Morphological Verification Research Articles

Anthropomorphic modular gripper finger actuated by antagonistic wire and shape-memory alloy (SMA) springs

Abstract. The traditional underactuated grippers can only passively adapt to the contour of the object, and the passive contact process may lead to the object slipping, affecting the stability of the grasping process. In this paper, an anthropomorphic modular gripper finger actuated by antagonistic wire and shape-memory alloy (SMA) springs, which can actively control the grasping morphology according to the characteristics of the objects to be grasped, is proposed. The wire drive simulates the flexor muscle, and the SMA and reset springs simulate the extensor muscles of the finger, which antagonistically control the grasping morphology of the finger. It is more in line with the grasping characteristics of the human hand. According to the moment equilibrium principle of the finger joints, the deformation model of the gripper is established, the influence of the wire tension and the equivalent stiffness of the finger joints on the grasping morphology is analyzed, and the theoretical joint angle results are verified by the Adams simulation; finally, the experimental system of the gripper is constructed, and the verification of the deformation morphology of the single finger and the gripper's enveloping–grasping experiments is completed. The results show that according to the contour size of the object, by actively controlling the wire force of the gripper and the equivalent stiffness of the interphalangeal joints, the enveloping–grasping action of different objects can be completed and the stable grasping of objects of different shapes and sizes can be realized.

Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia

Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is an infrequent presentation of esotropia, characterized by sudden onset eye misalignment and diplopia. The purpose of this article is to review four cases of children diagnosed with AACE. We present 4 cases (children 610 years) of AACE. All of them suddenly developed diplopia and esotropia, with largeangle. After complete ophthalmological and neurological examinations in three cases out of four, strabismus surgery was conducted. In one case heterogenous neoplasm was detected and sent to an oncologist and neurosurgeon for evaluation and morphological verification. Bilateral medial rectus recession in two cases and unilateral recession of the medial rectus and resection of the lateral rectus in one case were performed. After strabismus surgery fully recovered binocular vision and was no longer noticeable diplopia. Neurological examinations and neuroimaging should be performed to exclude any potential intracranial disease. Surgery should be taken into consideration 6 months after the onset of the esotropia, if the deviation is stable. Strabismus surgery of AACE has good motor and sensory results and can successfully restore good binocular function The excessive use of smartphones may be associated with developing and increasing AACE.

Correlation of Serodiagnosis with Morphological Verification of Cystic Echinococcosis, and the Association of Patients' Blood Types with Echinococcus Invasion

A retrospective analysis was carried out in 110 patients with echinococcosis of the liver and lungs operated on in various hospitals of the Russian Federation, in whom the diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis was morphologically verified (intra-vitam). According to the study, clinical and epidemiological features were identified: main factors predisposing to echinococcus invasion, average duration of medical history before visiting a doctor, main clinical symptom complex; the correlation between the blood type of patients according to the AB0 system and the average European blood type was shown: significant differences were obtained for III(B) and IV(AB) blood types (p<0.05). In addition, the role of serological diagnosis of echinococcosis as an auxiliary, the effectiveness of which in the Russian Federation for cysts of type CE1 (according to the WHO-IWGE classification) reaches 71%.

Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma: literature review and case presentation

Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma (PHG) is an extremely rare condition. Only 170-200 cases have been described until now all over the world. There have been no reports in the Russian medical literature. Etiology of the disease is unknown. The X-ray picture is very unspecific. Tumors of lungs and pleura and infectious diseases are included in the differential line. Patients with pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma have long stabile progression of the disease, and the treatment with glucocorticoids can lead to the long lasting remission.The aim of the review was to inform pulmonologists, general practitioners, infectious disease specialists, thoracic surgeons, and oncologists about the existence of pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma, its diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment. Also we present one clinical case of patient with pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma.Conclusion. Because of very low incidence of PHG, an internist or a pulmonologist can never encounter it in their professional life. However it is worth keeping this condition in mind and including it into the diagnostic process when focal and focused shadows are identified in the lungs during chest X-ray. Probably, the disease is caused by different immune-mediatory processes, but the exact pathogenesis is still unknown. Biopsy of the lung tissue by means of lung resection is crucial for the morphological verification of the diagnosis. The prognosis of the disease is favorable. The timely initiation of treatment can sufficiently prolong the remission.

Ювенільна фіброаденома: сучасні тенденції діагностування та лікування множинних і рецидивних форм патології (аналітичний огляд літератури та власне спостереження)

Neoplastic lesions of the mammary gland in children are mostly benign in nature, which is associated with the normal development of the mammary gland. Malignant neoplasms in childhood are very rare. The specific gravity of breast cancer in teenagers is no more than 0.1 % of all breast cancer cases and less than 1% of all cancer cases among children. The malignant potential of breast fibroadenoma is quite low and ranges from 0.125% to 0.02%. The aim is to highlight modern approaches diagnosis and treatment of juvenile fibroadenoma according to literature sources and own experience. The conducted analysis of the state of modern scientific research regarding the problem of fibroadenoma in general and especially their juvenile forms, taking into account a certain own experience in the treatment of this pathology, prompts, in our opinion, the expediency of considering the recurrent course of the disease in pediatric practice from the angle of possible "continued growth" in relation to the pathological condition in general. The phenomenon of "continued growth" should be specifically discussed only in those cases, in the process of primary removal of juvenile fibroadenomas in one and/or contralateral mammary gland, during clinical and instrumental examination, there are no signs of any additional neoplasms. Juvenile fibroadenoma in pediatric treatment remains an actual problem that requires further fundamental and multifaceted study and wider coverage among specialists of various specialties – pediatric surgeons, pediatric gynecologists, mammologists, pediatricians, family doctors. In the modern medical literature, studies regarding the recurrent course of juvenile fibroadenoma are insufficiently covered, which hinders the development of a modern strategy for the treatment of this pathological condition, including the determination of predictors of the disease and its stages, indications for surgical intervention. In the case of recurrent course of juvenile fibroadenoma, regardless of the size of the tumor, it is necessary to enucleate the tumor with its mandatory morphological verification. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Morphological verification of the effects of dynamic quadripolar radio frequency in patients of reproductive age with pelvic organ prolapse

Background. Pelvic organ prolapse is a common pathology that has a significant impact on women’s quality of life. According to literature data, 30% of women of reproductive age have symptomatic forms of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). 13% of patients undergo surgical treatment of POP. However, some patients again complain about the symptoms of genital prolapse, despite the surgical correction.Objective. To evaluate the effect of dynamic quadripolar radio frequency on the histological picture of the vaginal mucosa in patients of reproductive age with pelvic organ prolapse.Materials and methods. A prospective comparative study was conducted, which included 38 patients of reproductive age. The patients were randomized and divided into 2 groups 2 months before the surgical treatment of POP. The first group (n=17) of patients underwent preoperative preparation using dynamic quadripolar radio frequency (DQRF) before surgical treatment. The second group (n=21) did not undergo preoperative preparation. Both groups of women received surgical treatment in volume — plastic surgery of genital prolapse with their own tissues. A biopsy of the vaginal mucosa was obtained intraoperatively, and its histological assessment was performed. The material was stained with hematoxylin-eosin, light microscopy was performed using an Axioplan 2 microscope (CarlZeissJena, Germany).Results. Increased vascularization of the vaginal mucosa, absence of signs of inflammation and fibrosis, and ordering of collagen bundles were noted in patients who underwent preoperative preparation using DQRF.Conclusion. Changes in the histological picture of the vaginal mucosa after the use of DQRF indicate an increased regenerative ability of tissues, which may be a predictor of better healing after surgical treatment and may affect the long-term results of surgical treatment.

Prevalence of chronic myocarditis in patients with atrial fibrillation according to the results of a single-center study

Aim. To assess the incidence of chronic myocarditis in patients with atrial fibrillation.Material and methods. The study included 145 patients. The majority of patients were male — 118 (81.4%). The median age was 45 (38; 50) years. Most had paroxysmal AF — 60 (41.4%), slightly fewer had persistent AF — 55 (37.9%), 30 (20.7%) patients had long-term persistent AF. All patients underwent radiofrequency ablation of AF and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) with subsequent histological and immunohistochemical studies (IHC). Morphological verification of myocarditis was performed in accordance with the Dallas criteria modified by the World Heart Federation.Results. Signs of chronic myocarditis were identified in 64 patients (44.1%). The median age of patients with myocarditis was 44 (36.5;49) years, without myocarditis — 46 (38;51) years. In men, myocarditis was detected in 50 cases (42%), in women — in 14 (51.9%). In paroxysmal AF, myocarditis was detected in 25 patients (41.7%), in persistent AF — in 23 (41.8%), and in long-term persistent AF — in 16 (53.3%). The groups with and without chronic myocarditis were comparable when compared based on the main echocardiographic parameters. Regression analysis did not show a significant influence of these factors on the probability of detecting chronic myocarditis in patients with AF. In patients under 30 years of age, there were no signs of inflammation without the presence of myocardial fibrosis, while the maximum stage of fibrosis occurred in patients from 31 to 40 years of age. The stage of fibrosis did not depend on gender. More often than others, a combination of enterovirus and herpes virus type 6 was detected in biopsy specimens. In patients over 51 years of age, biopsies generally did not express any virus on immunohistochemical studies.Conclusion. Chronic myocarditis in patients with AF was significantly more often detected in younger patients (up to 50 years inclusive), and was more common in women, as well as in the presence of a long-term persistent form of AF, regardless of gender. Detection of myocardial fibrosis signs is more typical for young patients with the maximum stage at the age of 31 to 40 years.

Trends in Stage-Specific Kidney Cancer Incidence in Kazakhstan, 2005-2019.

The aim is to analyze the incidence of kidney cancer over a 15-year period, considering factors such as stage, age, sex, and morphological verification in the regional context in Kazakhstan. The retrospective study was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific incidence rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in sanitary statistics. The data were used to calculate the average percentage change (APС) using the Joinpoint regression analysis to determine the trend over the study period. Among the meticulously documented 15,277 cases, a conspicuous male predominance was noted, comprising 53.7% of cases compared to 46.3% in females, with peak incidences observed within the 50-69 age cohorts. The average age at diagnosis exhibited a progressive rise over the study period, with discernible variations observed in age-specific incidence rates, particularly pronounced within the 60-84 age brackets. Noteworthy temporal trends indicated a consistent uptick in crude incidence rates, with distinct regional disparities manifesting higher rates in northern regions relative to their southern and western counterparts. Stratification by cancer stage unveiled a significant surge in stages I-II cases alongside a concomitant decrement in stage III incidences, complemented by reductions in stage IV occurrences and instances of unspecified disease stages. Morphological verification rates displayed regional variations, with an overarching ascending trajectory across most regions, albeit exceptions noted, notably in the Kyzylorda region. Our study identified a rise in kidney cancer incidence in Kazakhstan, likely reflecting global trends driven by increased risk factor exposure and incidental imaging findings. Regional disparities and varied stage distributions highlight the complexity of kidney cancer epidemiology. Despite advancements in early detection, delayed diagnosis persists, necessitating improved surveillance and diagnostic practices.

Prediction of fatal cardiovascular events in patients with newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer

Aim. To study risk factors for fatal cardiovascular events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer over two years of standard treatment.Material and methods. This pilot retrospective non-randomized cohort study included 179 patients who were consecutively admitted to the chemotherapy department of City Clinical Hospital 1 from January to December 2020 with a confirmed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer based on the comprehensive examination and morphological verification according to the 2018 clinical guidelines on bronchial and lung cancer. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases were carried out according to national clinical guidelines. The follow-up period for non-small cell lung cancer and cardiovascular disease was 2 years. Logistic regression models were considered to assess the risk of cardiovascular death. The model accuracy was assessed by a cross-validation.Results. The best model in terms of the sensitivity and specificity sum according to a cross-validation was the model with the following explanatory variables: sex, cancer stage, platinum-based chemotherapy, etoposide, immunotherapy, surgical treatment. This model showed a sensitivity of 70,1% and a specificity of 82,1%.Conclusion. This approach is easy to implement and may optimize treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Feasibility of endoscopic techniques in assessing the radicality of chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer

Introduction. The standard of treatment of rectal cancer is a combined or complex technique in the form of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery or observation, with proven radicalization of CRT. Currently, the most adequate methods of evaluating the results of CRT are endoscopic diagnostics. The most reliable visual criteria for endoscopic examination of absence or presence of residual tumor are: complete response (flat white scar, telangiectasia), partially complete response (uneven mucosa, small nodules on mucosa, superficial ulceration, slight persistent erythema of scar) and incomplete response (visible tumor).Aim. The study is to assess sensitivity and specificity of endoscopic method in assessment of radicality of neoadjuvant CRT in patients with rectal cancer.Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 75 patients with verified rectal cancer after CRT was carried out. Inclusion criteria: histologically verified rectal cancer (adenocarcinoma); endoscopic picture of clinical response of rectal cancer to CRT; absence of established distant metastases at the moment of examination. Exclusion criteria: morphological types of tumors other than adenocarcinoma of the colorectal type; patients with primary-multiple diseases.Results. A retrospective study was conducted in 75 patients with a verified diagnosis of rectal cancer who underwent CRT at the first stage of treatment. All patients underwent endoscopic examination with evaluation of the degree of tumor regression, taking material for cytological and histological examination. In 57 (76,4 %) out of 75 patients on the basis of visual endoscopic picture the absence of residual tumor was stated, in 18 patients visual endoscopic signs were considered as presence of residual tumor. The results of morphological study in the first group of patients confirmed the absence of tumor in 51 cases (92.7 %). In the second group, in the presence of visual signs of residual tumor, morphological confirmation was obtained in 14 out of 18 patients (77.8 %). Morphological verification of residual tumor was obtained in 26.6 % of patients in the total group.Conclusion. Endoscopic and histologic data can be decisive in the evaluation of the degree of radicality of neoadjuvant CRT.

LINC02535 + miR-30a-5p combination enhances proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in metastatic breast Cancer cells

Current clinical therapies for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) have limited therapeutic efficacy and induce significant systemic side effects, leading to poor patient compliance. To address this challenge, this investigation focuses on the design of LINC02535 + miR-30a-5p for treating breast cancer. In vitro cytotoxicity studies confirmed that LINC02535 + miR-30a-5p was more effective in 4 T1 cells, with reduced toxicity in NIH3T3 cells. Further verification of cellular morphology was achieved through various biochemical staining methods. Additionally, the antimetastatic attributes of LINC02535 + miR-30a-5p have been evaluated using both migration scratch and Transwell migration assays, which have collectively revealed excellent antimetastatic potential. The DNA fragmentation of the 4 T1 cells was assessed using a comet assay. LINC02535 + miR-30a-5p improved ROS levels and caused mitochondrial membrane potential alterations and DNA damage, which resulted in apoptosis. Therefore, we propose that LINC02535 + miR-30a-5p could be an alternative therapeutic strategy for breast cancer therapy.

Time to treatment start as a survival predictor for reproductive system cancer: a population-based study

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the time from morphological confirmation of the diagnosis to the start of specialized treatment (time to treatment start: TTS) on cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with cancer of the female reproductive system (CFRS) using the data from the regional cancer registry of the Arkhangelsk region (ARCR) over the period 2000 to 2022. Material and methods. depersonalized data on all cases of breast (BC), cervical (CC), corpus uteri (CUC) and ovarian (OC) cancers were obtained from the ARCR for the period 2000–2022. We compared survival with TTS of 0–7 days (recommended by the state guarantee program), 2–4, 5–8, 9–12 weeks, and 3–6, 7–12 months. Cancer-specific survival was calculated using the life tables and Kaplan-Meier methods. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to correct for other prognostic factors. Results. A total of 19321 cases were analyzed. The ministerial recommended TTS of ≤7 days was observed in 61.9 %, 28.5 %, 27.3 % and 55.9 % of patients with BC, CC, CUC and OC, respectively. the five-year CSS for BC, CC, CUC and OC was 73.9 %, 66.5 %, 73.0 % and 52.1 %, respectively. The TTS of ≤7 days compared to longer TTS was associated with the highest 5-year CSS rate in breast cancer (74.3 vs 45–4-67.0 %) and CC (80.2 vs 63.1–75.0 %); no significant differences were found in CUC and OC. The risk of death from CFRS was the same for TTS of ≤2 months in breast cancer and ≤12 months in other CFRS. Conclusion. Clinical practice shows that the time before the start of special treatment in accordance to state guarantees may be insufficient. early treatment initiation is often possible in the early stages of CFRS. The time to treatment start of < 8 weeks after morphological verification does not worsen survival. The identification of individual groups of patients who need earlier treatment is warranted.

Эпидемиологическая характеристика рака молочной железы в Республике Северная Осетия-Алания в 2017-2021 гг. и в период коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19.

The purpose of the study: to identify the features of the incidence and main diagnostic indicators of breast cancer in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and assess their change during the spread of coronavirus infection COVID‑19. Materials and methods. The data of the annual reports of the Republican Oncological Dispensary of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the data of the state medical statistics (form No. 7 «Information on malignant neoplasms») for 2012–2021 were studied. The most important diagnostic indicators for breast cancer have been analyzed. A comparative assessment of the indicators in the republic, the Russian Federation and the North Caucasus Federal District is given. Results. The urgency of the problem of oncological morbidity in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is due to the increasing prevalence of malignant neoplasms, according to which it occupies the first place in the North Caucasus Federal District. The leading oncological pathology in the female population is breast cancer 26,6% (RF – 21,7%). The epidemiological situation associated with the spread of COVID‑19 coronavirus infection has had a significant impact on cancer incidence in recent years. The rate of newly diagnosed breast cancer incidence in 2021 (44,0 per 100,000 population) was lower than in 2019. The characteristic trends of deterioration of the main diagnostic indicators are revealed. Similar to the indicator for the Russian Federation (25,6%), the rate of active detection of breast cancer decreased (42,6%). Despite the positive dynamics of the detection of the tumor process at stage I, early detection of breast cancer suffers due to a decrease in the detection rate at stage II to 50,2%. A stable growth trend over a five-year period, more than 2 times, of the indicator of the neglect of the tumor process (stage IV), amounting to 16,3% by 2022, was revealed. The detection rate at stages III and IV by 2022 was 32,9% in North Ossetia, 34,5% in the North Caucasus Federal District, and 27.1% in the Russian Federation. In 2021, the mortality rate from breast cancer in the first year after diagnosis in North Ossetia (3,6%) is lower than in the Russian Federation (4,8%) and the North Caucasus Federal District (5,2%). There is a maximum decrease in the five-year survival rate in 2020 to 54,2%, correlating with similar trends in the Russian Federation (56,6%). The morphological verification index, indicating the quality of specialized oncological care, is consistently higher than the national average (99,7%). Conclusion. The improvement of oncological situation in the republic will be facilitated by the implementation of priority areas of the regional program for the fight against oncological diseases, the main task of which is the active detection of malignant neoplasms at early stages and their effective treatment. In order to eliminate the current situation, it is necessary to concentrate efforts to improve the effectiveness of providing oncological care to the population, primarily at the level of outpatient polyclinic health care, and increase the oncological alertness of medical workers. The indicators of the oncological service of the republic related to postcovid complications in oncolo need additional analysis. The indicators of the oncological service of the republic related to postcovoid complications in oncological patients need additional analysis.

ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL GASTRIC CANCER TYPES

Malignant neoplasms occupy the leading places in the structure of morbidity and mortality of the world's population. Stomach cancer is one of the five most common cancer types in Russia in terms of morbidity and is among the top three in terms of mortality from malignant neoplasms. The aim of the study is to study the morphological gastric cancer types depending on the stage, localization of the tumor process in the stomach and the age of the patient. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of data on 412 stomach cancer patients for 2022–2023, examined on the basis of the AI "Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary" under the Health Ministry of Chuvashia, among whom there were 256 (62.1%) men and 156 (37.9%) women, was carried out. The average age of the patients was 65.6±12 years. All cases have morphological verification. Research results. The most frequently diagnosed morphological types of gastric cancer were identified: adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (57.3%), colloid cancer (17.2%), less often – gastrointestinal stromal tumor (6.7%) squamous cell non-keratinizing carcinoma (4.1%). The remaining tumor types in gastric cancer were verified less frequently (0.2–3.0%). It was found that the most common morphological types of gastric cancer were detected in most cases in the elderly (over 60 years old) and males. Depending on the tumor localization in the stomach departments, it was verified: if the body of the stomach is affected, almost all types of stomach cancer are observed (the same with affection to the antrum), such types as tubular, micropapillary, neuroendocrine, scyrrhous and mixed were not found in the cardiac department of the stomach. In subtotal and total affection of all stomach parts, the morphological types of gastric cancer corresponded in most cases to not otherwise specified adenocarcinoma and colloid carcinoma. Such morphological type of gastric cancer as not otherwise specified adenocarcinoma which made up the bulk of all types of malignant gastric cancers, was mainly (in 52.1%) detected at stages III and IV of the disease and only in 16.9% of patients – at the early I stage of the disease. Other morphological types of gastric cancer identified in the late stages of the tumor process included colloid carcinoma, non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma simplex. Conclusions. The analysis of morphological gastric cancer types the predominance of adenocarcinomas and colloid cancer, identified more often in the late stages of the tumor process. The predominant localization of various morphological types of gastric cancer with body damage was established. The most common morphological types of gastric cancer are found in the elderly, more often in men.

Ginsenoside Rb1 Deters Cell Proliferation, Induces Apoptosis, Alleviates Oxidative Stress, and Antimetastasis in Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells.

There are numerous therapeutic applications for ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), the primary saponin derived from ginseng root. According to earlier research, ginsenoside Rb1 causes apoptosis and reduces the cell cycle. Its adverse effects, especially those on the development of the embryo, still need to be thoroughly studied. A host's lifestyle choices, including smoking, drinking too much alcohol, using tobacco products, and having an HPV infection, can increase the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most prevalent malignancies of the oral cavity. To address this challenge, this investigation focuses on the design of GRb1 for treating OSCC. In vitro cytotoxicity studies confirmed that GRb1 was more effective in PCI-9A and PCI-13 cells, with reduced toxicity in non-cancerous cells. Further verification of cellular morphology was achieved through various biochemical staining methods. The mechanism of cell death was investigated by Annexin V-FITC and PI methods. Additionally, the antimetastatic attributes of GRb1 have been evaluated using both migration scratch and Transwell migration assays, which have collectively revealed excellent antimetastatic potential. The DNA fragmentation of the PCI-9A and PCI-13 cells was assessed using a comet assay. Ginsenoside Rb1 improved ROS levels and caused mitochondrial membrane potential alterations and DNA damage, which resulted in apoptosis. OSCC administration significantly reduced the levels of SOD, GSH, GPx, and CAT, increasing the levels of PCI-9A and PCI-13 cells, while GRb1 improved this situation. Therefore, we propose that Ginsenoside Rb1 could be an alternative therapeutic strategy for OSCC therapy.

Net survival analysis of cancer in Zhongshan City of Guangdong Province in China, 1970 to 2014

Objective: To analyze survival data of cancer from 1970 to 2014 in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, and provide scientific basis for cancer prevention and control in Zhongshan City. Methods: The tumor incidence data of Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province from 1970 to 2014 were collected from Zhongshan Cancer Registry, and all patients were followed up to December 31, 2019. The standardized 5-year net survival rates and their annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) for total and major cancers at different times were used to describe statistical analysis. The standardized survival rates were weighted using the International Cancer Survival Standard Age Coefficients. Results: There were 78 854 cancer patients eligible for the study in Zhongshan City of Guangdong Province from 1970 to 2014, among which lung cancer (13 466 cases, 17.08%), nasopharyngeal cancer (9715 cases, 12.32%) and liver cancer (9707 cases, 12.31%) were the main types of cancer. The morphology verification was 69.87% in the whole of cancers and the ranges were 21.07% to 97.00% in major cancers. From 2010 to 2014, the 5-year age-standardized net survival rates of cancers for all, males and females in Zhongshan City were 39.74%, 30.92% and 52.47%, in which were 97.98% for thyroid cancer, 74.29% for brain and central nervous system tumors, 73.92% for nasopharyngeal cancer, 50.23% for colorectal cancer, 81.38% for female breast cancer, 78.81% for uterine body cancer, 68.57% for cervical cancer, 49.33% for prostate cancer, 16.19% for lung cancer , 12.14% for liver cancer, and 11.78% for esophageal cancer, respectively. The survival rates of all cancers in Zhongshan City showed an increasing trends in 1970-2014 (AAPC=1.5%, P=0.025), and it was higher in female cancers than that of male in all periods. Conclusion: The standardized 5-year net survival rates of all and major cancers in Zhongshan City of Guangdong Province show an increasing trend from 1970 to 2014, but they are still at a medium-low levels compared with the countries and regions participating in CONCORD-3 project, suggesting that Zhongshan should continue to strengthen cancer prevention and control.

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (review)

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS), a rare disease with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, which is characterized with the presence of multiple polyps in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the colon. The detection of adenomatous polyps in patients with JPS, in addition to juvenile ones, significantly complicates the differential diagnosis with familial adenomatous polyposis, in which it is necessary to perform a radical surgery — proctocolectomy. Only in 40-60% of cases, pathogenic variants of the SMAD4 and BMPR1A genes can be identified, each of which is characterized with its own clinical manifestations. Treatment options for patients with JPS include endoscopic and surgical; however, the decision-making algorithm, as well as the timing of postoperative follow-up, are not evaluated in Russian clinical guidelines. The rare occurrence of this syndrome, difficulties in endoscopic diagnosis and morphological verification, as well as limitations in determining the molecular genetics cause of the disease demonstrate the need for further research.

The enhanced hepatotoxicity of isobavachalcone in depigmented zebrafish due to calcium signaling dysregulation and lipid metabolism disorder.

Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a flavonoid component derived from Psoraleae Fructus that can increase skin pigmentation and treat vitiligo. However, IBC has been reported to be hepatotoxic. Current studies on IBC hepatotoxicity are mostly on normal organisms but lack studies on hepatotoxicity in patients. This study established the depigmented zebrafish model by using phenylthiourea (PTU) and investigated the difference in hepatotoxicity between normal and depigmented zebrafish caused by IBC and the underlying mechanism. Morphological, histological, and ultrastructural examination and RT-qPCR verification were used to evaluate the effects of IBC on the livers of zebrafish larvae. IBC significantly decreased liver volume, altered lipid metabolism, and induced pathological and ultrastructural changes in the livers of zebrafish with depigmentation compared with normal zebrafish. The RNA-sequencing and RT-qPCR results showed that the difference in hepatotoxicity between normal and depigmented zebrafish caused by IBC was closely related to the calcium signaling pathway, lipid decomposition and metabolism, and oxidative stress. This work delved into the mechanism of the enhanced IBC-induced hepatotoxicity in depigmented zebrafish and provided a new insight into the hepatotoxicity of IBC.

"Morphological Verification of Neuropsychiatric Disorders at Low Radiation Exposures"

"Morphological Verification of Neuropsychiatric Disorders at Low Radiation Exposures"

Epidemiology of cervical cancer in Iran in 2016: A nationwide study of incidence and regional variation.

Cervical cancer is a common, and fatal cancer in women worldwide. This cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women after breast, colorectal, and lung cancer. This study aims to investigate the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) and the geographical distribution of Cervical Cancer in Iran. This study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional investigation. The study sample comprised all individuals registered as cervical cancer patients in the National Cancer Registry system in 2016. The crude rate and ASRfor each province were computed independently. Furthermore, we employed ArcMap10.5 software and geographic information system to conduct an analysis of the gathered data. In order to ascertain the spatial distribution and clustering of cervical cancer incidence, we utilized Moran's I, which measures spatial autocorrelation. We studied a total of 808 cases of cervical cancer with a median age to be 52.19 years (IQR≈1.35). Among these cases, 685 (84.7%) were diagnosed based on the pathological reports with morphological verification, while 81 patients (10.1%) were clinically identified, and 42 cases (5.2%) were diagnosed using the death certificate-only method. Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 61% of all cases (n = 497). The ASR of cervical cancer in Iran was 1.90 per 100 000 populations. The provincial ASR ranged from 0.29 to 5.03 per 100 000, with the highest rates observed in Golestan (5.03), East Azerbaijan (4.07), and Ilam (3.72). We found no clustering patterns in the distribution of provincial crude, age-specific, and age-standardized incidence rates (p > .05). The incidence of cervical cancer in Iran was lower than the global average, and we did not identify any significant disparities in the incidence rates among the provinces. Although there were differences in incidence rates among the areas, these were not clustered. It is crucial to remember that cervical cancer is still a major public health issue in Iran, and in order to lessen the disease's burden, national initiatives to enhance screening, early identification, and access to efficient treatment should continue to be top priorities.