Morphology Of Gallbladder Research Articles

Multifocal biliary carcinoma; whether synchronous or metastatic: A need to conquer

Multiple synchronous primary carcinoma involving gall bladder, liver and common bile duct are rare and difficult to differentiate with hepatic and extrahepatic bile duct metastasis from single primary. Radiological features, molecular landscape, and even integrated mutational profiling are not of much help. We describe a case of 48-year-old male who presented with jaundice and follow up CT scan raised the suspicion of gall bladder carcinoma with hepatic metastasis. Peroperative frozen section examination revealed adenocarcinoma with involvement of cystic duct margin; however revised common duct margin was free from tumor invasion. Final histopathology on resected gall bladder revealed multifocal adenocarcinoma, while histomorphology of hepatic nodule was consistent with cholangiocarcinoma. Common bile duct a one focus had also revealed adenocarcinoma while cut margins were negative form malignancy. In view of different morphology of gall bladder and hepatic tumor, no continuity of three tumors and single large, firm, non umblicated hepatic nodule, diagnosis of multiple synchronous carcinoma was suggested.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF ULTRASOUND SIGNS OF THICKENING OF THE GALLBLADDER WALL

An overview of the data on features of ultrasound examination of the gallbladder with various forms of pathology in children is presented. We examined 650 conditionally healthy children and 840 children with diseases of the abdominal cavity organs, cardiovascular system, and some infectious diseases. The diffuse thickening of the gallbladder wall was established to be the possible result of a wide range of pathological conditions, both of surgical and non-surgical origin. It is shown that sometimes it is necessary to conduct frequent dynamic studies, especially in cases where the primary disease of the gallbladder cannot be ruled out. As a rule, the recognition of the cause of the response of the gallbladder wall and its exclusion as a result of appropriate treatment leads to a normalization of the morphology and function of the gallbladder.

A study of variations in the external morphology of gall bladder

A study of variations in the external morphology of gall bladder

Variations in the Morphology of Gallbladder: A Cadaveric Study with Emphasis on Surgical Implications

Variations in the Morphology of Gallbladder: A Cadaveric Study with Emphasis on Surgical Implications

Variations in the external morphology of gall bladder: A cadaveric study in south coastal population

Variations in the external morphology of gall bladder: A cadaveric study in south coastal population

Morphology of gall bladder - A cadaveric study

Morphology of gall bladder - A cadaveric study

Does gallbladder angle affect gallstone formation?

IntroductionMorphology of gallbladder varies considerably from person to person. We believe that one of the morphological variations of gallbladder is the “gallbladder angle”. Gallbladder varies also in “angle”, which, to the best of our knowledge, has never been investigated before. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of gallbladder angle on gallstone formation.Methodsin this study, 1075 abdominal computed tomography (CT) images were retrospectively examined. Patients with completely normal gallbladders were selected. Among these patients, those with both abdominal ultrasound and blood tests were identified in the hospital records and included in the study. Based on the findings of the ultrasound scans, patients were divided into two groups as patients with gallstones and patients without gallstones. Following the measurement of gallbladder angles on the CT images, the groups were statistically evaluated.ResultsThe gallbladder angle was smaller in patients with gallstones (49 ± 21 degrees and 53 ± 19 degrees) and the gallbladder with larger angle was 1.015 (1/0.985) times lower the risk of gallstone formation. However, these were not statistically significant (p>0,05).ConclusionA more vertically positioned gallbladder does not affect gallstone formation. However, a smaller gallbladder angle may facilitate gallstone formation in patients with the risk factors. Gallstones perhaps more easily and earlier develop in gallbladders with a smaller angle.

Study of the Morphological Characteristics of the Human Gallbladder in Relation to Age and Sex of Bangladeshi People

Context: Variations in the morphology of the gallbladder have long been debated by the abdominal surgeons. So it is important for the surgeons to appreciate the possible anatomical variations that can be encountered during surgery to prevent post operative complications during cholecystectomy. This study was aimed at to find out any variations in the morphology of the postmortem gallbladder in adult Bangladeshi male and female to find out any difference in the gallbladder morphology in relation to age and sex. Material & methods: This study was done on sixty (60) human postmortem gallbladder from Bangladeshi male and females of two age groups- group A age between 20-40 years and group B age between 41-65 years. Among the morphological parameters length, breadth, thickness and volume of the gallbladders were measured. Result: Result of the present study showed that the mean values of gross morphological features of the gall bladder (length, breadth, thickness, volume & weight), were higher in group B than group A except the thickness in female which show somewhat higher mean value in group A than group B. The result showed significantly high value for length and volume in case of male only (p<.05) in group B than group A. When comparison were made between these values in regard of sex, it was found that males of group B showed higher mean value for all parameters than females of group B and result showed a significantly higher value for the length of gallbladder(p<.05). But in case of group A, whereas male had higher mean value for length and weight and, female had higher mean value for breadth, thickness and volume though no values were significantly different. Conclusion: The higher mean values of different parameters of the gallbladder in elderly males and also from their female counterparts of the same age groups may be due to shorter size of the females. Again some parameters showed higher values in females (breadth, thickness and volume) which may indicate the predominance of cholelithiasis in females. Again most of the values in male and female of elderly were higher than the younger groups indicate the formation of gallstones in elderly. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20676 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 81-85

A cadaveric study involving variations in external morphology of gall bladder

Background : Variations in the pattern of the extra hepatic biliary tract are usual and are commonly encountered during some radiological investigations or in operation theaters. Such Variations of the morphology of Gall bladder have been well documented in the literature for many years but a detail morphological study of variations of the gall bladder and its incidence is very rare. In this era of quick results, increasing use of diagnostic and interventional procedures makes it important to study variations of gall bladder morphology. Most of the interventional procedures in this modern era are done laparoscopically and there is tremendous increase in the number of laparoscopic cholecystectomies. So, sound knowledge of possible variations in morphology of gall bladder is important. Materials and Methods : This study was undertaken on 90 cadaveric liver and gall bladder specimens in terms of length, maximum transverse diameter, shape, external variations of gall bladder, Interior and length of gall bladder below the inferior border of the liver. Results: GB had length ranging between 7 and 10 cm, transverse diameter between 2 and 5 cm. The commonest shape observed in this study was pear shaped in 82.22% of cases. The length of gall bladder below the inferior border of liver varied between 0.4 and 2.5 cm. Conclusion: The growing importance of such variations, lie not only from the point of biliary disease but also with respect to the various invasive techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct disease.

Morphology of canine gallbladder. Scanning electron microscope observations on the epithelium.

Examination of the surface topography of canine gallbladder epithelium using the scanning electron microscope reveals subtle changes in the morphology of the cellular components between the full and empty states. In the full state large bays exist between relatively low, ridge-like crests or folds of mucosa which gradually increase in height as the gallbladder empties causing a subsequent reduction in size and volume of the bays. The relaxed gallbladder exhibits an irregular arrangement of tall, closely apposed mucosal folds with intervening deep valleys. The degree of apical convexity of individual epithelial cells will increase as the mucosal folds begin to relax. Other mucosal features most easily observed in the full state were small pit-like intraepithelial glands. The apical surfaces of the epithelial cells exhibit a densely uniform microvillus border and occasional membrane-bounded cytoplasmic protrusions (apical bullae) extending out into the lumen of the organ. The lateral cell membranes and basal lamina were also examined. Correlative methacrylate and transmission electron microscopic findings are included. The functional aspects of these morphological alterations and apical protrusions are discussed.