Individual Motivation Research Articles

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FORMING AN EFFECTIVE INNOVATIVE TEAM

This article highlights issues related to the social and psychological foundations of the formation of a team capable of working effectively and responding to modern challenges of the market environment. It was determined that such bases are the individual motives of the members of the labor team, namely their personal beliefs regarding the expediency of performing professional tasks. It is established that they are formed at the early stages of the socialization of the individual under the influence of education, upbringing, norms of social morality and are corrected during his subsequent working life. It has been found that motives can be more stable than incentives, which can cause an undesirable final result of the enterprise's activity. With this in mind, the task of institutional management should be the creation of an effective motivational system aimed at strengthening the role of incentives in the structure of employee motivation for professional development, professional development, creativity, creativity and initiative. The article provides recommendations on directions for adjusting the national management system in order to create an effective innovative team. In particular, to improve the work of the team and the final efficiency of the enterprise, it is recommended to create an effective system of labor incentives through the introduction of elements of foreign management models. The proposed elements make it possible to create an effective model of personnel motivation management, as they are aimed at strengthening the personal motives of employees to protect their own professional interests and dignity, use the opportunity for self-development and self-realization, involvement in the process of enterprise management and decision-making, evaluation of one's own labor contribution and recognition of the obtained results, adjustment constructive business relations in the team. It was determined that these innovations should become the basis for further improvement of the motivation of employees in the domestic management system, since each branch and field of activity has its own characteristics, taking into account the possibility of their further adjustment.

The Role of Self-efficacy in Motivating Middle School Students' Learning

Self-efficacy is a pivotal psychological factor that shapes an individual's actions and motivations, significantly influencing the learning journey of middle school students. By examining the current state of self-efficacy and learning motivation among adolescents, this paper, drawing on practical teaching insights, explores their interplay. Evidence suggests that students with robust self-efficacy tend to exhibit stronger learning motivation and resilience, whereas those with lower self-efficacy are more likely to shy away from academic challenges. Hence, bolstering students' self-efficacy is critical for enhancing their learning drive. The paper proposes strategies such as achievement feedback, teacher support, and peer interaction to improve self-efficacy among middle school students.

"It's Like Making Reflective Practice More of the Heart of Who We Are": An Exploration of Facilitators and Barriers to Implementing Reflective Supervision in State Pre-K.

High-quality supervision for teachers in early care and education (ECE) is essential for building positive teacher-child relationships and enhancing ECE program quality, which in turn promotes healthy social-emotional and academic development in young children. Reflective supervision (RS) is a process-oriented and relationship-centered supervisory approach that has growing empirical evidence supporting its use. As the evidence base for RS continues to expand, and early childhood-serving settings-including ECE-increasingly consider this approach, understanding whether RS is likely to be routinely used in ECE settings and what helps or hinders use of this approach is critically important. Thus, the aims of this study were to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of RS in state-funded pre-Kindergarten (state pre-K) programs, as well as delineate the implementation determinants that either advanced or challenged the use of RS in state pre-K. This study was informed and guided by the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the CFIR Outcomes Addendum. Participants included 11 state pre-K program supervisors who had been trained in RS. Participants completed brief measures of feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of RS, and semi-structured interviews. Descriptive analyses of quantitative measures revealed that participants perceived RS as feasible to implement in their programs, highly acceptable, and highly appropriate, thereby suggesting that RS is likely to be implemented successfully in this setting. Qualitative data obtained from interviews and coded using the updated CFIR lent greater nuance to these results by specifying the facilitators and barriers affecting implementation. All participants reported great need for RS at the supervisor, teacher, and child/family level, and identified numerous other facilitating factors within four CFIR domains (i.e., Innovation, Outer Setting, Inner Setting, and Individuals), ranging from the relative advantage of RS to individual supervisor motivation and capability. Participants also cited barriers to using RS, most notably staffing difficulties, competing demands, and lack of policy and leadership support. Through theory-driven implementation frameworks applied to a real-world ECE setting, these findings extend prior research suggesting that RS may be an effective supervisory approach by highlighting the contextual factors that make RS more or less likely to be adopted, used, and sustained in state pre-K.

Memory and motivation in language revitalization practice

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between collective memory and individual second‐language (L2) learning motivation as articulated in a qualitative research study with language revitalization practitioners. These practitioners learn and teach their languages and engage in other activities in order to bring Indigenous or ancestral languages into new use following a period of loss. In this study, 28 revitalization practitioners from eight language communities were interviewed about why they choose to learn their languages, what challenges they face, and what supports them in their practice. Interviews were first analyzed using inductive thematic analysis and were subsequently analyzed deductively to engage with research on the functions of autobiographical memory. Findings show how collective memories are made salient in the language revitalization experience, how individuals grapple with painful memories of what their communities and families endured as a result of colonization, and how these collective memories impact individual L2 motivation. These findings illustrate the importance of collective memory in theorizing L2 motivation in order to enhance understanding of context, dismantle overly individualistic interpretations of L2 motivation models, and open avenues for critically engaging with historical trauma and resistance.

Why do lawyers attack the rule of law? Trajectories of “Trump lawyers”

ABSTRACT This article explores why lawyers participate in attacks on the rule of law by examining the career trajectories of lawyers involved in the “Stop the Steal” campaign to overturn the results of the 2020 US presidential election. The article uses biographical information about “Trump lawyers” to identify distinctive paths into the campaign and to analyze how those paths were shaped by the interplay of individual motives, like money and power, and structural factors, like political context and practice site. Mapping the roles lawyers played in the 2020 election attack, the article proposes a typology of career trajectories into autocratic movements and considers what they teach about the influence of rising polarization and stratification on American lawyers' relationship to democracy.

A Meta-Analytic Review of Transformational Leadership Research in Public Administration

Despite the increasing research attention devoted to transformational leadership in public administration, there is still concern over whether it is appropriate and effective in the public context. To answer the important question of whether and when transformational leadership is effective, this study meta-analytically reviewed transformational leadership research based on 70 primary studies that include 151 independent effect sizes from 718,601 participants. It was found that transformational leadership was significantly related to outcomes at both individual (motivations, attitudes, and behaviors) and organizational (performance and innovation) levels, and positively related to transactional leadership and leader-member exchange. Moderation analyses revealed that national cultural values and public/semipublic affiliation of the studied samples, as well as measurement scales of transformational leadership explained some of the transformational leadership-outcome relationship variations. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The Application of Self-Determination Theory in Psychological Counseling Process

Self Determination Theory (SDT) is an important theoretical framework used in psychological counseling to increase intrinsic motivation, strengthen psychological well-being and support behavioural changes. This study examines the applications and effects of SDT in psychological counseling in detail. Deci and Ryan SDT focuses on the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness to increase the intrinsic motivation of individuals. Meeting these basic needs has positive effects on the psychological well-being of clients. SDT applications in psychological counseling stand out with their effectiveness in increasing client engagement and commitment to therapy. The autonomy-supportive approaches of SDT encourage clients to participate more actively in the therapy processes, which positively affects therapeutic outcomes. Research shows that SDT increases clients' intrinsic motivation and this motivation leads to high success rates in therapeutic processes. In the study, the application examples and case studies section shows how SDT is applied in various therapeutic contexts and what results it yields. The case studies illustrate how SDT supports clients' psychological well-being and is effective in behavioural change processes. Clinical research and meta-analyses provide important findings supporting the general validity and effectiveness of SDT. In conclusion, SDT is an effective approach in psychological counseling to increase clients' intrinsic motivation, strengthen their psychological well-being and support long-term changes.

Peran Motivasi Dan Lingkungan Keluarga Terhadap Minat Menjadi Akuntan

This study aims to analyze the influence of motivation and family environment on the interest of Accounting students of Al-Qolam University in choosing a career as an accountant. In a dynamic working world, career choice is an important decision that is influenced by various factors, including individual intrinsic motivation and support from the family environment. This study uses a quantitative method by collecting data through a questionnaire to 15 Sharia Accounting students of Al-Qolam University. The data analysis technique used includes multiple linear regression tests to see the effect of the two independent variables (motivation and family environment) on the dependent variable (interest in becoming an accountant). The results of the study indicate that both motivation and family environment have a significant effect, both partially and simultaneously, on students' interest in becoming accountants. This finding has an important impact on the development of curriculum and educational strategies that can increase motivation and family support in supporting student careers in the field of sharia accounting.

Exploring Individual Components of Sport Persistence in the Light of Gender, Education, and Level and Type of Sport

Background/Objectives: Sport persistence can be coded as an indicator of sport performance and commitment, incorporating personality traits such as resilience, adaptive coping, and positive personality traits. Thus, athletes do not merely persist in sporting activities but are qualitatively committed to them. Methods: In the present research, we used a qualitative methodology to investigate the factors underlying sport persistence, using Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological model. In total, 133 high school and college student-athletes were surveyed in a semi-structured interview study. We set the following research question: How do the factors involved in developing sport persistence vary across athletes’ gender, level of study, and level and type of sport? Data were analyzed along the lines of grounded theory. ATLAS.ti and IBM SPSS 22.0 statistical software were used for the analysis. Results: Our analysis divided individual motivation into intrinsic (health promotion, habituation, becoming a competitive athlete, self-improvement, self-actualization, relaxation, and sport enjoyment) and extrinsic motivation (family-related motivation, coach, social relationships, competition, livelihood, recognition). The cross-tabulation analysis revealed that contrary to the general trend, no significant differences can be experienced in the core motivational patterns contributing to sport persistence. However, significant differences could be detected concerning the level of education, level of sporting activity, and type of sport. Conclusions: Our findings not only shed light on the unique factors underlying sport persistence, but also challenge the trends observed in traditional sport motivation analyses. This insight could potentially revolutionize how we approach youth sport promotion and physical activity among young people, making our research highly relevant and impactful.

A Enhanced Process for Examining Resumes and Organizing Candidates Through Statistical Methods

Selecting suitable applicants is an important part of the screening process in a recruitment consulting firm. In general, traditional recruiting practices are used by the majority of businesses and consulting organizations. The primary strategy is employing resume-based screening techniques to attract exceptionally skilled researchers and developers for high-tech enterprises. Typically, the organization evaluates the individual's qualifications, professional history, employment experience, motivations, specialist abilities, and past creative projects as shown in their résumé in order to select the most suited candidate. The study sought to examine and mechanize efficient screening techniques utilized by consulting firms, emphasizing the need of ongoing research in comprehending evolving customer requirements and enhancing the screening process. Various techniques typically employ automated image analysis and heuristic methods to extract tabular bioinformatics data from resumes, with the aim of gathering pertinent information. This research employs optical character recognition (OCR) as it circumvents the inherent automotive engineering of the document and has been demonstrated to be a viable approach. Resumes in PDF format were gathered via convenience sampling and systematic random sampling, and data was then extracted from the resume documents by OCR. The pertinent data is subsequently analyzed using statistical techniques such as the Chi-square test, percentage studies, and the weighted average approach based on factors such as experience, technical/non-technical skills, employability, career advancement, salary expectations, and role/designation expectations. The proposed approach empowered the selection of the appropriate resumes for the subsequent recruitment progression.. sections. Such references are made by indicating the section number, for example, “In Sec. 2 we showed...” or “Section 2.1 contained a description....” If the word Section, Reference, Equation, or Figure starts a sentence, it is spelled out. When occurring in the middle of a sentence, these words are abbreviated Sec., Ref., Eq., and Fig. At the first occurrence of an acronym, spell it out followed by the acronym in parentheses, e.g., charge-coupled diode (CCD). Key Words: Resume screening process; Optical character recognition; Recruitment; Chi-square test, subsequently analyzed pertinent data; efficient screening technique; appropriate resume; PDF;

Blended Learning: What Changes?

This article questions the changes brought about in the teaching system of university courses after the COVID-19 pandemic. Online learning, once considered an experimental and emergency tool, is increasingly becoming a standard practice integrated into teaching delivery systems. This article examines the impact that blended learning has on the host city and how it is perceived and experienced by the key stakeholders. Focusing on two degree courses that employ a blended learning model, the article proposes a survey for teachers and students to investigate the problems and advantages of blended courses. In both groups, there is no consensus of opinion or a clear trend on any issue. This fragmentation of responses should be understood as stemming from the individual motivations, unique characteristics, and personal experiences of each participant, intertwined with their university careers. It also reflects the level of adaptation to blended teaching achieved by each individual. It becomes clear that blended teaching encompasses all the challenges of online teaching but also expands access to university education and offers the possibility of exploring the educational potential offered by technology. Blended learning encourages students to be more independent and to develop their capacity for self-directed learning, though not all students are prepared for this shift. For teachers, blended learning also demands a methodological shift, differentiating between online and in-person lessons. However, while challenges remain, the progress made so far appears promising for the future. To ensure continued success, it is essential to focus on improving internet access, strengthening students’ self-learning abilities, and simultaneously enhancing teachers’ competencies in using digital tools and facilitating remote teaching.

Academic adaptation of international students in the chinese higher education environment: A case study with mixed methods

Although the number of international students (ISs) studying in Chinese higher education institutions is growing, their academic adaptation experiences remain under-investigated. This study employed a case study with a convergent design to understand how ISs experienced academic adaptation. It was found that ISs’ academic adaptation is related to a series of individual (motivation, language proficiency, acculturation strategies) and sociocultural (support resources, intercultural training) factors as well as the interplay of the factors over time. At the group level, academic adaptation was positively associated with motivation, bilingual proficiency (Mandarin and English), the integration strategy, perceived support from Chinese teachers, and intercultural training, and negatively related to the marginalization strategy. Further qualitative findings through reflective journals explained how ISs’ motivational adjustments, their improvement in Mandarin and English proficiency, the adoption of integration in different situations, and the use of heterogeneous functions of intercultural training and support resources contributed to individual ISs’ academic journey in China. Informed by these empirical findings, this study offers implications for the support and training of ISs.

Toxicity by Game Design: How Players Perceive the Influence of Game Design on Toxicity

Toxicity in online games refers to behaviors where players disrupt the gaming experience of others, leading to adverse outcomes such as depression and low self-esteem. Although scholars have identified various factors contributing to toxicity, ranging from individual motivations to team dynamics to cultural backgrounds, the role of game design has been less frequently discussed. To bridge this gap, we conducted an interview study to explore players' perceptions of how game design influences toxicity. Our research identified four game design elements that participants perceived as contributing factors to the emergency of toxicity in their experiences: team interdependency, fairness, interaction design, and privacy. These findings help us shed light on how game design unintendedly triggers toxic intentions, exposes players to vulnerability, making them potential victims, and affects player interactions which lead to toxicity. We further propose design implications that can mitigate toxicity in online games.

Exploring the Lived Experiences of Members of a Faculty Research Hub Design Team in a College of Education at an HSI

ABSTRACT Researchers used a transcendental phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of faculty members in a Faculty Research Hub design team at a Hispanic-Serving Institution. Through data analysis, several themes emerged: (1) Support and leadership, (2) Commitment to improvement, (3) Individual motivation, (4) Structure and collaborative nature of the team, (5) Small team size with diverse expertise, and (6) Faculty learning and development. These themes align with the input, process, or outcome stages of Binkhorst et al.’s (2015) integrative descriptive framework for Teacher Design Teams (TDTs). The study suggests that Hispanic-Serving Institutions aspiring to become R1 institutions should consider implementing and evaluating Faculty Design Teams (FDTs) to enhance faculty research productivity and doctoral student success.

Motivation Profiles, Perceived Motivational Climate, Coping Perceptions and Anxiety Among Elite Young Ice Hockey Players

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sports motivation and several sports psychological variables (Perceived Motivational Climate, Coping Perceptions and Anxiety). The data were collected from Hungarian ice hockey players (n = 293) playing in the Hungarian hockey academy system, using the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) and the Athletic Coping Skill Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) of Smith et al. (1995) and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) of Martens et al. (1990). The analysis revealed four significantly different individual sports motivation profiles, and these differed significantly in terms of athletes’ anxiety, coping, and perceived motivational climate. In addition, the research highlighted the importance of diagnosing and addressing amotivation to improve overall sports performance, self-confidence, and coping skills when facing adversity. Limitations and further research directions are also considered.

A Research on the Mediating Role of Gastronomic Elements in Travel Motivation

The main purpose of the research is to determine the mediating role of gastronomic elements that are effective in the travel motivation of individuals. In line with the literature review, a questionnaire based on the survey model was prepared in order to determine individuals' travel motivation, gastronomic elements that are effective in destination visit and individuals' thoughts about their anxiety or fear of new tastes and flavors (neophobia). With the help of the questionnaire prepared in accordance with its purpose, the necessary data for the research were obtained from 391 participants by using the convenience sampling method. According to the findings, both travel motivation and thoughts about gastronomic elements differ according to the demographic characteristics of individuals. It has also been determined that there is a significant relationship between travel motivation and gastronomic elements. Within the scope of the research, the effect of neophobia on travel motivation was also investigated.

The effect of exercise motivation on college students' self-efficacy: the mediating roles of leisure satisfaction and mental toughness.

The theory of motivation suggests that individual motivation is moderately stimulated to drive individuals to engage in the behaviors for which they are motivated. It is therefore that the moderate stimulation of exercise motivation will likely lead to the enhancement of college students' participation in exercise. Investigate the effect of exercise motivation on college students' self-efficacy, reveal the mediating role of leisure satisfaction and mental toughness, and provide empirical evidence improving college students' self-efficacy through exercise motivation. A stratified whole-sample approach was employed to survey 715 college students, based on a correlation table with good reliability and validity. Scale items were designed to collect subjects' exercise motivation, self-efficacy, leisure satisfaction, and mental toughness in the study context. Mediation effect analyses were carried out using SPSS and AMOS. A significant positive effect of exercise motivation on self-efficacy (β = 0.18, p < 0.001), leisure satisfaction (β = 0.50, p < 0.001), and mental toughness (β = 0.45, p < 0.001). Leisure satisfaction and mental toughness had a significant positive effect on self-efficacy (β = 0.40, p < 0.001; β = 0.30, p < 0.001). Furthermore, leisure satisfaction and mental toughness significantly mediated in exercise motivation and self-efficacy. In conclusion, our findings further explored the effects of exercise motivation on college students' self-efficacy and revealed the mediating roles of leisure satisfaction and mental toughness.

Latent classes of learners in people with type 2 diabetes, stratified by educational status: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveResearch suggests that people with type 2 diabetes (PWT2D) exhibit different approaches to learning about disease-management. This study’s aims to identify distinct learner groups among PWT2D and stratify them by educational status (ES). MethodsCross-sectional data from 227 PWT2D, collected through 46 Likert-scale questions on learning behaviors, preferences, and attitudes, were analyzed using latent class analysis, to identify learner groups. Participants were recruited via healthcare practices in central Germany and a countrywide online survey. Group membership was displayed according to low, medium, and high ES, defined by years of schooling. ResultsFour learner groups were identified: casual, versatile, insecure, and theorist learners. Insecure learners accounted for almost half of all respondents in the low ES group (46 %), casual learners were most prevalent among PWT2D with a medium (27 %), versatile (34 %) and theorist (29 %) learners among those with a high ES. ConclusionThis study sheds light on learner groups among PWT2D, which differ by ES, suggesting social disparities in diabetes care. Further research is needed to validate these findings. Practice ImplicationsUnderstanding individual learning preferences and motivations is crucial for developing effective diabetes self-management trainings, which may involve providing additional background material for theorists and practical applications for insecure learners.

Digital academic platforms: Case studies of CEE (Hungary and Slovakia)

Present study evaluates the prevalence and academic usage of digital academic platforms exemplified by private universities across Hungary and Slovakia, assessing how these platforms are integrated into academic practices and highlighting certain variations in technological adoption within the CEE region. After the setting up of the relevant typology and by utilizing a dual-methodological approach, the regional e-visibility of the leadership of certain faculties is examined, while specific user motivations are also explored in a narrower sense through domestic questionnaire-based studies within Hungary. Firstly, by analyzing the use of certain i) academic social netowrking sites (hereinafter ASNSs); ii) author profiles linked to publishers; and databases without social functions at private universities and juxtaposing these with the experiences of Slovak institutions, the research highlights how these platforms are utilized to enhance research visibility and academic networking. Secondly, findings are meant to indicate that while DAPs are widely valued for facilitating scholarly communication in Hungary, localized academic cultures and individual motivations significantly shape their application.

Psychological traits of extreme sport participants: a scoping review.

Extreme sports have increased in popularity, particularly over the past two decades. Theories explaining participation in extreme sports tend to focus on risk. Consequently, extreme sports participants are often characterized by an accentuated desire for risk and abnormal personal traits, but the positive aspects of extreme sports are often neglected in the literature. This scoping review summarizes extreme sport motives, emotions and personal characteristics. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist, three databases were searched (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus and, PsycInfo) on 20th April 2023. Studies were included if they were originally articles written in English and examined psychology traits in extreme sport participants. In total, 39 manuscripts met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in the present review. There is no unique profile for individuals involved in extreme sports. Risk and fear are considered natural characteristic of participation, and many positive aspects are associated with involvement in extreme sports (e.g., organization, planning, confidence). The quality of experience is often reported to justify extreme sport participation. Changes in emotions and motives characterized the reversal theory, which in combination with the flow approach, could explain the participation in extreme activities. A dynamic ecological approach considering the interaction between individuals and the environment should be adopted to understand individual motives, behaviour and emotions.