Motivational Orientation Research Articles

Effect of consumer brand involvement on brand advocacy: a moderated mediation model

ABSTRACT This study explored the mechanisms and contexts through which consumer brand involvement can influence brand advocacy. A moderated mediation model was empirically tested with a random sample of 387 Chinese consumers in Hong Kong. The results indicated that consumer brand involvement exerts a direct impact on brand advocacy and an indirect influence through a positive interaction between relation motivational orientation and affective brand commitment, and task motivational orientation and normative brand commitment. The findings contribute to the brand advocacy and customer brand engagement literature. This study also makes a theoretical contribution to the involvement – commitment model. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Assessing Student Teachers’ Motivation and Learning Strategies in Digital Inquiry-Based Learning

Over the past two decades, teachers have adopted several teaching and learning strategies for motivating students to learn chemistry. Learning chemistry in context enables students to develop richer crosscutting learning experiences relevant to contributing to solving problems. A qualitative case study method was adopted to examine student teachers’ experiences in digital inquiry-based learning. Questionnaires with closed-ended and open-ended questions were used to evaluate student teachers’ motivational orientations and learning strategies during a general chemistry course for one month. The results show that student teachers utilized varied perspectives such as self-efficacy, task value, and intrinsic goals to elaborate their learning for knowledge construction and application when performing collaborative tasks. The approach enables students to receive maximum support and feedback from instructors who use pedagogical styles to self-direct them during class discussions, which enhances their active participation in learning with the learning materials. The findings provide a practical insight into instructional strategies in delivering chemistry concepts when students are motivated to use and adopt varied learning strategies.

THE MOTIVATION OF PRACTICING SPORTS DANCE DURING PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSONS IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE SELF-IMAGE

Background. Motivational dynamics is always manifested at the level of global behavior, which means that understanding the motivational orientation of behavior requires a systemic view of it. Objectives. Sports dance - whose specific means we used in the experimental study, are effective ways to develop the self-image, the motivational system and the motivation to achieve the self-image. 70 subjects participated in the research, students from different faculties within the University of Bucharest, based on registration in the sports dance class. Among them, 50 female students and 20 male students, aged between 19 and 25, first-year students at the University of Bucharest. All of them opted for the sports dance class at the beginning of the 2022-2023 academic year. Sports dance lessons were held throughout the academic year according to the curriculum. Methods. The observation method: were monitored the indicators related to the efficiency of the execution, the improvement of the posture, of the body attitude, the efficiency of the communication, the relationship with the others, as relevant elements for the studied phenomenon. In addition to direct observation, the video camera and the computer were used. Speaking: using dialogue to obtain useful information. For the present research, the preferred subjects are: knowledge of the particularities of the motivational system; hierarchical organization of motives; knowledge of the conditional determinative and inhibiting factors for practicing of sports dance; evaluation and knowledge of the relationship between achievement motivation and self-image. Questionnaire-based survey: the questionnaire was developed to study self-image and self-esteem. It was developed and applied in order to study the importance that the subjects give to the sports dance practiced in the physical education class for the development of the motivation to realize the self-image. Statistical-mathematical method – statistical-mathematical processing of the data resulting from the questionnaire. Graphical representation method: Microsoft Excel was used. Results. The obtained results were ranked according to the score, tabulated, interpreted and presented graphically. Conclusion. The processing of the subjects results from the initial and final testing, highlights the awareness that has occurred on the benefits that the practice of physical exercises, in general and sports dance, in particular, brings to personal development. From the results of the study, it emerged that Sports Dance develops social intelligence, interpersonal relationships, communication ability, emotional intelligence, the ability to make voluntary effort, perceptive qualities.

Ambulatory assessment of suicidal ambivalence: The temporal variability of the wish to live and the wish to die and their relevance in the concurrent and prospective prediction of suicidal desire.

Suicidal ambivalence is increasingly understood as the result of the interplay of two conflicting motivational orientations, the wish to die (WTD) and wish to live (WTL). However, research is scarce regarding the nature of their relationship, their temporal structure, and their relevance in predicting suicidal desire. Fifty psychosomatic/psychiatric inpatients (17 reporting suicide attempts) took part in an intensive longitudinal design with 10 signal-contingent prompts per day over 10 days; assessing WTD, WTL, and suicidal desire. We calculated mean values and variability of WTD, WTL, suicidal ambivalence, and suicidal desire and tested mixed-effects models of suicidal desire. The mean number of answered prompts was 40.98 (SD = 21.68). Repeated-measures correlation of WTD and WTL was r = -0.60. Patients with a history of suicide attempts reported higher WTD, lower WTL, more suicidal ambivalence, stronger suicidal desire, and showed higher variability in all constructs. At the same assessment, WTD was the strongest statistical predictor of suicidal desire. Only WTL and the interaction of WTD and WTL predicted suicidal desire prospectively. Wish to die and WTL are likely two distinct (although correlated) constructs that should not be reduced to a single ambivalence score. A stronger focus on WTL holds potential for suicide research and practice.

Modeling learning-oriented motivation in health students: a system dynamics approach

BackgroundEvidence shows that motivational practices focused on utility, importance, and autonomy shape university students’ motivational orientation toward learning. On the other hand, the relationship between these variables and motivational orientation toward learning is not linear and requires models that describe their behavior over time.MethodIn this study, mathematical modeling based on system dynamics methodology is used to simulate in health students the temporal dynamics of the motivational orientation toward learning based on the behavior of these variables in different scenarios.ResultsThe results indicate that a) Mastery is sensitive to changes in frequency when importance and autonomy practices are performed; b) the development of Mastery is critical in the first three semesters of academic life, but its loss is hardly recoverable even when practices are incorporated in subsequent semesters; c) Utility-focused motivational practices have no significant effect on the development of learning-oriented motivation.ConclusionThese findings have significant practical implications for higher education. Understanding the critical role of Mastery in the early stages of academic life and the limited potential for recovery if lost can help raise awareness of the importance of early implementation of motivational practices focused on relevance and autonomy.

Chinese heritage language learners' motivation and intention to continue learning Mandarin

AbstractThis study explored Chinese heritage language learners' prior Mandarin experiences and their current Mandarin‐learning experiences to reveal factors that influence their motivation and intention to continue or discontinue their Mandarin coursework. Using a Grounded Theory approach, we conducted demographic surveys and semi‐structured interviews with eight participants taking beginner‐level Mandarin courses. Following open, axial, and selective coding procedures, we developed a model portraying factors that influenced HLLs' decision to continue their enrollment in Mandarin classes. The model revealed that their decisions were fueled by ongoing appraisals via their motivational orientations, course expectations, and emotional experiences that drove their approach or avoidance focus. In particular, Mandarin high dropout rates may result from 1) HLLs' unmet course expectations, 2) lack of specific future‐oriented instrumental values, and 3) unpleasant emotional experiences within the class. The study concluded with four pedagogical implications (e.g., adopting task‐based language teaching) to sustain HLLs' motivation in college HL courses.

The Social Motivational Orientations in Sport Scale (SMOSS): Validation for Portuguese Physical Education Students

Social goals are increasingly seen as motivational factors for youth sports participation and can strongly motivate participation and engagement, not only in structured sports contexts but also in physical education (PE), given the opportunities for social interaction with peers and the presence of skills like communication, cooperation, and competition within groups. The Social Motivational Orientations in Sport Scale (SMOSS) measures three types of social goals in sports participation: affiliation, status, and recognition. The current study aimed to adapt and validate the SMOSS for the Portuguese context, using a sample of 460 PE students (14–19 years old, 58.9% female). The confirmatory factor analysis results supported the three-factor model (affiliation, recognition, and status), after excluding two items. This adapted 13-item SMOSS demonstrated invariance across genders and showed good internal consistency across its three dimensions. It also exhibited convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. These findings indicate that the Portuguese version of the SMOSS is a valid and reliable instrument. It is now well suited for use by schools, teachers, and psychologists to effectively assess PE students’ social goals. Additionally, the SMOSS can assist in evaluating intervention programs aimed at enhancing students’ social motivation, thus contributing to more effective educational and developmental strategies in PE settings.

Understanding prosocial and antisocial behaviours: The roles of self‐focused and other‐focused motivational orientations

AbstractWe examine how individual differences in self‐focused and other‐focused orientations relate to prosocial (e.g., helping, volunteerism) and antisocial (e.g., theft, violence) behaviours/attitudes. Using four datasets (total N = 176,216; across 78 countries), we find that other‐focused orientations (e.g., socially focused values, intimacy motivation, compassionate/communal traits) generally relate positively to prosocial outcomes and negatively to antisocial outcomes. These effects are highly consistent cross‐nationally and across multiple ways of operationalizing constructs. In contrast, self‐focused orientations (e.g., personally focused values, power motivation, assertive/agentic traits) tend to relate positively to both antisocial and prosocial outcomes. However, associations with prosocial outcomes vary substantially across nations and construct operationalizations. Overall, the effects of other‐focused orientations are consistently larger than those of self‐focused orientations. We discuss the implications of these findings for interventions that target self‐focused and other‐focused motivations to influence prosocial and antisocial outcomes.

An Investigation Into the Relationship Between Saudi College EFL Learners’ Motivational Orientations, Learning Autonomy, and Achievement

An Investigation Into the Relationship Between Saudi College EFL Learners’ Motivational Orientations, Learning Autonomy, and Achievement

Self-talk valence and motivational orientation for entrepreneurship: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT Self-talk is a well-researched component of self-efficacy that is frequently used as a motivational tool in sports. This study investigated how self-talk, as a component of entrepreneurship self-efficacy, relates to entrepreneurial motivation orientation. An online survey measured the self-talk valence of twenty-four entrepreneurs. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with the same entrepreneurs to collect narratives of their entrepreneurship start-up. The interview data were thematically coded and analysed. Links between the entrepreneurship motivation and the entrepreneurs’ net self-talk valence scores were plotted. The analysis suggests that those with positive self-talk typically had intrinsic motivation orientations, while those with negative scores had shared extrinsic motivational orientations. Contrary to the association of positive self-talk with motivation in sports, counterintuitively, negative self-talk’s link with motivation presents a novel finding. This finding is explained using the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ theories of entrepreneurial motivation. The study recommends deductive testing for this inductively explored relationship.

A natural fit: exposure to nature influences regulatory focus

PurposeNatural environments and imagery are known to have a myriad of effects on people’s physical and psychological states. However, little is known about how exposure to nature-related imagery can influence consumers’ motivational states. This research investigates the effect of exposure to nature on consumers’ regulatory focus. More specifically, this paper proposes that consumers exposed to nature will exhibit stronger promotion-oriented focus and weaker prevention-oriented focus, and as such, these consumers will prefer promotion-framed marketing messages over prevention-framed ones. This paper aims to explore a mediating mechanism and a boundary condition for this effect.Design/methodology/approachA series of six experiments, including an Implicit Association Test, examined the effect of exposure to images of natural objects and scenes (in contrast with non-nature imagery) on consumers’ regulatory focus and whether they experienced regulatory fit when encountering promotion-framed (vs prevention-framed) advertising messages.FindingsThe results revealed that consumers exhibited lower prevention-focused and higher promotion-focused motivational orientation after exposure to nature. Furthermore, exposure to nature led consumers to experience more regulatory fit with promotion-oriented marketing messages than prevention-oriented ones. This study found that natural environments offer urban consumers a reprieve from their day-to-day life, which mediates the effect of exposure to nature on regulatory focus. This study investigated the boundary condition of engaging in maintenance of nature (e.g. mow the grass) in which the effects of nature on regulatory focus were attenuated.Research limitations/implicationsThis study used text and pictures related to nature as a way to expose the online participants to nature. Future research may use field studies with participants in real natural settings, with expectation of stronger effects. Second, this study examined mostly urban American participants. There may be cultural differences or living situations (e.g. living “off the grid” and in the “wild”) that influence people’s relationship with nature. Future research may examine how these differences can affect the influence of exposure to nature on motivational orientation.Practical implicationsThe findings have direct implications for marketing managers and other related stakeholders. Exposing urban consumers to nature – even images of nature – they become more receptive to promotion-framed advertisements and marketing communications (vs prevention-framed messaging).Originality/valueLittle is currently known about how exposure to nature can influence psychological processes such as motivational orientation. This research contributes to the understanding of consumers’ responses to nature-related imagery in advertising and the effect that nature imagery has on consumers’ motivational orientation. This research also contributes to the body of work on regulatory focus by identifying a novel context in which consumers’ motivational orientation can be influenced.

Behavioral Segmentation of Personnel in the Human Resource Management System of Universities

In the conditions of modernization of higher education, the importance of effective methods of managing the personnel potential of universities and higher education institutions is increasing. The use of segmentation allows you to form an effective strategy for personnel management of various categories, minimize personnel risks, save time and financial resources. The purpose of the study is to identify the technologies of behavioral segmentation of the organization’s personnel and to consider the possibilities of their use in the management of the human resources potential of higher education institutions. The analysis of the data of sociological surveys indicates the presence of significant difficulties in conducting behavioral segmentation of university teachers, which is due to a wide range of objective and subjective factors that determine the specifics of professional strategies of teachers. Based on the research results, a variant of behavioral segmentation of teachers is proposed, taking into account two factors: on the one hand, the level of expectations from work, requests to the employer, the most significant for teachers, on the other hand, the level of practical implementation of requests and expectations from the professional activity of teachers. The general characteristics and boundaries of the segments allocated depending on behavioral characteristics can become the basis for the development and implementation of a differentiated personnel policy, the formation of an effective system of motivation of employees of different categories. The behavioural segmentation of teachers, proposed by the author of this study, is based on general marketing approaches to the analysis of motivational orientations and preferences of a specific category of employees; the article considers a wide range of factors that determine teachers’ satisfaction with their work. The complexity of the implementation of these approaches is due to the fact that there is no universal toolkit for behavioral segmentation of personnel, and the choice of criteria and methods for separating and dividing personnel should be specified each time taking into account the objectives facing managers.

Perception of Virtual Education Learning among Dental Residents and Faculty during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic prompted a rapid shift from in-person to virtual learning in dental education. This study aims to assess the perceptions of virtual education learning among dental residents and faculty and employ regulatory focus theory (RFT) to understand the impact of motivational orientations on virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 46 dental residents and 10 faculty members in a dental institution participated in the study (June-August 2021). Questionnaires were used to obtain data on demographics, perceptions of virtual learning, burnout, and RFT types (promotion and prevention focus). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with perceptions of virtual learning and burnout. Overall, 70% of residents and 44% of faculty found virtual learning effective. Younger residents with less experience preferred virtual learning more than their older, experienced peers. Residents trained outside the U.S. and Canada favored in-person learning more than those trained within. Furthermore, residents with a higher promotion focus score found virtual learning more interactive for didactic courses. Additionally, 52% of residents experienced burnout, with a higher incidence among females (p = 0.044). Virtual learning is well received by dental residents and faculty, with potential for continued use post-pandemic. Future efforts should focus on creating an inclusive and supportive educational environment that meets the motivational and well-being needs of dental residents and faculty.

Cognitive Study Strategies and Motivational Orientations among University Students: A Latent Profile Analysis

Cognitive study strategies and motivational orientations play a crucial role in promoting successful learning and academic achievement. This study aims to explore the presence of different cognitive–motivational profiles among Italian university students using latent profile analysis. A sample of 476 university students (mean age: 26.5 ± 9.6 years; 71.6% female) participated in a cross-sectional online survey, including the Self-Regulated Knowledge Scale-University, the Academic Motivation Scale, the Students’ Self-Efficacy Scale, the Outcome Questionnaire-45, and a brief measure of dropout intention. Latent profile analysis identified three distinct configurations of self-regulated learning strategies and motivational orientations: “autonomous-motivated deep learners” (AUT-Learn; 60.5%), “externally-motivated balanced strategists” (EXT-Bal; 36.8%), and “externally-motivated task performers” (EXT-Task; 6.8%). The three profiles exhibit significant differences in self-efficacy, dropout intention, grade point average (GPA), and psychological wellbeing. The AUT-Learn profile showed higher self-efficacy than EXT-Bal and EXT-Task, and higher GPA than EXT-Task. Additionally, AUT-Learn participants reported lower dropout intention and higher psychological wellbeing compared to EXT-Bal and EXT-Task, while EXT-Bal showed lower dropout intention and better wellbeing than EXT-Task. The predictive validity and practical implications of this classification warrant further investigation in dedicated longitudinal studies.

Undergraduate Goal Orientations Across the Globe: Does the 3 X 2 Model Hold Up?

<p style="text-align:justify">Recently, a large-scale study of college students’ motivation orientations when they transitioned to online learning because of the global COVID-19 pandemic found that unlike prior studies, in the 3 x 2 goal orientation framework the standard for competence (self, other, task) was of greater importance than valence (approach, avoidant). Moreover, previous research found students’ different goal orientations related to how they responded to the shutdown academically from both volition and social perspectives. We investigated whether a three-factor model would replicate with unique undergraduate cross-cultural samples, and we wanted to examine how students with different goal orientations responded to the shutdown of their universities due to the pandemic. Students from a U.S. university and students from Oman completed a 44-item goal orientation survey, a demographic survey, and an 11-item survey to assess students’ experiences following the pandemic. Results indicate that students who set task-based goals were less likely to have negative experiences related to the social aspects of the pandemic and those students who had negative responses to the lack of social contact were also expected to have lower grades.</p>

Rural School Students’ Motivational Orientations in Learning English as a Foreign Language

Many empirical studies have been conducted to examine students’ motivation to learn English as a Foreign Language, given its growing power and the influence of globalization. However, school students' voices were almost missing in previous research in the Kazakhstani context, especially in rural areas. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore motivational orientations in learning English as a foreign language in one rural school. To do so, the following research questions were formulated: 1) What are students’ motivational orientations in learning English as a foreign language? 2) What strategies are viewed as helpful in increasing their motivation? The Language 2 Motivational System proposed by Dornyei’s (2005) was applied in the research. It is built on three components: Ideal Language 2 Self; Ought 2 Self; Language 2 learning experience. The study was conducted through a qualitative approach. The data was collected via semi-structured one-on-one interviews with nine Grade 9 students. The six phases of thematic analysis developed by Braun and Clarke (2013) were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that students’ Ideal 2 Self prevails over Ought 2 Self, where family and future endeavors were found to be the most influential factors. From this study, several implications were suggested, such as conducting only English lessons, organizing school competitions, adding extra classes, and reopening private tutoring centers in the village.

READINESS OF PEDIATRICIANS TO FORM A VALUE ATTITUDE OF PATIENTS TO THEIR HEALTH

Background. At present, the Russian state, medical and educational communities are concerned about the health of the younger generation. In this regard, at the stage of training pediatricians in residency, there is a very acute issue related to the search for approaches, means and methods of training that contribute to the formation of the readiness of such specialists to carry out psychological and pedagogical activities and solve pedagogical problems, in the process of professional medical activity, one of which is the education of the value attitude of children to their own health. From 2022 to 2023 academic year, an experimental study was conducted at the Faculty of Retraining and Continuing Professional Education at the St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, aimed at to studying evaluate the pediatrician's level of psychological and pedagogical knowledge formation and pedagogical skills which are related to their readiness to the psychological and pedagogical type of activity and the solution of pedagogical problems in medical practice. Purpose. To identify changes in the state of psychological and pedagogical knowledge and the motivational orientation of pediatricians to the formation of the value attitude of patients to health during the experimental work, conditioned by the contextual approach to the study of the discipline "Pedagogy". Materials and methods. The study involved 300 first-year pediatricians with an average age of 25.48±2.03 years, including 233 women and 67 men. All respondents were divided into two groups (150 people each) – the main group and the control group – according to the criterion of participation in the experimental work, which involved the use of a contextual approach in the process of studying the discipline of the Pedagogy curriculum. Residents agreed to conduct research procedures. In advance, the authors of the article received permission from the Local Ethics Committee of the St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University to organize an experimental study. The methodology of the study consisted of adapted questionnaires and questionnaires. The followingstatistical methods were used: Wilcoxon T-test (for related samples); the analysis of correlations between the studied parameters was carried out using the C. Spearman criterion. The calculation of the results was carried out using the application package of the program "IBM SPSS Statistics 27". Results. Experimental research work has revealed changes in the level of formation of psychological and pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical skills that ensure the readiness of pediatricians to carry out psychological and pedagogical activities in the process of medical practice and to solve the pedagogical problem aimed at educating the value attitude of patients to their own health. Conclusions. The results of the experimental study indicate the need to use a contextual approach in the process of training pediatricians for psychological and pedagogical activities, and as a didactic means of teaching - medical and pedagogical situations recreated or modeled by specialists.

Comparative Analysis of the Motivational Orientations of English as Second Language Learners among Erstwhile FATA and Settled Areas in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Comparative Analysis of the Motivational Orientations of English as Second Language Learners among Erstwhile FATA and Settled Areas in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Motivational Orientations of Students with Learning Disabilities in Mathematics

Motivational Orientations of Students with Learning Disabilities in Mathematics

Features of studying and implementing gamification technologies in the practice of teaching a foreign language

Importance. The development of gamification technologies in the practice of teaching activities is considered. The process of formation and development of gamification concepts in domestic and foreign education is analyzed, the main approaches to the specification of the term “gamification” are identified, it is emphasized that gamification, unlike many gaming practices, has a nonimitation nature, where, based on certain rules, an educational result is achieved.Materials and Methods. An overview of the results of foreign empirical studies of gamification is presented, the identified positive effects of technology application and promising directions of its study are shown.Results and Discussion. Structural and content types of gamification are identified, including the main elements and mechanisms of this pedagogical technology. The potential of pedagogical technology in the field of motivational orientation, involvement and immersion of students in the educational process is emphasized. The distinctive features and possible negative trends in the use of gamification in the educational process are identified.Conclusion. Gamification technologies make it possible to implement most didactic principles and implement sociocultural, communicative, self-development, therapeutic, correctional and entertaining pedagogical functions.