Motivational Interviewing Methods Research Articles

Effectiveness of teaching motivational interview technique to third professional year medical students to improve counseling skills – An interventional study

Abstract Background: Effective patient–provider communication was recognized as essential to providing high-quality medical care. In medical practice, motivational interviewing (MI) is a vital communication method. By assisting patients in exploring and resolving ambivalence and resistance to change, this directive the patient-centered counseling approach seeks to elicit behavior change. Health behavior change counseling skills were taught as a learning objective in medical curricula worldwide. However, in many medical colleges, this area of health-care education was frequently unstructured and informal. Objective: This study aimed to find out if teaching medical students how to conduct motivational interviews helped them feel more confident about their ability to advise patients on changing their health-related behaviors, such as their breastfeeding habits in the present study. Methodology: All 200 third-year medical students of a medical college participated in MI sessions for health behavior change. Antenatal and postnatal mothers completed a pre- and posttest questionnaire before and after being educated by trained medical students; later, the students completed a perception questionnaire regarding their confidence. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17, and student perceptions were presented as percentages. Results: The mean score (knowledge) of posttests (12.53) is higher than the mean score of pretests (9.23) which is statistically significant (P = 0.000). There was a role of health education for behavioral change in improving mothers' knowledge regarding breastfeeding, (antenatal and postnatal). Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrated that teaching MI methods to third-year medical students could increase student confidence in giving patients advice about changing their health-related behaviors.

The Effect of Training Program Given to Multiple Pregnants by Motivational Interview Method on Fear of Birth and Delivery Style

Aim: Within the scope of our research, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of the training programs given with the motivational interview attitude given specifically to the mothers with multiple pregnancies on possible fears of childbirth and self-perception. In this direction, case and control studies were conducted with two groups. In summary, it focused on the effect of self-efficacy experienced during birth and self-efficacy experienced at the same time.
 Material and Methods: Our study was carried out between August 2022 and November 2022 in Adana Seyhan State Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic with 73 multiple pregnant women (intervention: 37, control: 36) who met the study. More than one pregnant mother in the sample was randomly selected according to the intervention and control groups. "Training Program Based on Motivational Interview Method for Fear of Birth" was given to 37 pregnant women in the case group, four sessions individually, once a week.
 Results: In obtaining the relevant data within the scope of our study; Descriptive Personal Form, Wijma Birth Expectation/Experience Scale (W-DEQ) Versions A and B, Birth Self-Efficacy Scale (DSS) Short Version and Birth Evaluation Form were used. During the evaluation of the data, descriptive statistics such as the number of patients and the percentage of gender were recorded. Data are shown as mean±standard deviation, median (percentage). Chi-square test, Independent Groups t test, Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, repeated measures ANOVA test and Friedman test were used in statistical analysis.
 Conclusion: In the training program conducted with the motivational interview approach with pregnant mothers, it was revealed that possible fears of birth were minimized, positive increases were observed in birth self-efficacy, and the effect on birth types was not much. Looking at the results of the research; In order to minimize the fear of birth in the prenatal period and to increase self-efficacy during birth, it is recommended to include it in nursing care in a training program based on the motivational interview approach for fear of birth.

Comparative Evaluation of Oral Health and Behavior Changes in Children after Motivational Interviewing and Traditional Method of Oral Health Education among Mothers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

To analyze the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) compared to traditional health education among mothers in improving children's oral health and behavioral changes. The search strategy was framed using relevant MeSH terms and free text terms in PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for the articles published in the English language between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2020. Only randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and clinical trials comparing MI with traditional health education were included. Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) tool was used for the quality assessment of the included studies, and Review Manager 5.3 software was used for computing results. A total of 9 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 5 for quantitative synthesis from an initial search of 3,708 articles. The cumulative mean difference for dental caries was -1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI)-1.37-0.70] p < 0.00001, for frequency of toothbrushing Pooled odds ratio was 1.69 (95% CI-0.68-4.25) p = 0.26 and for in-between snacking was 0.83 with (95% CI-0.48-1.44) p = 0.51. A significant difference was present in dental caries among children with mothers in the MI group, while no difference was present in in-between snacking and frequency of toothbrushing between both the groups. Motivational interviewing (MI) prove to be significantly effective in reducing newer dental caries for shorter duration; however, long-term effectiveness could not be assessed. Motivational interviewing (MI) can be considered an effective and feasible method for oral health education to mothers, which will, in turn, improve the oral health of their children. International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) under registration code. CRD42021224278. Karande PH, Shetty VB, Vinay V, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Oral Health and Behavior Changes in Children after Motivational Interviewing and Traditional Method of Oral Health Education among Mothers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):464-473.

The effectiveness of motivational interviewing among dentists. systematic review

Aim. 1) To study the development of emotional burnout syndrome among dentists of different genders, ages, seniority and place of work, and different specializations. 2) Analyze the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) among dentists with symptoms of emotional burnout. 3) To study the influence of MI on the behavior and psycho-emotional state of dentists, on the development of emotional burnout syndrome, empathy and job satisfaction.Materials and Methods. Studying the relevance of "motivational interviewing" in PubMed and Web of Science databases. Evaluation of the effectiveness of MI in medical practice among dentists with symptoms of emotional burnout. Modification of the professional burnout questionnaire in accordance with the specifics of the professional duties of dentists and the manifestations of burnout. A questionnaire was conducted to determine the development of professional burnout syndrome among dentists.Results. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire among 135 dentists, taking as a sample the Questionnaire of emotional burnout K. Maslach and S. Jackson. Based on this model, the "Areas of Worklife Survey" and the "General Health Questionnaire" (General Health Questionnaire GHQ-12) were constructed and modified. The questionnaire showed that among dentists, pediatric dentists suffer from a large percentage of the development of burnout (75%), followed by dental therapists (65%), universal dentists (44%), dental surgeons (38%), orthopedic dentists (35%), dentists and orthodontists (30%). The presence of signs of burnout requires corrective action such as the method of motivational interviewing. We have developed methodological recommendations for individual training with the use of MI for dentists of various specialties with emotional burnout syndrome. The results of the study show that the percentage of dentists with burnout after training with MI becomes 3% less.Conclusions. Timely preventive and corrective measures reduce the negative impact of the burnout syndrome on the personality of a professional. Motivational interviewing is useful for strengthening motivation to change behavior in dentists working with patients who have various behavioral problems.

The effect of the training program provided to primiparous pregnant women through the motivational interview method on their fear of childbirth, childbirth self-efficacy, and delivery mode: a randomized controlled trial

The effect of the training program provided to primiparous pregnant women through the motivational interview method on their fear of childbirth, childbirth self-efficacy, and delivery mode: a randomized controlled trial

The effect of motivational interview conducted by nurses on quality of life: Meta-analysis.

The aim of the study is to examine the effect of the motivational interviewing method conducted by nurses on the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases. The studies examined in this meta-analysis study were obtained by scanning the PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and YÖK thesis databases between January and May 2021 without any year limitation. After the elimination, 16 studies were included in the study. The data were synthesized with meta-analysis and narrative methods. The total sample size of the studies was 14,425. This meta-analysis demonstrated that the motivational interviewing method applied by nurses in individuals with chronic diseases changed their quality of life (SMD: 0.258, 95% confidence interval: 0.076-0.441; Z = 2.775, p = 0.006, I2 = 89.97%). The variance between studies was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for the moderator of the measurement tools, the duration of the motivational interviews, and the country/continent of the studies were conducted (p < 0.05), suggesting that the measurement tools, the duration of the motivational interview, and the country/continent of the studies changed the effect size of the motivational interview method on the quality of life. It has been concluded that the motivational interview method applied by nurses who are in a critical position in the protection and development of health improves the quality of life of individuals with chronic diseases.

The effects of protective behavioral strategies on heavy drinking following a pure motivational interviewing intervention

ABSTRACT Background: Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are cognitive-behavioral strategies that students use to prevent risky drinking. Prior work supports PBS as a mechanism of change following a brief motivational intervention (BMI) among college students. This study investigated the necessity of discussing PBS by examining changes in PBS use and drinking following an alcohol intervention that used the parent method of Motivational Interviewing (MI), or Pure MI. Methods: Data came from a pilot study that looked at the effects of Pure MI that targeted risky social drinking behavior. The study comprised 42 college students who endorsed hazardous drinking in the last 2 weeks and social anxiety symptoms. Participants completed measures of safe and heavy drinking behaviors at baseline and one-month follow-up. Results: The results showed that PBS use increased from baseline to one-month follow-up. Further, the reduction in heavy drinking in social situations was partially explained by an increase in PBS use from pre- to post-intervention. Conclusions: Despite not introducing PBS into discussions during the MI intervention, we found that students who used more PBS reported reduced heavy drinking in social situations. Implications from the study suggest that interventions focused on student motivation rather than knowledge can promote safe and reduce hazardous drinking behaviors.

THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEW METHOD IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DIAGNOSIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA ON DRUG ADAPTATION: A META-ANALYSIS STUDY

This main purpose is to reveal the drug compliance of motivational interview method in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia as an information to previous studies. The research was carried out by scanning the articles in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Pscyh-Info, Turkish Psychiatry Directory, Ulakbim, YÖK National Thesis Center, Dergipark, Turkish Medline and Turkiye Klinikleri databases between January-February 2021. 1713 records were reached in the screening. The full text of 825 articles were examined according to the access and exclusion criteria, and 4 studies reporting results about the effect of motivational interviewing on drug compliance in individuals with schizophrenia were included in the analysis. The studies included a total of 384 individuals, including 190 (49.47%) and 194 (51.53%) individuals in the control group. Three of the studies were randomized controlled experimental studies and one was pretest-posttest controlled experimental study. Our study concluded that the motivational interview method is effective in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Perhaps this research is recommended to be conducted for researches on research articles in Turkish society on the basis of written research.

Interactive Performance and Simulation Learning

Over the course of 2018 - 2019, interactive experience design company, (ix)plore Lab, created three simulation-based learning programs for the Travis County Reentry Employment Services (RES) training in Austin, Texas. Participants, most of whom were from organizations that assist formerly incarcerated individuals during the reentry process, attended workshops focused on client-based practices. Specifically, they learned techniques for better conducting informal assessments and motivational interviewing methods they could utilize in their work. Each workshop culminated in an interview with a fictional client, played by an actor. The team wished to improve upon existing live simulation models in several ways. First, by creating a method to provide immediate feedback to learners. Second, by increasing the simulations adaptability so it could adjust to each individual learner. Lastly, the simulation needed to have a high degree of emotional fidelity. To achieve these, (ix)plore Lab designed the programs by integrating techniques from interactive theater performance with existing simulation practices to effectively target specific skills for development. This article provides an overview of the techniques involved and adjustments made to focus on soft skill development, and documents three simulation-based learning programs that took place over the course of 2018 - 2019, highlighting developments made with each iteration. The training program documented in this paper was created without monetary compensation. In lieu of payment, the organizers of RES allowed (ix)plore Lab to collect feedback from learners and to use the training as a laboratory for workshopping this simulation-based learning model.

Barriers and Facilitators for Implementing Motivational Interviewing as a Return to Work Intervention in a Norwegian Social Insurance Setting: A Mixed Methods Process Evaluation

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate potential barriers and facilitators for implementing motivational interviewing (MI) as a return to work (RTW) intervention in a Norwegian social insurance setting. Methods A mixed-methods process evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial involving MI sessions delivered by social insurance caseworkers. The study was guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework using focus groups with the caseworkers. MI fidelity was evaluated through audio-recordings of MI sessions and questionnaires to sick-listed participants. Results Lack of co-worker and managerial support, time and place for practicing to further develop MI skills, and a high workload made the MI intervention challenging for the caseworkers. The MI method was experienced as useful, but difficult to master. MI fidelity results showed technical global scores over the threshold for “beginning proficiency” whereas the relational global score was under the threshold. The sick-listed workers reported being satisfied with the MI sessions. Conclusions Despite caseworker motivation for learning and using MI in early follow-up sessions, MI was hard to master and use in practice. Several barriers and facilitators were identified; these should be addressed before implementing MI in a social insurance setting.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03212118 (registered July 11, 2017).

Motivational Interviewing and Glycemic Control in Adolescents With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

A multicenter randomized controlled pilot trial investigated whether motivational interviewing (MI) by diabetes physicians improves glycemic control and variability in the context of follow-up for adolescent patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. Patients (n = 47) aged 12 to 15.9 years who showed poor glycemic control (HbA1c >75 mmol/mol/9.0%) were randomized to standard education (SE) only or MI+SE, with study physicians randomized to employ MI+SE (N = 24 patients) or SE only (N = 23). For one year of follow-up, the main outcome measurements were obtained at three-month visits (HbA1c) or six-monthly: time in range (TIR) and glycemic variability (CV). Mean adjusted 12-month change in HbA1c was similar between the MI+SE and SE-only group (-3.6 vs. -1.0 mmol/mol), and no inter-group differences were visible in the mean adjusted 12-month change in TIR (-0.8 vs. 2.6%; P = 0.53) or CV (-0.5 vs. -6.2; P = 0.26). However, the order of entering the study correlated significantly with the 12-month change in HbA1c in the MI+SE group (r = -0.5; P = 0.006) and not in the SE-only group (r = 0.2; P = 0.4). No link was evident between MI and changes in quality of life. The authors conclude that MI’s short-term use by diabetes physicians managing adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes was not superior to SE alone; however, improved skills in applying the MI method at the outpatient clinic may produce greater benefits in glycemic control.

Team-based "Get-a-Grip" lifestyle management programme in the treatment of obesity.

This study examined weight loss during an extensive 1-year lifestyle programme in primary care in Finland in overweight subjects (n=134, age 18-69years; BMI>30, or BMI>25 with a comorbidity that would benefit from weight loss) between 2009 and 2013 in a single arm design. The programme included four medical doctor visits, five sessions by a dietitian (advice on diet and on-location shopping behaviour), cooking classes, exercise supervised by personal trainer, and group discussions. A motivational interview method was applied. Of the 134 participants, 92 (69%) completed the 1-year programme. Among the participants 44% lost≥5%, while 21% lost≥10% of their initial body weight. In intention-to-treat-analyses, the mean weight loss during one year was 4.8kg (p<0.001). Mean BMI decreased by 1.7kg/m2 (p<0.001) and waist circumference by 5.6cm (p<0.001). Mean muscle mass increased by 3.3% (p<0.001), and body fat decreased by 5.0% (p<0.001). After the programme mean visceral fat content was reduced by 6.4%, systolic blood pressure by 8mmHg (p<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure by 6mmHg (p<0.001). In conclusion, retention to the team-based lifestyle management programme resulted in moderate but significant weight loss with beneficial changes in body composition, and the trend to lose weight was maintained throughout the year. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04003259.

The Impact of Pharmacist-delivered Motivational Interviewing on Chronic Kidney Disease Identification and Management in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Low Socioeconomic Status

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complication among patients with diabetes mellitus; however, noncompliance with the recommended annual screening is common. Increased screening among high-risk patients is important to identify the early stages CKD, potentially resulting in earlier treatment, slower progression, fewer complications, and decreased healthcare expenditures. Motivational interviewing (MI) has previously been shown to be effective for various behaviors, such as smoking cessation and cholesterol level control. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist-delivered MI compared to typical education (TE) methods in increasing CKD screening and subsequent angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) initiation in high-risk patient populations. Pharmacists screened diabetic patients within their chronic disease management clinic to identify patients that are at high-risk for CKD, indicated by a score of 4 or greater on the validated SCORED screening tool. High-risk patients were randomized to one of four groups to receive either one or two face-to-face education sessions from a pharmacist or student pharmacist using either MI or TE methods. Patients were then given the option to have their urine tested with a dipstick to detect albumin and creatinine, provided at no cost. The primary outcome was to determine the rate of urinary albumin testing, and the secondary outcome was to determine the rate of ACE-I or ARB initiation in patients found to have albuminuria. There were no significant differences in the rates of urinary albumin screening (87% in TE vs. 100% in MI, P = 0.4828) or subsequent ACE-I/ARB initiation (100% in TE and 50% in MI, P = 1.000) between education groups. Of the high-risk patients who underwent urinary albumin screening, 54% (n=15) were found to have proteinuria. While it appears that MI does not impact patient acceptance rates of microalbuminuria screening and ACE-I/ARB initiation, this study demonstrates the feasibility of pharmacist-delivered microalbuminuria screeningin patients at high-risk for CKD in the outpatient setting.

To initiate the conversation - Public health nurses' experiences of working with obesity in persons with mobility disability.

AimDeveloping a theory explaining how public health nurses accomplish and adapt counselling in lifestyle habits to decrease obesity in people with mobility disability.DesignEmpirical research ‐ qualitative.MethodClassic grounded theory with face‐to‐face interviews, 2017–2018, using inductive approach to understand public health nurses' intervening experiences with obesity patients.ResultsTo initiate the conversation emerged as the main concern meaning having difficulties initiating conversations about obesity with patients. Public health nurses’ facilitators to communicate lifestyle changes emerged as the pattern generating the theory, which consists of the categories; person‐centeredness in the situation, experience and knowledge, strengthening conditions, access to other professionals and prioritization in everyday work.ConclusionsPublic health nurses hesitate to raise topics of obesity in patients with mobility disability. They advocate increased integration with lifestyle changes in everyday work including multi‐professional cooperation. The implication is testing the emerged theory at primary health care centres.ImpactObesity is more common in people with mobility disability than in those without. There is a need to understand how public health nurses adapt counselling in lifestyle habits. Public health nurses hesitate to talk about obesity with patients in fear of offending anyone. Public health nurses did not distinguish between patients with or without mobility disability. Several facilitators could be helpful initiating conversation with the patients. Public health nurses need more time and resources to facilitate conversation with patients with mobility disability to counsel lifestyle changes.

The effect of a transtheoretical model-based motivational interview on self-efficacy, metabolic control, and health behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to determine the effect of a transtheoretical model-based motivational interview method on self-efficacy, metabolic control, and health behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized controlled study design was used. The study was conducted with 50 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, divided into an intervention group and a control group. The researcher held motivational interviews with the patients in the intervention group. Both groups were observed at the beginning of the study and 6months after the baseline interview. The study data were collected between January 8 and November 18, 2014. Comparing the intervention and the control groups, the differences in the level of self-efficacy and participants' metabolic values were significant (P<.05). The number of participants in the action stage of the intervention group for nutrition, exercise, and medication use significantly increased compared with the control group (P<.05). The transtheoretical model-based motivational interview method increased the self-efficacy level of participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which helped them improve their metabolic control and health behaviour stages over this 6-month period.

The Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Physical Activity in Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract Background Current guidelines emphasise the importance of physical activity in the treatment of people with COPD. In general the physical activity level of of people with COPD is lower compared to healthy subjects. Evidence of the effectiveness of counselling in helping people with COPD to increase their activity is inconclusive. The promising method of motivational interviewing (MI) increased the activity levels in people with other chronic diseases. Objective The aim of this review was to examine the effect of MI-based counselling on activity levels in people with COPD. Method A systematic review on studies addressing short-term and preferably long-term effects of MI-based counselling on activity levels in people with COPD was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, Cochrane Library, psycINFO and Web of Science. The study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and the TIDieR checklist. Results The review included seven randomised controlled trials (RCT). Two of the three RCT with clinically relevant between-group differences showed also statistically significant effects. Conclusion MI-counselling might have a positive short-term effect on physical activity in people with COPD. However, all studies showed no long-term impact.

The Effect of the Motivational Interview Method on the Lifestyle of Hypertensive Individuals

This study aims to analyse the effect of motivational interviews on the lifestyle of hypertensive individuals. This study was conducted with hypertensive individuals between the ages of 24 and 45, registered in seven family health centres in Aksehir, Konya, Turkey. The 75 individuals who agreed to participate were allocated into two groups: experimental and control. Both the groups were administered the pre-test, then the experimental group was visited for a total of 5 times: four visits at threeweek intervals and one visit after one month. The study was completed by administering the post-test to both groups and data were analysed using SPSS 17.0. Statistically significant differences were found between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group in terms of blood pressure and BMI. In conclusion, motivational interviews can be used in ensuring healthy nutrition and regulation of their exercise level and blood pressure for hypertensive individuals. Keywords: Hypertension, lifestyle, blood pressure, body mass index, nursing

Motivational interviewing and the clinical science of Carl Rogers.

The clinical method of motivational interviewing (MI) evolved from the person-centered approach of Carl Rogers, maintaining his pioneering commitment to the scientific study of therapeutic processes and outcomes. The development of MI pertains to all 3 of the 125th anniversary themes explored in this special issue. Applications of MI have spread far beyond clinical psychology into fields including health care, rehabilitation, public health, social work, dentistry, corrections, coaching, and education, directly impacting the lives of many people. The public relevance and impact of clinical psychology are illustrated in the similarity of MI processes and outcomes across such diverse fields and the inseparability of human services from the person who provides them, in that both relational and technical elements of MI predict client outcomes. Within the history of clinical psychology MI is a clear product of clinical science, arising from the seminal work of Carl Rogers whose own research grounded clinical practice in empirical science. As with Rogers' work 70 years ago, MI began as an inductive empirical approach, observing clinical practice to develop and test hypotheses about what actually promotes change. Research on MI bridges the current divide between evidence-based practice and the well-established importance of therapeutic relationship. Research on training and learning of MI further questions the current model of continuing professional education through self-study and workshops as a way of improving practice behavior and client outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record

Motivational Interviewing

Motivational interviewing (MI) has been established as an efficacious clinical approach for treating a range of emotional and behavioral concerns, both alone and in combination with other interventions. MI is a method of communication designed to increase intrinsic motivation and commitment to change. The MI method is consistent with self-determination theory that suggests that patient’s internalize motivation when he or she feels relatedness, competence, and autonomy support. MI is specified by an underlying perspective or spirit, a flow of processes, and a set of skills. MI spirit is defined by partnership, acceptance, compassion, and evocation. MI processes include engaging, focusing, evoking, planning, and maintaining. The primary MI skills are reflections, open questions, and providing information or advice in an MI style. This review presents an overview of these components with real-world examples. MI is grounded in research and highly applicable across many settings. The practitioner seeking to incorporate MI into practice will better facilitate behavior change and maximize human potential in diverse populations. This review contains 5 figures, 6 tables, and 55 references. Key words: behavior change adolescents, cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication adherence, mental health, motivational interviewing, obesity, self-determination theory, smoking, substance use

Effects of lifestyle advice provided by pharmacists on blood pressure: The COMmunity Pharmacists ASSist for Blood Pressure (COMPASS-BP) randomized trial.

The COMmunity Pharamcists ASSist for Blood Pressure (COMPASS-BP) study aimed to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle support programs administered in community pharmacies on hypertension control. This open-label, two-armed parallel group, cluster-randomized controlled trial included 73 pharmacies (clusters) in Japan randomized to a control or intervention group. Eligible hypertensive patients (n = 125), aged 20-75 years, received the intervention (n = 64) or the control treatment (n = 61), as dictated by their pharmacy randomization. Patients in the intervention group received brochures and healthy lifestyle advice from pharmacists using motivational interviewing methods during pharmacy visits over a 12-week period, with their usual pharmacy care. Conversely, the control group just received usual care. The main outcome measure was a change in morning systolic blood pressure (SBP) from baseline to week 12. The intervention group exhibited a decrease in morning SBP that was 6.0 mmHg greater than that of the control group (95% confidence interval [CI]: -11.0 to -0.9, p = 0.021). In a mixed-effect model for repeated measures analysis, the intergroup difference in morning SBP decrease was -4.5 mmHg (95% CI: -8.5 to -0.6, p = 0.024). Our findings indicate that implementation of a lifestyle advice program in pharmacies is feasible and may lead to reduced blood pressure.