: handgrip strength, back-leg strength, Sorensen, trunk flexion sustained, 5-reps sit-to-stand, sit-and-reach and toe-touch, and moderate reliability bilateral side bridge and prone bridge tests; and (iii) the moderate reliability and low reliability, respectively, of the motor fitness tests T-test and single-leg stand. We found moderate evidence indicating the moderate or high reliability of the following tests: Chester, sit-up, partial curl-up, flexion-rotation trunk, timed stair ascent, pull-up, bent-arm hang, standing broad jump, hop sequence, trunk lift, timed-up-and-go, and hexagon agility. Evidence for the reliability of balance and gait speed tests was inconclusive. Other field-based fitness tests demonstrated limited evidence, mainly due to there being only few studies. This review provides an evidence-based proposal of the more reliable field-based fitness tests for adults aged 19-64years. Our findings identified a need for more high-quality studies designed to assess the reliability of field-based tests of lower and upper body explosive and endurance muscular strength, and motor fitness (i.e., balance and gait speed tests) in adults.

Predictive Validity of Motor Fitness and Flexibility Tests in Adults and Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

Motor fitness and flexibility have been linked to several health issues. We aimed to investigate the predictive validity of motor fitness and flexibility tests in relation to health outcomes in adults and older adults. Web of Science and PubMed databases were screened for studies published from inception to November 2020. Two authors systematically searched, evaluated, and extracted data from identified original studies and systematic reviews/meta-analysis. Three levels of evidence were constructed: strong, moderate, and limited/inconclusive evidence. In total, 1182 studies were identified, and 70 studies and 6 systematic reviews/meta-analysis were summarized. Strong evidence indicated that (i) slower gait speed predicts falls and institutionalization/hospitalization in adults over 60 years old, cognitive decline/impairment over 55 years old, mobility disability over 50 years old, disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) over 54 years old, cardiovascular disease risk over 45 years old, and all-cause mortality over 35 years old; (ii) impaired balance predicts falls and disability in IADL/mobility disability in adults over 40 years old and all-cause mortality over 53 years old; (iii) worse timed up&go test (TUG) predicts falls and fear of falling over 40 years old. Evidence supports that slower gait speed, impaired balance, and worse TUG performance are significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes in adults.

Impact of Physical and Mental Training on Overall Performance and Sports Injury Prevention in Female Volleyball Athletes

The goal of this study was to assess and investigate the Impact of the Physical &amp; Mental training on thephysical fitness, competitive anxiety level and self-confidence of Female Volleyball Athletes in order toprevent the chances of injury during Volleyball and to educate the proper techniques for the sports injuryprevention. A total of 35 participants were included in the study after clearing functional movement screening(FMS). The participants were assessed pre and post the study to find the result and prove the hypothesis.The scales used were SCAT, TSCI, AAHPER. The participants were undergone 11 weeks interval trainingsession. The pre and post results were analyzed on T-Test and Percentage analysis. The findings of presentstudy show that in 35 participants 66% of the participants had shown improvement in the confidence levelafter the training whereas 71 % had shown improvement in the anxiety level after the training. On analyzing6 components of motor fitness on the basis of AAHPER Motor fitness test, 77% got benefitted in the SitUps training, 91 % got benefitted in flexed arm hang training. 66% had shown improvement in shuttlerun training. 54 % participants had shown improvement in standing long jump and 600-yard run trainingwhereas 51 % participants had shown improving in 50-yard dash training.Conclusion: On analyzing the physical fitness through AAHPER scale, the pre post results were highlysignificant which proves the physical training sessions of 11 weeks were effective in the improvement ofthe physical fitness of female Volleyball players. The Confidence level were remarkably improved aftertraining sessions as the T test pre post analysis was highly significant. The anxiety level of the participantswas shown improvement in the percentage analysis when they were assessed pre and post training sessionsthrough SCAT Scale. On the basis of the findings, it can be concluded that Interval Training session (Physicaland Mental) are effective on the overall performance of Female Volleyball Athletes.

The functional state of girls with high motor fitness in the conditions of digitalization

The article aims at revealing the functional state of girls aged between six-seven and 10-11 years with a generally high level of key motor skills due to the intensive use of digital technologies. Experimental studies comprised practically healthy girls aged between six-seven (n&gt;1,200 and n=60) and 10-11 years (n&gt;1,000 and n=74). To assess the information load of children, the authors of the article determined the total screen time and the digitalization of their living conditions. The level of digitalization was studied based on a modified Informatization Index (Imod). The heart rate and blood pressure were recorded. Based on these measurements, the authors calculated average pressure, the vegetative index of Kerdo, double product, the Myznikov index and changes in the functional index. They measured chest circumference, the length and weight of the body to calculate the body mass index. The battery of motor fitness tests included a 30-meter sprint, front bend, three sets of a 10-meter shuttle run, sit-ups, a long jump, a 6-minute run, PWC170. Physical activity was studied using the adapted questionnaire “Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)” and the timing of motor actions. During the intensive use of digital technologies, girls aged between six-seven and 10-11 years with a high level of motor abilities could be characterized by the most favorable functional state of their body in comparison with the same children with insufficient motor fitness. They had the hypertonicity of the parasympathetic division of the vegetative nervous system, the predominance of the autonomous regulation of the heart rate over central regulation, the expanded adaptive capabilities of the organism, harmonious physical development and high physical activity. The study results give reason to believe that an increase in the level of motor fitness of preschoolers and primary school children can have a significant effect on improving the functional state of their bodies due to the intensive use of digital technologies.

Gender-Related Peculiarities of 7-Year-Old Schoolchildren’s Motor Fitness

The purpose of the study was to identify gender-related peculiarities of 7-year-old schoolchildren’s motor fitness. Materials and methods. The study participants were 59 7-year-old schoolchildren (girls – 27, boys – 32). The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. The study recorded the primary schoolchildren’s level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises. The coefficient was determined by the formula: p = (m/n)×100, where p is the level of proficiency, m is the number of successfully performed exercises, n is the total number of attempts to perform the exercise. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: forward roll; backward roll; shoulderstand with bent legs. Results. The differences in the development level of movement coordination of individual parts of the body and vestibular stability are not statistically significant; in the 7-year-old girls and boys, there is a statistically significant difference in the development level of strength, speed strength, speed, endurance, and the level of proficiency in acrobatic exercises. Conclusions. A canonical discriminant function can be used to classify and identify the indicators that have the greatest weight in assessing gender-related peculiarities of 7-year-old schoolchildren’s motor fitness. In assessing gender-related peculiarities of 7-year-old schoolchildren’s motor fitness, these indicators include the level of proficiency in acrobatic exercises, the level of relative strength of shoulder flexors, endurance, and speed strength.

A DISCRIMINANT ANALYSES OF SPECIFIC FITNESS TESTING PROFILES OF CRICKET PLAYERS

The main purpose of the study was to compare the four different group cricket player’s skill wise, for the purpose total 38 players were recruited and further they were divided in four different groups as per their skills. It was predicted that all four groups will be different in their motor fitness profiles, for the purpose discriminant analyses was carried out and probability level was set for 0.05 levels. The results indicated that all four groups were different to each other in their motor fitness variables, but Vertical jump was the only variable which contributed significantly highest degree in separating the groups to each other. It was concluded that one can identify the cricket player’s skill wise on their motor fitness level and efficiency. Further, it was recommended to make specific motor fitness test compulsion in talent identification and in specific training programme of cricket player’s skill wise. Article visualizations:

Motor Skills: Motor Fitness Structure of 9-Year-Old Boys

The purpose of the study was to determine the place of motor skills in the motor fitness structure of 9-year-old boys. Materials and methods. The study participants were 48 9-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: “Rope climbing in two steps”, “Rope climbing in three steps”, “One leg swing upward circle”. Results. The level of fitness of the 9-year-old boys is homogeneous by the development of “agility”, “movement coordination”, “speed strength”, and “endurance”; inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency in rope climbing. The most informative indicators that determine the level of 9-year-old boys’ motor fitness are: No. 12 “Rope climbing in two steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 13 “Rope climbing in three steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 14 “One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency” (r = 0.875); No. 10 “Maintenance of stable posture – standing on one leg with closed eyes, s” (r = 0.683). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in the exercises determines the variation of testing results by 24.287%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in rope climbing shows that the exercises are difficult for 9-year-old boys to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 9-year-old boys’ arm flexors will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.

Motor Skills in Physical Fitness Structure of 8-Year-Old Girls

The purpose of the study was to determine the priority of motor skills in the motor fitness structure of 8-year-old girls. Materials and methods. The study participants were 40 8-year-old girls. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: “Shoulder stand”, “Bridge from supine position”, “One leg swing upward circle”. Results. The level of fitness of the 8-year-old girls is homogeneous by the development of “agility”, “movement coordination”, “speed strength”, and “endurance”; inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency. The most informative indicators that determine the level of the 8-year-old girls’ motor fitness are: No. 14 “One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency” (r = 0.890); No. 7 “Mixed hang rope pull-ups, times” (r = 0.889); No. 13 “Bridge from supine position, level of proficiency” (r = 0.842). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in exercises influences the variation of testing results, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in the exercises “Shoulder stand” and “One leg swing upward circle” shows that the exercises are difficult for 8-year-old girls to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 8-year-old girls’ arm flexors and vestibular stability will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.

Peculiarities of Motor Fitness Structure of 9-Year-Old Girls

Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of 9-year-old girls’ motor fitness structure. Materials and methods. The study involved 35 9-year-old girls. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The level of fitness of the 9-year-old girls is homogeneous by the development of “agility” and “movement coordination”, inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises. A graphic representation of a two-factor model of testing results shows that the analysis identifies two sets of data with high correlation coefficients. The first set includes tests No. 12, 13, 14, and 7, which characterize the level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises and relative arm strength; the second – tests No. 1, 10, and 5, which characterize the level of movement coordination development. Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in exercises determines the variation of testing results by 28.394%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises shows that the exercises “Rope climbing in two steps”, “Rope climbing in three steps”, “One leg swing upward circle” are difficult for 9-year-old girls to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the development of “arm strength” and “vestibular stability” ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of their development level is the reserve in training girls aged 9 which will positively influence the formation of motor skills.

Gender-Related Peculiarities of Motor Fitness of 8-Year-Old Schoolchildren

The purpose of the study was to identify gender-related peculiarities of motor fitness of 8-year-old schoolchildren. Materials and methods. The study participants were 82 8-year-old schoolchildren (girls – 40, boys – 42). The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: shoulderstand, bridge from supine position, one leg swing upward circle. Results. In the girls and boys, the differences in the development level of movement coordination of individual parts of the body and vestibular stability are not statistically significant. The 8-year-old boys have a statistically significantly higher level of development of strength, speed strength, speed, endurance and a higher level of proficiency in acrobatic and gymnastic exercises than girls. Conclusions. A canonical discriminant function can be used to classify the gender-related peculiarities of motor fitness of 8-year-old schoolchildren. A discriminant analysis revealed the indicators that have the greatest weight in assessing the gender-related peculiarities of motor fitness of 8-year-old schoolchildren. They include the level of relative strength of shoulder flexors, speed strength, endurance, and the level of proficiency in shoulderstand.

Effectiveness of a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Obesity among Children and Adolescents

Background: Now a days unhealthy lifestyle primarily responsible for the dramatic increase obesity among children and adolescents.&#x0D; Objective: The purpose of the study is to see the effects of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention to reduce obese children and adolescents. The main outcome was cardiometabolic risk based on the waist-to-height ratio (WHTR) measurement. Secondary outcomes were (1) changes in body composition; (2) adherence to a Mediterranean diet; and (3) physical performance.&#x0D; Methods: The study involved 64 overweight/obese children or adolescents conducted at Dhaka Shishu Hospital from October 2017 to September 2018. The intervention was multidisciplinary including nutrition, exercise, and psychological aspects based on a family-based approach; it was delivered for six months for children and three months for adolescents. Before and after the intervention, several anthropometric measures height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body composition, cardiometabolic risk index waist-to-height ratio (WHTR), and dietary habits of the participants and their families were evaluated. In addition, a set of functional motor fitness tests was performed to evaluate physical performance measures.&#x0D; Results: After the intervention both children and adolescents showed a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, and WHTR index and an improvement of fat-free mass, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical fitness performance.&#x0D; Conclusion: A short term family-based multidisciplinary approach is effective in ameliorating the health status, dietary habits, and physical performance in children and adolescents.&#x0D; DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 111-118