Mother Archetype Research Articles

Loving and Terrible Mother: An Archetypal Redefinition of African Motherhood in Beloved

The memories of past experiences have an unconscious influence on the present. In her novel Beloved, Toni Morrison vividly portrays the atrocities of slavery, shedding light on the enduring psychic wounds inflicted upon subjugated Black women and their motherhood. This study explores the embedded memories, trauma, and dehumanization that control and distort the ability of Black individuals to respond to the human experiences of maternal bonds. While existing literature has extensively explored motherhood, a gap remains in understanding the archetypal development within the fragmented psyche of tormented mothers. Drawing from Carl Jung and Eric Neumann’s collective unconscious and mother archetype concept, this interdisciplinary research aims to identify and examine the dual nature of motherhood – the loving and the terrible. By analyzing the reasons behind this duality, we seek to redefine motherhood, considering the exhibition of two contradictory natures among oppressed mothers.

The Mother Complex in Dambudzo Marechera’s Life and Works

Abstract Dambudzo Marechera, an iconic figure in Zimbabwean literature, is often celebrated for his avant-garde and confrontational literary style. His works, which reflect a tumultuous life marked by personal and political strife, also reveal a complex relationship with women. His upbringing in the slums of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) exposed him to poverty, violence, and racial tensions. Marechera’s mother, Masvotwa Venezia Marechera, was a maid, and he often depicted her in the context of Rhodesian violence and prostitution. His strained relationship with his family, especially his mother, is apparent in his works and biographical information on him. His relationship with his mother seems to have contributed to his ambivalent portrayal and understanding of women. This fraught connection with his mother hints at a mother complex, a psychological concept which describes a son’s emotional attachment and conflict with his mother. This study delves into the ‘Mother Complex’ as a recurring motif in Marechera’s narratives, examining how it shapes his life, characters, and themes. Drawing from Marechera’s own experiences and his relationship as reflected in his writings and Wild-Veit’s memoir, They Called You Dambudzo, this analysis explores the psychological and symbolic dimensions of the mother archetype as reflected in his literature and life. The discussion highlights how Marechera’s portrayal of motherhood—ranging from nurturing to oppressive—mirrors his ambivalent attitude towards maternal authority and the traditional roles assigned to women in society. Marechera conceives female characters as more than mere muses; they represent different facets of femininity and cultural identity. They evoke vulnerability and agency. The discussion considers the broader socio-cultural context of post-colonial Zimbabwe, where the mother figure often embodies the nation’s collective history and trauma. Marechera’s complex representation of motherhood and women serves as a critique of oppressive structures and a quest for agency amidst cultural dislocation.

INTERGENERATIONAL DIALOGUE IN THE NOVEL “BONJOUR TRISTESSE” BY FRANҪOISE SAGAN

The article aims to study the poetic means of reproducing models of intergenerational dialogue in the parameters of “conflict/solidarity”. The material of the study is the novel “Bonjour tristesse” (“Hello Sadness”) by Françoise Sagan, which demonstrates models of intergenerational relations within and around one family. The objective of the research is to study the existential model of “friend or foe” in intergenerational relations, the peculiarities of generational identification and self-identification, to clarify the mythopoetic interpretation of the archetype of Mother, Eros and Thanatos, and the gender focus of intergenerational relations. The study uses the methodology of literary gerontology, existential interpretation of a literary text, mythocriticism, psychoanalysis, sociological and psychoanalytic works related to age anthropology. Historical, cultural, comparative historical and typological methods are used to study the embodiment of age-related aspects, as well as to establish thematic, figurative, and compositional features of the functioning of intergenerational dialogue in a literary text. The result of the study shows that the intergenerational dialogue in the novel takes place within the framework of the models of “solidarity” and “conflict”. The figurative and motivational complex “solidarity” is characteristic of Cécile and Raymond’s relationship with elements of the idealisation of the father. The model of “solidarity” with elements of manipulation prevails in the relationships of Cécile-Elsa and Cécile-Cyril. During the story, these relationships do not have a deep emotional connection. The “conflict” model is expressed in the Cécile-Anne interaction. Anne makes the mistake of taking her role as a mother to Cécile to heart. Thus, she breaks the established ties in the family, trying to impose “foe” roles on the father and daughter, and on the other hand, she attempts to try on the sacred image of a mother, which leads to Anne’s death. The novel presents an artistic interpretation of the Mother archetype in several projections. First of all, in the variation “patronage as a maternal function”, the Mother archetype is characteristic of Anne. However, if Anne’s patronage as a “foe” is acceptable to Cécile, she does not plan to see her as her father’s wife, or her mother (stepmother). The Cécile-Anne conflict can also be seen in the mythological tradition of the stepmother-stepdaughter. Another variation of the Mother archetype, the “sacrificing mother”, is characteristic of Cyril’s mother, but Cécile negatively perceives the type of “woman in the family kinkeeper role”. The mythopoetics of the conflictual parallel of Eros and Thanatos in the novel is closely related to the motif of the intergenerational relationship between Raymond and Elsa. Here, the connection between an older man and a young lover is a necessary confirmation of a man’s physical and emotional state. The line of mutual love between 40-year-old Anne and Raymond provides an example of harmonious ageing. However, the destructive conflict between Cécile and Anne becomes a modulated energy aimed at eliminating the threat (Anne). In this way, the author’s intention reveals the ontological problem of playing with death, the unconscious realisation of the primordial instinct of destructiveness. The motif of Thanatos is immanently present in the novel because of the death of Cécile’s mother. The relationship between Raymond and Anne causes Cécile’s rejection and ends in Anne’s suicide. Anne’s attempt to take her mother’s sacred place ends in death.

PSYCHOANALYTIC DIMENSIONS OF IVAN FRANKO’S GREAT PROSE OF 1887–1893

In the article, elements of mythopoetics in Ivan Franko’s great prose of 1887–1893 are explored using the methodology of psychoanalysis. The writer’s projection of prototypes (in Jungian terms) anticipated the discoveries of psychoanalysts in the artistic text, and its precondition was Ivan Franko’s personal interest in the issue of the artist’s unconscious mental activity, as evidenced by his work “Secrets of Poetic Creativity”. The psychoanalytic vector of Franko’s works has been studied to a greater or lesser extent by scholars such as K. Dron, B. Tykholoz, Van Xiaoyui, T. Hundorova, N. Zborovska, R. Pikhmanets, and others. However, as of today, there is essentially no separate study of certain archetypal images and mythologems, like the Great Mother or the twin myth, in the artistic world of Ivan Franko, which is why the novelty and relevance of this article are justified. Despite the fact that the psychoanalytic and mythopoetic aspects of Ivan Franko’s prose have been thoroughly investigated, there remains an obvious interconnection of these aspects on the periphery of scholars’ interests, which, in our opinion, is worthwhile to consider as a poetological synthesis, constituting one of the most interesting characteristics of the writer’s artistic method. It is precisely in this that we see the novelty of the presented research. The purpose of the research is to study the psychoanalytic discourse in the great prose works of Ivan Franko from 1887 to 1993, including various aspects of the twin myth and the archetype of the Great Mother. The following tasks arise from the objective: To analyze the key vectors of the twin myth in the novel “Lel and Polel”; characterize the ambivalent manifestations of the Great Mother archetype in the image of the main heroine in the novel “For the Home Hearth”; identify transformations of Freudian ideas in the artistic structure of the novel “Foundations of Society”, considering their animistic component. The implementation of the set tasks necessitated the use of such methods as receptive-interpretative, psychoanalytic, mythopoetic, hermeneutic, and biographical. The study analyzes the psychoanalytic discourse in Ivan Franko’s great prose from 1887 to 1993, focusing on the diverse aspects of the twin myth and the archetype of the Great Mother. This takes into account the peculiarities of the development of early Ukrainian modernism with its characteristic mythologization of reality, stylistic experiments, and more. In the novel “Lel and Polel”, the dominant theme is the twin myth, through which the principle of the parity and duality of the world is realized. Love for one woman led to the decay, violating the maternal directive to “stick together”. The romantic rivalry between the twins over love for the same woman resulted in the violation of maternal directives, intense psychological experiences, and led to withdrawal from social activities and rejection of the role of enlightener. The novel “For the Home Hearth” is characterized by ambivalent manifestations of the archetype of the Great Mother. The image of the main heroine varies from the Lady of the Heart, Woman-Protectress, to the Terrifying Mother as the “instrument of temptation and vessel of sin”. Antos feels the influence of Anela’s animistic force, thus referring to his wife as “alternately an angel and a demon”. To enhance the sense of fear and the fatal ending, the author introduces the image of a widow carrying the imprint of “mortal anxiety”. The psychoanalytic discourse in Ivan Franko’s novel “Foundations of Society” correlates more with Freudian ideas. The article analyzes the imitation in the exposition of the person’s experiences during a psychoanalytic session with all its characteristic manifestations (“feeling of cold anxiety”, erotic dream, the effect of the film of dreams, a terrifying conversation with a man-“devil”, etc.), as well as hints at the son’s infantilism conditioned by the influence of the mother. It is noted that in the relationship between Olympia and Adas, the animistic component of the archetypal semantics of the Great Mother is manifested: a sense of powerlessness before the mother, admiration for her strong character, leading to a readiness to follow her instructions unquestionably. In his great prose, 1887–1893, the writer emerges as a true psychoanalyst, an expert on the unconscious factors of human mental activity. It seems that Ivan Franko, in modelling the inner world of his characters, to some extent, anticipates the discoveries of psychoanalysts in artistic texts. The modernist reevaluation of mythological and archetypal images, which often lose their integrity, embodying the disharmony between the world and the individual, attests to a new level of poetological synthesis, reflecting one of the most interesting features of the writer’s artistic method.

The Devouring Mother in Gillian Flynn’s Sharp Objects

While the mother archetype traditionally symbolizes nurturing, care, and unconditional love, its negative aspect, the devouring mother, embodies traits of control, manipulation, and suffocation. Drawing on Jung's theories, and his concept of the collective unconscious and symbolic archetypes, particularly the mother archetype, through close textual analysis and theoretical insights, this paper explores the dual nature of the mother archetype and its psychological implications in Gillian Flynn's novel "Sharp Objects, 2006". The paper analyzes the character of Adora Crellin as an embodiment of the devouring mother archetype. Through Adora's behaviors of possessiveness and emotional abuse towards her daughters, Camille, Marian, and Amma. The paper illustrates the detrimental effects of a suffocating maternal influence on individual autonomy and psychological well-being shedding light on themes of dual maternal influence, traumas, and complex mother-daughter relationship. Through this psychological approach, the paper aims to contribute to the broader discourse on maternal psychology and its impact on human development.

Mother Pampa in Salman Rushdie’s Victory City

Erich Neumann's The Great Mother: An Analysis of the Archetype provides a profound and comprehensive analysis of the mother archetype, delving into its deep-rooted significance in the human psyche. Neumann explores how this universal representation of motherhood represents not only life, nourishment, and protection but also encompasses broader themes of creation, sustenance, and empowerment. By examining its manifestations across diverse cultures, myths, and religions, he uncovers the far-reaching impact of this archetype on both individual and collective consciousness. Neumann's analysis of the mother archetype particularly emphasises the mother’s role in shaping human experiences, relationships, and cultural narratives. The writer examines Salman Rushdie’s novel Victory City based on these aspects of matriarchy leading to the complex interplay between the personal and collective unconscious, highlighting how the mother archetype influences understandings of femininity, masculinity, and the dynamics of power.

An Archetypal Analysis of the Queen Mother of the West in Chinese Mythology

Amongst all the goddesses in ancient China, the Queen Mother of the West (Xiwangmu) represents the most multi-layered mother archetype with the richest connotations. Through a longitudinal literature review, this paper aims to explore different facets of the Queen Mother of the West as a representation of the Great Mother archetype in Jungian psychology. In ancient China, she was a supreme goddess controlling the order of the universe. Her residence, Mount Kunlun, is capable of nourishing and devouring life. She possesses the elixir of life and controls the punishments of the world. Thus, the Queen Mother of the West is transformed into a deity of both life and death. In the funeral rituals of the Han and Tang dynasties, she was a goddess who summoned the dead and led their spirits to heaven, while in folklore she was a mythical Muse for many emperors and the anima of many intellectuals. She is the mother of reincarnation and the eternal spirit. As a symbol for instinct, archetype and femininity in the collective unconscious, the Queen Mother of the West embodies both the positive and negative aspects of the mother archetype: the positive being the persona of the Great Mother and the negative being the shadow. At the ultimate stage of spiritual development, she acts as the anima and the transcendent Holy Virgin in ancient Chinese culture.

그림자 투사와 부정적인 어머니-콤플렉스

This study aims to read the psyche of the male character Clegg in John Fowles' novel The Collector, focusing on the phenomena of 'collection' and 'desire' through Carl Gustav Jung's analytical psychology. Clegg's distorted love aligns with Jung's 'shadow,' the dark unconscious content. The butterfly, symbolizing the 'soul' in Greek, according to Jung, represents the ideal feminine 'anima' in Clegg's unconscious, directed at Miranda. Yet, Clegg's love hides behind the 'persona' mask. His compulsive collection and possessiveness fail to accept his dark side and project its shadow. Unveiling the mask of 'persona', love turns into repulsion, projecting the repressed negative mother archetype in Clegg's unconscious. The negative mother archetype connects to Erich Neumann's 'terrible mother archetype,' symbolizing the womb akin to a grave. Trapped in the negative mother-complex, Clegg regresses into selfrationalization and fails to integrate his shadow.

The mother archetype in the drama The Sanctuary of Abraham by Mavro Vetranović

The mother archetype in the drama The Sanctuary of Abraham by Mavro Vetranović

The Symbols of the Great Mother Archetype in the Aşık Veysel Poems

Bu çalışmada, Âşık Veysel şiirlerinde bulunan ulu ana arketipinin sembolleri, analitik psikoloji kuramının esaslarıyla incelenmiştir. Carl Gustav Jung tarafından geliştirilen analitik psikoloji kuramına göre psişeyi şekillendiren temel unsurların başında anne gelmektedir ancak analitik psikolojide anne, yalnızca bireysel anne ile sınırlı bir kavram değildir; aynı zamanda kolektif bilinç dışının örtük ve kadim sembollerinden de biridir. Bu incelemede Âşık Veysel’in şiirlerinde bireysel anneden ulu ana arketipine kadar “anne” ve “annelik” kavramları ve imgelerinin neler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İlk olarak şiirlerden hareketle Âşık Veysel’in annesi Gülizar Hanım’ın “sevme, avutma, büyütme, koruma, okutma, vatan- millet sevgisi aşılama” gibi olumlu tutumları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu sayede Âşık Veysel’in insancıl, ahlaklı ve vatansever özelliklerinin gelişmesinde, annesinin oldukça önemli bir rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir. Akabinde incelemenin merkezinde yer alan ulu ana arketipinin evrensel sembolleri ile farklı kültür coğrafyalarındaki karşılıklarından bahsedilmiştir ve Âşık Veysel şiirlerinde ulu ana arketipinin “su, toprak, ağaç” olmak üzere üç belirgin sembolü olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Shakespeare’in Macbeth Eserinde Kutsal Kurban; Paredros

Shakespeare’s works especially his tragedies can be read as a ritual. The archetypical unconscious overtly present in Shakespearean tragedies offers a rich source of ancient solstice cults and ritual symbols. Shakespeare's emphasis on the contradiction of surrogates, the Great Mother archetype, witches and the Paredros shows that art and ritual forms are combined within the ritual chronotope in Shakespeare’s works. The tragedy of Macbeth constitutes textual evidence in terms of the tragic hero’s quest from a usurper king to a sacred scapegoat. In accordance with the recent studies on psychoanalytical approach to Shakespeare’s characters, Macbeth’s infantilization and his encounter with his anima will guide us to understand the femininity principle in the play as the return of the suppressed Terrible Mother. In this paper, Macbeth’s transfiguration from a tragic hero to an oedipal Paredros will be examined in detail with the ancient origins of the terms.

The Mother Archetype in Turkish Myth Conception: Traditional Practices Reflected to the Present Day

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Türk miti tasavvurunda anne arketipleri ve günümüze yansıyan geleneksel uygulamaların irdelenmesi amaçlamıştır.
 Yöntem: Monografi türündeki çalışma literatür taraması şeklinde gerçekleştirildi. Çevirim içi literatüre ulaşmak amacıyla PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Google Akademik, ULAKBİM ve Science Citation Index veri tabanlarında Şubat 2023’e kadar, “Anne”, “Arketip”,“Mit”, “Lilith”, “Umay”, “Albastı”, “Geleneksel Uygulamalar” ,“Doğum”, “Lohusalık” anahtar kelimeleri ile tarandı, elde edilen makaleler genel hatları ile irdelendi. 
 Bulgular: Yapılan değerlendirmeye göre Türk mit tasavvurundaki anne arketipinin olumlu ve olumsuz özelliklerinin bir arada kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Anne arketipi Umay, Od Ene, Ak kızlar, Maygıl, Yer-sub, Ak Ene ve Ana tezahürleri ile bakıp, büyüten, koruyan, şefkat gösteren, ilham veren olumlu özelliklerinin yanında Alkarısı, Yalmavuz, Kara kızlar, Kocakarı ve Cadı tezahürleri ise korkutan, yutan, yakan ve öldüren olumsuz özellikleri ile birlikte yer almaktadır. Olumlu anne arketipinin başlıca özelliği besleme ve koruma üzerinedir. Umay ana bu özellikler ile ilişkillidir. Anne arketipinde bir kadının, anne olması için doğurması gerekmez. Zaten temel anlamda besleme ve koruma misyonu doğrultusunda bir kadın bir çocuğu sahiplenmiş, bakıp beslemişse anne olarak kabul edilir. 
 Sonuç: Tek tanrılı semavi dinler öncesi Türk mitlerinde Umay ve Albastı kültü günümüz uygulamalarını şekillendirmektedir.

An Examination of Vyacheslav Ivanov's Work 'Infancy' in the Context of Carl Gustav Jung's Mother Archetype

Rus sembolizminin kuramcılarından ve genç kuşak temsilcilerinden, düşünür ve şair Vyaçeslav İvanoviç İvanov (1866-1949) Bebeklik (Младенчество) adlı poemasını 1913-1918 yılları arasında kaleme alır. Şair, yaşamının ilk beş yılına ışık tutan bu otobiyografik eserinde çocukluğundaki ilk izlenimlerini ve anılarını açığa vurur. Kapalı anlatım, yüksek ve süslü bir üslup kullanılan ve Onegin kıtası (Онегинская строфа) ile yazılan bu eserin merkezinde şairin çok sevdiği annesi Aleksandra Dmitriyevna Preobrajenskaya yer alır. Bu çalışmada, bahsi geçen eserde yer alan anne imgesinin İsviçreli psikiyatrist Carl Gustav Jung’un geliştirdiği ve kolektif bilinçdışının bir yansıması olarak varsaydığı anne arketipi çerçevesinde ele alınması amaçlanır. Bu bağlamda, ilkin incelemeye zemin hazırlamak üzere Jung’un arketip ve anne arketipi kuramlarının detaylı bir şekilde açımlanması hedeflenir. İnceleme betimleyici ve biyografik metotla gerçekleştirilir. İvanov’un şiir sanatının ayrıntılı incelenmesi hususunda, şairin hayatına ve kariyerine yön veren annesiyle kurduğu ilişkinin detaylıca araştırılması önem arz eder. Sonuç olarak, İvanov’un şiir sanatının ve dinî-ahlaki görüşlerinin doğumundan itibaren annesinin etkisiyle biçimlendiği görülür. Şairin annesiyle özdeşleştirdiği Meryem Ana ve gül arketipleri, İvanov’un annesini kutsal bir varlık olarak varsaydığını açığa vurur.

Elizabeth de Burgh as Great Mother Archetype, Queen Archetype and Freedom Archetype in Nigel Tranter's "The Bruce Trilogy"

Elizabeth de Burgh as Great Mother Archetype, Queen Archetype and Freedom Archetype in Nigel Tranter's "The Bruce Trilogy"

The Medial and the Mother: A Complex Relationship between Archetypes

Toni Wolff posited her theory of the “Structural Forms of the Feminine Psyche” in the mid-20th century. In this work she named four feminine archetypes: mother, hetaira, amazon, and medial. While there are interrelationships between each archetype, here I explore only the medial archetype as it relates to the mother archetype. The process of discovery involved deep, lengthy interviews with medial women. The feminine medial archetype is the least recognized in contemporary Western culture, and there are few roles in which a medial woman may express the power of this archetype. In fact, most medial women have never heard this term used to describe them. Many medial women consciously or unconsciously hide their true nature underground or move to the edges of society to protect this innate quality. Others occupy roles that don’t fit who they truly are, in which case the woman experiences an internal restlessness, tension, or despair. In my studies of the medial archetype, I interviewed many medial women on different aspects of their experience. All indicated they had an uneasy or complicated relationship with the mother archetype and also with the mother role. I shall explore some of what this has been for them, as well as why it may be so common. Finally, I invite a glimpse into the courtroom at the trial of the man who raped my daughter as an illustration of how my own mother and medial energies interacted.

The mother archetype in the poetry of Grigore Vieru

Grigore Vieru created a poem about children and childhood, and in the middle of it arranged a mother’s image. Marked with the irrepressible wish to his mother, even being an adult, he was looking avidly for returning to the lost paradise of childhood. By intermedium of the poems for children about the mother and the entire environment, Vieru helped the little reader to discover the sense of the Universe. The living beings guided the children through harmony and continual rejoice. The poet was looking for discovering some primary needs of an infantile being, identifying them with the child itself. The theme about the mother after Vieru consists of worship of traditions, the religion of sincerity, and the personal myth.

The Alchemy of Cooking

This essay recounts the author’s experience of growing up in a traditional Pakistani home, centered around a patriarchal culture in which men are the protectors and providers of the home and women are the caretakers. The reader is taken on a journey in which the writer moves to the United States, undergoes a drastic individuation process, and finds herself in a relationship with someone who embodies the shadow elements of the Dark Mother archetype. This relationship is crippling in many respects, and yet the writer triumphs by learning how to cook for herself—the alchemy of this act ultimately helps heal and nurture her soul as she finds her way back to Self.

Women in the Works of Ghassan Kanafani: A Comparative Reading of Two Novels

This article surveys Ghassan Kanafani’s fictions, arguing that his literature of resistance features militant men or ordinary men coping with the consequences of dislocation. Hence, the presence of women is mainly subordinate. Then the article investigates the ambivalent presence of women in two novellas diverging from Kanafani’s mainstream texts which marginalize women, offering instead prevailing female figures: All That’s Left to You (1966) and Umm Saad (1969). In the former, Maryam loses her honor, getting pregnant out of wedlock just as her people lose Jaffa; the fallen woman allegorically becomes the lost nation, and thus assumes negative attributes of the mother archetype. In the latter, this ancillary presence changes as the titular heroine enacts resistance and attachment to the land. Umm Saad assumes the positive attributes of the mother archetype, figuratively becoming the fertile land to be regained. Using a relevant framework on resistance literature and archetypal criticism on the feminine, this article shows the close association between women and the Palestinian land (the positive ideals of liberty and fertility as well as the negative meanings of loss/disgrace). Such ambivalence can be understood in a range of positive and negative aspects of the mother archetype. Appealing to recurring patterns and primordial aspects of the human psyche, Kanafani asserts the universalism of his committed fiction, the right to regain the land as a basic human need, and the richness of the mother archetype to the collective unconscious of a nation. Hence, this article problematizes traditional gender roles in Kanafani’s fiction.

DEWI SRI SEBAGAI FIGUR IBU MITOLOGIS: TINJAUAN NARASI DAN VISUAL FOLKLOR JAWA TIMUR

Dewi Sri is a character in Javanese mythology. This goddess is close to the Javanese community, especially the farming community. Dewi Sri as the goddess of rice is widely written in ancient literature as well as in oral literature (folklore). In practice, Dewi Sri is often mentioned in traditional rituals and beliefs of the Javanese people. The cult of Dewi Sri is proof of the existence of a deity in the form of mother in the belief system of patriarchal Javanese society. The research on Dewi Sri as a mythological mother figure is important as a source of creating works of art or digital literature based on local wisdom. So, the focuses of this research is to find the character of Dewi Sri based on narratives and visual review and to analyse Dewi Sri as a mythological mother. This is a qualitative research with a social representation approach. The data is in the form of text or verbal speech. Sources of data are the people of East Java. Data collected by interview and literature study. The result shows that Dewi Sri has a feminine character as the positive mother archetype in Jung's concept. Visually, Dewi Sri is depicted with feminine symbols of adult women, which is visually different from the ancient art works. Meanwhile, the divine figure of Dewi Sri that found was a mythological mother and spiritual figure with a feminine opposition as "Mother Goddess". Javanese belief that Dewi Sri gives bless with fertility. The conclusion is that figure of Dewi Sri can be used as a source of creating art and literature based on local wisdom.

THE ARCHETYPE OF THE GUARDIAN MOTHER OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN TATAR PROSE

The archetype of the mother reflects the mythical ideas coming from antiquity, the conditions of social life, the philosophy and worldview of the nation. This article examines the cases of the embodiment of the mother archetype in Tatar prose as an image preserving national identity and self-identification, and for this purpose separate works of prose are considered, starting from ancient literature and up to the modern era. In Tatar-Muslim literature, a special respect for the mother has ancient roots. The awakening of national consciousness at the beginning of the 20th century increased attention to the image of the mother in Tatar realistic prose. The author of the article refers to G. Iskhaki's story «Ostazbike», G. Ibragimov's novel «Young Hearts» and shows that in pre-revolutionary literature, the integrity of the spirit and faith were placed above physical existence in the works of writers. The October Revolution destroyed the way of life of the national family: there were changes in the image of the mother woman in literature. The mother began to be portrayed not as the keeper of family values passed down from generation to generation, but as a participant in the construction of a new society, leading social activities. Having studied the works of A. Eniki «The Unspoken Testament», A. Bayanov «The Tale of the Highlands», Z. Hakim «The Song of the Mother» in the article, the author comes to the following conclusion: the archetype of the mother in most cases appears in close connection with national issues and is often used as the most important image for preserving the essence of the nation. From the image of a particular person, a woman, it grows to a national symbol. And in the relationship between mother and son, especially in the motive of the son's search for his mother and in the motive of the meeting, the search and finding of the meaning of life by a person is reflected. Consequently, the elevation of the mother's image to the status of an archetype by Tatar writers is done to strengthen national self-awareness.