Moscow Automobile Research Articles

Evacuation of Moscow Automobile Plant named after Stalin during Great Patriotic War: from Projects to Implementation

This study examines the process of evacuating Soviet automotive industry enterprises during the Great Patriotic War using the example of the Moscow Automobile Plant named after I. V. Stalin. The relevance of the research is justified by the necessity to reconstruct the activities of the highest bodies of party-state management during the industrial evacuation. Archive documents of the Evacuation Council under the People’s Commissariat of the USSR were analyzed. The Council operated from June to December 1941 as a commission under the Soviet government and was responsible for evacuating enterprises and institutions. The sources of the study were documents of the State Defense Committee of the USSR, the highest body of party-state power in the country during the Great Patriotic War. Correspondence between the plant management and various institutions and departments, as well as evacuation reports, were used as research materials. The existing evacuation options for of the Moscow Automobile Plant named after I. V. Stalin, discussions among Soviet agencies on the location of the plant in rear areas of the country were examined. Based on statistical summaries and reports, the intensity of the evacuation process and its outcomes were studied. It is concluded that the evacuation of the Moscow Automobile Plant named after I. V. Stalin contributed to preserving the country’s industrial potential and had a long-term positive impact on the development of the Soviet automotive industry.

The Technical University Teacher: What Do Students Value?

At present, according to Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly our country has set the task of reforming higher education based on the synthesis of the best practices of the Soviet educational system and the experience of recent decades. This increases the responsibility of technical university teachers, whose competencies have been determined in recent years on the basis of different scientific approaches. In this regard, the problem of identifying the teachers’ qualities that are significant for students is becoming especially relevant.In order to solve the problem, the research of students’ essays obtained as a result of the International Essay Contest in English “My University Engineering Teacher I will Never Forget” was undertaken. The contest was organized by Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI) in 2021-22. The hypothesis of the research suggested that the personality traits of the technical university teacher are valued by students not lower than their professional competencies.In order to achieve the goal and verify the hypothesis, four tasks were set and solved during the research: the students’ opinions on the role of the teacher were revealed; the professional competencies of the teacher that are significant for students were determined; the personality traits of the teacher that are significant for students were determined; the significance of the teacher’s professional competencies and personality traits for students was compared. The research methodology provided for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the students’ essays including their content analysis.The paper describes the main results of the research, which confirmed the hypothesis, as well as their interpretation. The interpretation of the research results allowed us to draw general conclusions concerning reforming the modern system of engineering education. The main conclusion concerns the necessity of returning engineering education to the traditional for the Soviet higher school integration of education and upbringing and the significance of developing in the educational process not only the competencies relevant for employers, but also the personality of future specialists.

The academic library in the university’s single information space and business processes

By the third decade of the 21st century, digital technologies have been integrated in every sphere of our lives. During the recent years, the modern trends in society, economics, technologies have become related to digital transformation. However, the definition for this concept is lacking. The author insists that implementing information technologies into institutional business process is the most essential note of digital transformation. He includes scientometrical indicators of the terms “digitalization” and “digital transformation” in the Russian Science Citation Index, reviews in brief the positive and negative aspects of these processes, and specifies the stages of digital evolution in the academic library. The experience of Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI) in computerization, digitalization and digital transformation of information library processes, is examined, i.e. implementation of e-catalog and computerized lending through bar-coding technology, free open access fulltext electronic library, development of information system in bibliographic history and works by university scientists and researchers, employees’ personal accounts, and adaptive system of library–chair book supply system. The systems enable to engage the faculty authors in updating the library’s e-catalog and to get information on the curriculum book supply. The author introduces his innovative business processes of preparing learning materials and research papers. These processes have been partially introduced in MADI to increase the faculty’s publication activity, to improve the university’s scientometrical indicators, and finally, to comply with the requirements of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

Technical University Teacher Competences in Russia and Abroad

“Education 4.0” should be consistent with the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The reforms of engineering education as its component require new competences of technical university teachers who are responsible for these reforms and as a result, trigger the improvement of further teachers’ professional development programs to train them for that. Such a program is also one of the aims of the project “Effective training model of technical discipline lecturers for the purpose of obtaining “International Educator of Engineering University” certificate – “ING-PAED IGIP”. It is realized by Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI) that was recognized as a Federal Innovative Platform in 2020.The project is aimed at designing an additional program intended to develop technical university teachers’ competences that are, on the one hand, relevant to the needs of Russian higher school, and, on the other hand, correspond to the requirements for applying for the title «ING-PAED IGIP» of the International Society for Engineering Pedagogy (IGIP). In order to achieve that it is necessary to identify if technical university teachers’ competences that are relevant in Russia correspond the competences determined in IGIP.In order to solve this problem, the authors undertook comparative analysis of the competencies registered in two documents: RF Professional Standard “Pedagogue of professional teaching, professional education and additional professional education” and the Fourth IGIP Prototype Curriculum.The paper specifies the notion of technical university teacher competence for the research, validates the possibility of the two documents comparison, describes the procedure of comparative analysis on the basis of compiling summary tables.The paper also gives the main conclusions of the comparative analysis. It proves that RF Professional Standard covers all the competences required by Fourth IGIP Prototype Curriculum. RF Professional Standard registers teachers’ actions more distinctly, consistently, and with more details. The research revealed the competences relevant for Russian higher education, but not necessary for IGIP. The research also allowed to formulate preliminary recommendations for designing additional teachers’ professional development program in the MADI project.

Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant during Great Patriotic War: Problem of Personnel and Its Solution

The process of the labor collective formation of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant during the Great Patriotic War is studied. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a detailed study of the mechanisms of the automotive industry functioning in the extreme conditions of the Great Patriotic War. Documents on the history of the enterprise evacuation, materials of the primary party organization of the automobile plant, office work documentation of the party and state authorities, factory and departmental reports, and eye-witness accounts of the events were used as sources. The process of creating the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, constructed on the basis of the evacuated equipment and labor resources of the Moscow Automobile Plant named after I.V. Stalin (ZIS), is considered. Changes in the number and composition of the enterprise's employees during 1941—1945 are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the interdependence of the change in the number of employees of the plant on the volume of industrial output. It is concluded that thanks to the evacuation of experienced engineers, production managers and highly skilled workers, it was possible to maintain and recreate hightech production in the rear areas of the country. It was noted that the enterprises created during the evacuation laid the foundation for the development of automotive production in the Volga region and the Urals.

From Routine Work to Creative Initiative: How Do School and University Influence the Formation of Personal Qualities and Skills?

School and university, as two stages of continuous education, have a significant impact on forming a young person’s personality. When studying at school, young people cannot always appreciate the usefulness of their knowledge, skills, qualities, and applicability in further studies and life. The article presents the results of the sociological survey on the influence of school and higher education institutions on the development of students’ personal qualities and skills.The empirical base was the results of a study conducted among 1–3-year students of four Moscow universities: Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU), Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow Automobile and Road Construction Institute, and the State Academic University for the Humanities. Questionnaires and mini-interviews were used as research methods. The purpose of the study was to identify the specifics of the influence of school and university on the formation of students’ personal qualities and skills in the Moscow region.The survey showed that school had the most significant influence on forming the ability to communicate, perform routine work, and subject to the rules, and such qualities as discipline, stress resistance, adaptability, tolerance. While at university, students learn to take the initiative, set goals and realize them, defend their opinion and solve non-standard tasks, be independent and flexible.The survey participants would like the school to be more focused on developing students’ creative abilities and their own opinions; they lack practice and interaction in the classroom and an individual approach. Nevertheless, many qualities and skills developed at school helped them study at university.

Problems of studying the social role of transport in a sociology course

The article analyses the experience of the Department of Social Studies and Management at Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), aimed to introduce the issues relating to sociology of transport into the cycle of humanities and social sciences. The present paper was designed with regard for the modern needs considering the transition of the higher school to new educational technologies using the principles of trans disciplinarity and integrated learning. It has been proved that transport sociology issues enable the teacher to rise to a higher theoretical level in the analysis of social reality and to present this subject area in class in a way accessible to students. The areas where theoretical and practical aspects of transport development are combined, those arousing students’ keen interest, are highlighted. Such areas include: the changing time factor notion; people’s behavior relating to transport; functioning of transport in the context of the pandemic coronavirus infection, etc. The educational component of efficient transport policy, if properly presented, is viewed as well as an argument to prove the importance of integrating the issues pertaining to the social role of transport into such academic disciplines as sociology, public administration theory, business communication, time management, etc.

ZGFWNJ THE STATE OF THE EQUIPMENT RECYCLING SYSTEM IN RUSSIA AND ITS LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

The article presents the state of the equipment recycling system in Russia and the issues of improving its legislative framework. The role of state structures in solving the problems of creating a resource-saving, environmentally-oriented system for the disposal of decommissioned equipment is urgent. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to analyze the papers in the field of recycle management, to reflect the state of the legislative framework of the existing systems in Russia and abroad and to give the recommendations for its improvement. (Materials and methods) Problems with equipment recycling appear when they become unnecessary to their owners; they try to get rid of this object in the most accessible way. According to numerous information, the equipment disposal in Russia is mainly carried out by illegal reclaimers, which control more than 60 percent of the scrap of non-ferrous and ferrous metals. The creation of an effective system for the equipment recycling is becoming not only urgent, but a vital task for our state. (Results and discussion) The scientific community in Russia is constantly conducting research on the creation and implementation of the system for recycling of decommissioned equipment. Scientists of the Moscow Automobile and Road State Technical University have proposed a regional car recycling system, scientists of FNAC VIM have also developed a regional system for recycling machinery "Agricultural recycling". (Conclusions) In order to quickly solve the problem of adjustment of a general strategy for creating an effective recycling system in Russia, taking into account the revision of the legislative framework, it is advisable to “run-in” it at the industry level, for example, in the agro-industrial complex, with subsequent replication in other industries.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПЛАНА ПЕРЕВОЗОЧНОГО ПРОЦЕССА В УТРЕННИЙ ЧАС ПИК НА ЗАМКНУТОЙ БОЛЬШОЙ КОЛЬЦЕВОЙ ЛИНИИ МОСКОВСКОГО МЕТРОПОЛИТЕНА

The article analyzes the characteristics of the construction of the Bolshaya Koltsevaya line (Large Circle Line) of the Moscow Metro from the point of view of the transportation process planning. The authors have studied the characteristics of all operating depots of the Moscow Metro that justify the plans for the construction of two new depots (Aminievsky and Nizhegorodsky), as well as the reconstruction of one of the existing depots (Zamoskvoretsky), located within the city limits of Moscow – inside the Moscow Automobile Ring Road (MKAD), in the vicinity of the Third Transport Ring and beyond. For the needs of modeling, the station-to-station length of the closed Bolshaya Koltsevaya line was measured, subject to the transfer of a train traffi c section from the Delovoy Tsentr station to the Khoroshevskaya station of the projected Rublyovo-Arkhangelskaya metro line. Based on the measurement fi ndings, the station-to-station travel times along the closed Bolshaya Koltsevaya line were calculated, which subsequently made it possible to determine the number of electric rolling stock units required to service the Bolshaya Koltsevaya line in the morning rush hour

Preface

International Conference “Actual Issues of Mechanical Engineering-2021” was held at Admiral Ushakov Maritime State University (Novorossiysk, Russia) on 15-16 June, 2021. Because of the restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, it was decided to hold the conference online.The traditional 15-minute time limit on speeches was preserved. The attendance for virtual participants without the report and without the opportunity to participate in discussion with the voice was free of charge. However, all participants could take their part in the discussion via moderators.AIME 2021 became one of the largest virtual platforms in Russia, where prospects for autonomous transport were discussed. The conference was devoted to the most topical issues of mechanical engineering, namely the design and research of engines and the creation of autonomous transport and intelligent transport systems. Researchers from the leading Russian marine and automotive universities and scientific organizations took part in the conference: Admiral Ushakov Maritime State University (Novorossiysk), Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping (Saint-Petersburg), Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (Moscow), Central scientific research automobile and automotive engine institute “NAMI” (Moscow).List of Programme Committee, Organizational Committee are available in this pdf.

Experience of Using Online Technologies in Transport Education

The objective of this article is to identify pedagogical technologies traditionally used in full-time education, which found their place when educational formats changed in the era of digital transformation. The discussion concerns the project method, the case method, the analysis of the digital footprint, the use of game teaching methods, virtual laboratory work, various types of Internet testing, methods of collective search for a solution to the problem. The application of the considered methods in learning the Physics as a discipline at Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI) constituted the empirical basis of the study.The design method turned to be the most effective and developed one. Its application made it possible to organise participation of students of 1–2 years of study in educational and research work under the guidance of lecturers who are related to physics and the chosen fields of training at MADI. It is shown that as a result, students acquire the skills to search and select the necessary information, learn to complete project work on time, prepare presentations, write scientific texts both for presenting them as oral reports and as texts of scientific articles. Possibilities of using electronic registers are described, in which both attendance at classes and performance of tasks are recorded, and the time factor (indication on whether the work was completed on time or was late) is considered. The article studies the use of a point-rating system to control current assignments, and also provides description of developments by the teaching staff of the department on organisation of an oral exam and test in physics in an online format.

Preface

International Conference on Digital Solutions for Automotive Industry, Roadway Maintenance and Traffic Control (DS ART 2020) International Conference on Digital Solutions for Automotive Industry, Roadway Maintenance and Traffic Control was held virtually on 14–16 December 2020. Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Moscow, Russia organized DS ART 2020, with the promotional sponsorship of International Association for Automotive and Road Engineering Education (IAAREE).Due to the pandemic and travel restrictions, the event was held in the virtual format via Microsoft Teams conferencing tool. The access to the meetings was provided for all speakers and preregistered staff. The plenary session is shown on the picture below.The participants came together to discuss the topical issues of automobile and roadway complex, automotive production, maintenance and repair as well as the acute problem of traffic control. The questions of personnel training in the automotive industry were also raised. The need to move towards creating digital solutions in the industry was emphasized.All the papers submitted to DS ART 2020 were carefully reviewed and proofread by the editors to select the most valuable and significant ones. They cover the range of relevant research on the current state of the automotive industry and innovative ways to solve its problems.We express our gratitude to all the participants and the organizing committee for their contribution to preparing the DS ART 2020 proceedings.List of Images, Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee, are available in this pdf.

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double-blind peer review• Review criteria: Consistency with the conference scope; Academic value of the paper; Presentation style of the content. Each criterion was assessed with the following scale: Poor, Satisfactory, Good, Excellent. The majority rule was applied to determine the outcome of the review. If all the referees give different marks for a single position, that the intermediate mark used as a consensus. All the manuscripts with Good and Excellent marks on each position were accepted as is. The manuscripts with Poor marks on any position were declined. Other manuscripts were sent to the authors for revision. After revision, an editor performed a check if the revision was successful. If necessary, the editor could submit the updated manuscript to the reviewers to get their confirmation of revision.• Conference submission management system: submissions were received and handled via e-mail• Number of submissions received: 190• Number of submissions sent for review: 139• Number of submissions accepted: 109• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 60%• Average number of reviews per paper: 3• Total number of reviewers involved: 30• Any additional info on review process: three independent referees one of which invited from outside the conference committee reviewed all the papers. The review process was held under the supervision of the organizing commitee.• Contact person for queries: Aleksey Solntsev, chairman of the organizing comittee, professor, dean of the faculty of Automotive Vehicles, Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Moscow, Russia, solntsev@madi.ru

Basic values of Russian and foreign students (comparative aspect)

The article deals with the comparison of the basic values of modern students (Russian and foreign). The authors examine and compare basic values held by modern students (Russian and foreign). The study is based on the typology of basic values of Russians (research project "Tomskaya initsiativa", 2001) and the list of values from the S. Schwartz Value Survey. The respondents are asked to choose 10 key values out of 40 basic values and assess them using the S. Schwartz scale. The surveys performed by the authors at the Pushkin State Russian Language Institute and Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University are used as the materials for the study.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ДИСЦИПЛИН ГУМАНИТАРНОГО ЦИКЛА В СИСТЕМЕ ПОДГОТОВКИ СТУДЕНТОВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ВУЗОВ

Using the example of studying at the Moscow Automobile and Road State Technical University (MADI), the paper examines the specifics of the content of the disciplines of the humanities cycle, in particular the integrated course “Russian language and the skill of business communication”. The course content is structured by topics, it combines materials from such disciplines as the Russian language, Speech culture, Public speaking and Communication psychology. The features of methodical classroom and extracurricular work during the study of the discipline are shown. A number of practical tasks aimed at increasing the motivation of students in the study of this course are proposed

Ecological communications of modern students (experience of the Moscow automotive-road state technical university)

The article presents the results of the analysis of the process of expansion and diversity of communication channels in the university environment, which is relevant from the standpoint of achieving the goals of sustainable development in the field of education. It is shown that one of the most accessible and open communication channels, in which modern students are actively involved, is the channel of environmental communications. They have many manifestations, which corresponds to the most exceptionally wide ecological space, reflecting both individual and collective interests, features of a narrow professional attitude to nature and its civilizational understanding. A significant part of the disciplines studied in higher education contributes to the formation of students' environmental competencies. The specificity of the ecological approach to education and upbringing contributes to involvement of students in activities for the nature protection. The regularities of environmental communications functioning can be traced on the example of environmental education carried out at the Moscow Automobile Road State Technical University (MADI).

Documentation of party organization of the Moscow Automobile Factory named after I. A. Likhachev as a source on history of the company

The subject of this research is the documentation of party organization of the Moscow Automobile Factory named after I. A. Likhachev (known fully as the Public Joint-Stock Company – Likhachov Plant ZIL, Moscow Automobile Society AMO ZIL) as a source on history of the enterprise. The goal of this research consists  in determination of information capacity and possibilities of using documentary materials accumulated as a result of work of the primary party organizations of industrial enterprises of the Soviet period, namely with regards to the least studied aspects: social conditions, socio-psychological, and socio-cultural. The analysis of sources demonstrates that the materials of factory party organizations, particularly Moscow Automobile Factory named after I. A. Likhachev, represent one of the most valuable groups of sources in studying the history of a single company and industrial enterprise. They feature high information capacity on the key aspects of the company, including social. It is underlined that the party documentation was used by the Soviet researchers fragmentary and at times not objectively for multiple reasons; therefore, one of the tasks for the historians lies in comprehensive reconstruction of reliable scientific history of enterprises overall, and their party organizations in particular.

Preface

International Conference on Digital Solutions for Automotive Industry, Roadway Maintenance and Traffic Control (DS ART 2019) International Conference on Digital Solutions for Automotive Industry, Roadway Maintenance and Traffic Control was held in Cholpon-Ata, the Kyrgyz Republic, on 1–3 November 2019. DS ART 2019 was organized by Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Moscow, Russia, with the promotional sponsorship of International Association for Automotive and Road Engineering Education (IAAREE).The participants came together to discuss the topical issues of automobile and roadway complex, automotive production, maintenance and repair as well as the acute problem of traffic control. The questions of personnel training in the automotive industry were also raised. The need to move towards creating digital solutions in the industry was emphasized.All the papers submitted to DS ART 2019 were carefully reviewed and proofread by the editors to select the most valuable and significant ones. They cover the range of relevant research on the current state of the automotive industry and innovative ways to solve its problems.We express our gratitude to all the participants and the organizing committee for their contribution to preparing the DS ART 2019 proceedings. With the best regards, Prof. Aleksei A. Solntsev, Chairman of the Organizing Commette

New digital technologies of training in the transport education

The article analyzes the use of new digital technologies in transport education considering the Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI) as an example. The results Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) and other electronic systems in the training of engineers using on specialty «Land transport and Technological Vehicles» are given. Positive opportunities of online courses using arise in the organization of student extracurricular activities and the implementation of a differentiated approach in training. Different content of online courses in the areas of training makes it difficult to use MOOC in the practice of general engineering education. The authors suggest using the Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle) which is a free web application that provides to create websites for online learning. The experience of using the online resource «Information system MADI» («IS-MADI: Physics») to study Physics, created by MADI’s teachers, is also considered. This experience makes to conclude that using of the Internet resource «IS-MADI: Physics» awakes interest of students to learn Physics. In a whole students begin to understand that knowledge of Natural Science disciplines gives them powerful tool to create and to exploit modern cars and roads, they begin understand importance of Physics.

Stenographic transcriptions of reminiscences of the executives and employees of Moscow Automobile Factory as a source on socio-psychological aspects of the history of its establishment (1915-1924)

This research is dedicated to stenographic transcriptions of reminiscences of the executives and employees of the Moscow Automobile Factory named after I. A. Likhachev (AMO ZIL). The goal consists in determination of information capacity of stenographic transcription of reminiscences as a source for studying the socio-psychological aspects of the history of industrial enterprises. The author examines the following aspects: reflection in stenographic transcriptions of the views of company’s executives and technician engineers upon the industrial process;  different aspects of economic culture of the company; socio-psychological image of employees and their relation to development of the company, local and nationwide sociopolitical processes, technological difficulties; perception of collective environment by the staff members; working and living conditions. In the course of study, the author applied socio-psychological and illustrative methods based on the comprehensive analysis of sources. As a result, the author determines high informational vale of stenographic transcriptions of reminiscences, demonstrate possibilities its implementation in studying socio-psychological aspects of the history of industrial enterprises, namely economic culture, mentality of technical officers and staff members, atmosphere inside the collective, motivation and incentive system for employees, role of interpersonal relations in establishment and functionality of the company, views of executives and technician engineers on the industrial process, etc. Previously unstudied archival materials were introduced into the scientific discourse.