Morphological Facial Height Research Articles

What Did the Ideal Beauty of the 15th Century Look Like? An Anthropometric Analysis of Botticelli Portraits.

The aim of this study was to conduct an anthropometric analysis of the 5 portraits painted by Botticelli that depict Simonetta Vespucci. Five images in the Simonetta series by Botticelli workshop were measured. The anthropometric measurements of the face included 22 parameters on the lateral view (in 4 portraits; 18 distances and 4 angles) and 17 distances on the frontal view (in one portrait), which were measured using Adobe Photoshop. The absolute distances were calculated relative to the vertical corneal diameter (10.6mm), which was calculated by multiplying the distance from the pupil's center to the lower margin of the iris. In the lateral faces, the nasofrontal angle (g-n-prn) was 157.6±2.4 degrees, and the nasal tip angle (n-prn-sn) was 99.7±3.4 degrees. The nasolabial angle (prn-sn-ls) was 125.7±4.9 degrees, and the labiomental angle (li-sl-pg) was 131.6±4.4 degrees. The ratio of the upper lip height to the lower lip height (sn-sto/sto-sl) was 85.4±9.0%. The ratio of the upper lip vermillion to the upper lip height (ls-sto/sn-sto) was 27.7±3.9%. The ratio of the lower lip vermillion to the lower lip height (sto-li/sto-sl) was 47.2±6.6%. Comparing the data with 21st-century Italian females, forehead II height (tr-n), physiognomical face height (tr-gn), and morphologic face height (n-gn) of the beauties of the 15th century were significantly greater than those of 21st-century Italian females. However, there were no significant differences in lower face height (sn-gn) and nose height (n-sn). Considering the ongoing cultural relevance of Renaissance art, the esthetic proportions from this study may have reflection to the present day plastic surgery.

A Study of Facial Index among Patients Visiting Orthodontics Department at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan

Objective: To determine mutifarious facial types of the patients and also determine gender dimorphism. Study Design: Case-control study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontics, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry Multan from 1st December 2020 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: One hundred patients were included in the study having 50 females and 50 males. The patients were asked to sit up straight with eyes focused on a distant point at eye level. The Bertillon caliper was utilized to measure the morphological face height as a vertical distance from nasion (n) to gnathion (gn). The facial width was estimated transversely as a distance between the right and left zygion (zy) points employing the same caliper. Results: According to the Banister classification the most common facial type was found to be hypereuriprosopic (52%) which symbolizes very short and broad faces. Euriprosopics were 28% and mesoprosopics were 15%.Pertaining to gender dimorphism both males and females were predominantly hypereuriprosopic (31% in females and 21% in males). The second common face type reported was euriprosopicin males (20%) and for females it was mesoprosopic (10%). Conclusion: Facial phenotype is strongly influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The most common facial type was hypereuriprosopic followed by euriprosopic. Keywords: Facial index, Facial type, Gender dimorphism

Facial indices and morphology: A study among Bono and Ewe adult population in the Bono region, Ghana

Facial parameters are of utmost importance in identification and racial morphological classification. Facial indices serve as identification tools when used alongside hand print patterns for forensic and biometric purposes such as health insurance, voters’ identity card, driver's license and passports among others. There is paucity of information on facial types and their distribution patterns with respect to ethnicity, age and sex in Ghana. Therefore, the aim of this study was to generate baseline data on facial dimensions among the Bonos and Ewes living in the Bono Region of Ghana. A total of 291 healthy individuals (152 Bonos and 139 Ewes), aged 18–60 years were recruited for the study. The results of the present study showed that male facial parameters were numerically higher than those of the female participants. The predominant facialtype was hyperleptoprosopic (98.96%) and the least was leptoprosopic (1.03%). There were more Bono participants (51.89%) that were hyperleptoprosopic compared to the Ewes (47.07%). Also, among the hyperleptoprosopic participants, there were more males (55.32%) than females (43.29%). Very few males (0.003%) and females (0.006%) were leptoprosopic.The Bono participants recorded significantly greater morphological facial height and facial breadth than the Ewes. The results of the present study affirm population variation in facial anthropometry and reinforce the need to establish specific facial standards for each tribe of the Ghanaian population. This study has provided data for facial morphology for biometric and forensic purposes as well as facial reconstruction in Ghana.

Comparative Study of facial Measurement between Bengali and Manipuri Adult Male Comparative Study of facial Measurement between Bengali and Manipuri Adult Male

Background: From the human face, we can identify their gender, age group, ethnicity etc. So facial morphometric study can be taken as part of anthropometric evaluation and it is an important parameter in observing inter population of faces among the same ethnic group or different group. If we can calculate the different craniofacial variables of different ethnic groups these can be used in future research or clinical purposes. To measure the facial variables among Bengali and Manipuri adult male and to compare these variables between two ethnic group.
 Methods and materials: A cross sectional, observational and analytic type of study was conducted on 200 sample which were collected by convenience sampling where 100 were Bengali adult male and remaining 100 from Munipuri adult male, aged between 18 to 50 years. Data for Bengali and Munipuri adult male were collected from Chattogram city and Kamolgonj, Sylhet respectively. The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Chittagong Medical College from July 2016 to June 2017.
 Results: This study showed that mean morphological face height of Bengali and Manipuri were respectively 11.46 cm ± .53 and 11.82 cm ± .49, mean maximum facial breadth respectively13.04 cm ± .48 and 13.62 cm ± .45, mean facial index respectively 87.93 ± 2.58 and 86.89 ± 2.09. According to facial height, most common type in Bengali was low type (47%) and in Manipuri was medium type (39%). According to facial breadth most common type in Bengali was narrow type (63%) and in Manipuri was medium type (53%). Bengali have leptoprosopic (Narrow face) 53% followed by mesoprosopic face (Medium face) 43%. Manipuri have mesoprosopic face 59% followed by leptoprosopic type 31%.
 Conclusion: The results of the present anthropometric study on the adult Bangladeshi population can provide the basic framework for formulating standards of the facial dimension and indices for adult male of the Bengali and Manipuri population. JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 122-127

Cephalofacial Study to Determine Gender and Ethnicity using Facial Index among the Muslims and Baniyas of Jhansi District

The present study was done on the cephalo-facial parameters among the males and females of Muslims and Baniyas of Jhansi district signifies the ethnicity among the two different communities of the population. 400 subjects were considered aged between 18-45 years which ethnically from Jhansi and their great grandfathers also.The measurements were taking by using sliding caliper and was analysed in statistical software SPSS (Statistical Packages of Social Sciences). The Facial Index of the two communities was calculated using the Morphological Facial Height and Width of Face. Therefore it was seen that the Facial Index of Muslim males and females was Euryprosopic (82.60%) and Leptoprosopic (87.17%) respectively that means that the males of Muslim community were having broad face type whereas Muslim females were having long face type. On the other hand the Baniya community males and females were Leptoprosopic (90.97%) and Mesoprosopic (81.60%) respectively that means the males were having long face and the females were having round face. Thus the two communities gender is distinguishable on the basis of their facial phenotype. The significant correlation was seen between the Muslim males and females Morphological Facial Length, Physiognomic Facial Length and Width of Face at 0.01 level and Baniya males and females Physiognomic Facial Length, Morphological Facial Length and Width of face also showed significant correlation at 0.05 level. Hence the study showed significant correlation at 0.01 and 0.05 level. The study concluded that our data could act as a reference for the Muslim and Baniya community of Jhansi District.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDY OF FACIAL INDEX IN FIRST YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS OF SKIMS MEDICAL COLLEGE

Introduction:The structure of face is dependent on various attributes such as gender, ethnic background, race,climate , socioeconomic status and genetics. The facial index is the ratio of facial height (distance between Nasion and Gnathion) and maximum facial breadth(distance between two zygomatic prominences from Right zygonion to Left zygonion). Methods:A total of one hundred and twelve (112) First year medical students studying at Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Bemina Srinagar, Kashmir were chosen as the subjects for the present study. The study was carried out at Department of Anatomy, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Bemina Srinagar Kashmir. Results:The conducted research provides important information concerning the total facial index (TFI), face shape, and facial phenotype in the adult population. The mean values of the morphological facial height and facial breadth in males were, respectively150mm and 155.5mm.while in females, respectively were: 142.5 mm and 170.0mm . Conclusion:Keeping in view the results obtained in this study we concluded that the dominant facial phenotype in the medical students of sheri Kashmir Institute of medical sciences is EuryproscopicandLeptoproscopic in male students and in male students.The results obtained may be harnessed as a reference for facial analysis that will be further useful in Orthodontics, anthropological research, forensics, genetic research and reconstructive surgery.

Anthropometric Study of Facial Morphology in Northern Thai Population Aged 1 to 18 Years Old to Inform the Timing of Craniofacial Reconstruction

Objective: To determine normal range of craniofacial structures, compare between male and female and establish growth curves in subjects aged 4 to 18 years old. Moreover, to determine normal range of craniofacial structures in subpopulation aged 1 to 3 years old. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study including 388 healthy subjects consisted of 363 subjects aged 4 to 18 years old and 25 subjects aged 1 to 3 years old. Both groups were Northern Thai. All subjects were measured to record the craniofacial anthropometry and established the growth curves in 6 regions including head, face, orbit, nose, labio-oral and ears. Results: In the population aged 4 to 18 years old, upper vermillion height of males was 9.03±2.92 mm. while in females was 8.45±2.38 mm (p=0.039). Left auricular length of males was 57.22±5.33 mm, while in females was 55.89±4.59 mm (p=0.011). Right auricular length of males was 57.40±5.35 mm, while in females was 55.91±4.75 mm (p=0.006). In the population aged 1 to 3 years old, left palpebral fissure of male was 10.42±2.45 mm, while in females was 8.27±1.43 mm (p=0.041). The trend in morphological face height was stable after 13 years old. The trend in physiognomical face height, binocular width, mouth width, and auricular height was stable after 16 years old. The trend in forehead height, mandible width, and nasolabial angle was stable after 18 years old. Conclusion: Each of the parameters showed a tendency to be stable at a specific cut-off age. Therefore, craniofacial reconstruction should be carried out after the specific cut-off ages identified in the results. Keywords: Facial anthropometry; Anthropometrics; Craniofacial; Northern Thai

A study on facial features of children with Williams syndrome in China based on three-dimensional anthropometric measurement technology.

To describe special facial features of children with Williams syndrome in China by using method of three-dimensional craniofacial anthropometry. Using three-dimensional stereo photogrammetric device, 14 craniofacial anthropometric measurements were performed and five indices were calculated in 52 children with Williams syndrome and 208 age and sex matched controls of Han Chinese ethnicity. Except intercanthal width, mouth breadth, morphological face height, nasal height-breadth index, nasal breadth-depth index, morphological ear index, the Williams syndrome group under 3 years old were smaller than the control group in the other 12 variables. Compared with the control group, the Williams syndrome group aged 3-5 years old had smaller biocular breadth, nasal length, nasorostral angle, bitragal breadth, ear width, morphological ear index and face depth. The Williams syndrome group aged above 6 years old had smaller biocular breadth, nasal breadth, bitragal breadth, ear width, ear length and face depth than the control group. The craniofacial variability index of the Williams syndrome group was greater than the control group. Greater variation was found among children with Williams syndrome than normal in China, specifically at eye, nose, ear and face shape, which demonstrate the usefulness of three-dimensional stereo photogrammetric analysis in supporting accurate diagnose of the patient with Williams syndrome.

Physical characteristics of the Uyghurs: anthropometric data from Kashgar

Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Mediterranean type of the European race had been the main ethnic type of the ancient inhabitants of Kashgar. After moving westward to Xinjiang, the Uyghurs of the North Asian Mongolian race started to have long-term integration with other ethnic groups and gradually formed the Uyghurs. At present, the ethnographic characteristics of Uyghur have been a concern for a while. In this study, 560 subjects (273 males and 287 females) were selected and measured using anthropometric methods in Kashgar, the region most representative of the Uyghurs. The study showed that Uyghur individuals have obvious Eurasian characteristics, with South Asian and North Asian features also being identified in this region. However, East Asian type features were rarer in the Uyghur. According to physical characteristics indexes, Kashgar Uyghur males and females are of medium height and heavier weight; with rounder, taller heads and narrower faces that are mesorrhine; they are also wider in chest and shoulder with relatively long trunks. Males have medium head breadth and leg length whereas females possess narrow head breadth and shorter leg length. Among the 13 ethnic groups in China, Uyghur males were found to have a medium nasal root length and extraocular angle as well as reduced Mongolian fold and concave nose. Meanwhile, it is common for Uyghur females to have a high external eye angle, medium concave nose and dorsal rate, a high round ear lobe rate and low nasal base upturn rate. The Uyghur in southern Xinjiang are closer to the East Asian type than the Uyghur in northern Xinjiang. The head and nose features of Uyghur in southern Xinjiang are more similar to those from Mongolia. In case of facial features, the northern Uyghur and Mongolian are relatively close. There is a high incidence of wrinkles on the upper eyelids presented in Uyghur adults, with some people having Mongolian folds, a higher possibility of outer corners than inner corners, and mostly brown eye color. Together this suggests that Uyghur adults have the basic characteristics of the Mongolian race. Uyghur and East Asian ethnic groups are relatively close in face breadth, head length, morphological facial height and head breadth. Due to the fact that Uyghur individuals have rounder and taller heads accompanied by relatively long upper bodies and short legs, they can be considered to have the basic characteristics of an Oriental population. Both the Asian Oriental ethnic group features and Eurasian population characteristics are found in the Uyghur group in terms of their physical type. Among the various types in East Asia, Uyghur adults are closer to the East Asian type, while having certain characteristics of the South Asian and North Asian type. The physical characteristics of the Uyghur may potentially reflect the historical process of multi-ethnic integration.

An Anthropometric study on facial index in chronic sinusitis patients of Raichur district, Karnataka

Back ground: Anthropometry of facial analysis is very useful in recognition of racial, ethnical, sexual differences and reconstructive surgery of individuals. Aim: In the present study, we aimed to determine the facial index in chronic sinusitis patients of Raichur district, Karnataka through anthropometric study. Objective: To study the facial index in chronic sinusitis patients. Materials and Methods: It is an observational descriptive study done in Anatomy department, RIMS, Raichur which was performed on 24 individuals (13 males & 11 females) aged between 18– 60 years of chronic sinusitis patients. Patient are taken to the radio-diagnosis for Computerized tomography (CT) evaluation & to measure the facial index. Formula for facial index is morphological facial height is measured with caliper scale from nasion to gnathion & facial width is measured as straight distance between the right and left zygions. Results: Facial index was calculated according to the formula and the results obtained were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test. The highest type of face in chronic sinusitis observed in euryprosopic & hyperleptoprosopic faces (29%) and least type is hypereuryprosopic faces (4%). Conclusion: There is a significant relation of the facial index observed in hypereuryprosopic & leptoprosopic.

Head and Face Anthropometric Study for Chinese Children

Anthropometric data are valuable when designing products for children. Study on anthropometric growth of children head becomes crucial for head related products such as helmets. Based on the literature, it would be helpful to explore physical growth of children at primary school age. In addition, the investigation on Chinese children’s growth has not been explored in details to discover the similarity and diversity among different ethnic groups, even though differences on head shape for adults have been found between Chinese and Caucasian. This study aims at indicating the growth of head and face for Chinese children using a combination of traditional measurement and 3D scanning technology, and comparing it with Caucasian ethnicity. In this study, 102 Chinese children aged between 5 to 12 years were recruited in Hong Kong. For each participant, six dimensions on head and face were recorded including head circumference, head length, head width, forehead width, face height and morphological face height. A set of growth references were analyzed indicating physical growth on the selected dimensions for Chinese children. All the head and face dimensions were found to keep continuously increasing from 5 to 12 years old. This study statistically verifies the differences of head growth among different age groups, and proposed a measuring strategy for future sizing study to design for Chinese children.

Cephalometric study of 9-15 years old patients with maxillofacial anomalies and cerebral palsy

To study the morphological state of the maxillofacial system in children with cerebral palsy. The frequency and prevalence of dental anomalies was studied in 30 9-15 years old children with cerebral palsy. For the registration of maxillofacial anomalies, the Bjork assessment method was used. The severity of sagittal incisive disocclusion and the reverse sagittal incisal disocclusion was measured by the magnitude of the sagittal slit. The study revealed no age-dependent correlation of lower canines and second premolars roots growth. The parameters of the cerebral part of the skull measured on the CT-bases lateral cephalograms were significantly less than normal rates except for the length of the posterior part of the skull. The morphological changes that determined the formation of sagittal and vertical incisive disocclusions were defined: the reduction of total anterior morphological face height (N-Me) and anterior upper morphological face height (N-SpP) and the increase in the anterior lower morphological face height (SpP-Me) which are characteristic features for patients with incisive sagittal and vertical diocclusion.

Facial index among Igbo children and adolescents in Enugu

Facial dimensions are influenced by age, sex, tribe or race. This knowledge is invaluable in craniofacial surgeries, forensic medicine and bioengineering. The purpose of this study is to establish the predominant types of face among Igbo children and adolescents in Enugu based on their facial indexes, to correlate the facial indexes with age, height and weight. The facial parameters of 725 Igbo children and adolescents with a range of 5 and 19 years were measured, their facial indexes calculated with the appropriate formula and the data were analysed using SSPS version 20. The predominant facial types were hyperleptoprosopic and leptoprosopic in both children and adolescents. Facial index had no significant correlation with age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) but morphological facial height and maximum facial width showed significant positive correlation with age, height, weight and body mass index (p<0.01). Morphological facial height was longer in males than females while maximum facial width was wider among the females. The facial types of Igbo children and adolescents based on cephalic index differ from those of other tribe or race. These findings are important in anthropology, human anatomic studies, forensic medicine and surgical reconstruction of the face.

STUDY OF THE FACIAL MORPHOLOGY OF YOUNG BULGARIANS WITH 3D LASER SCAN

AIM: The aim of study was to make a cephalometric characterization of young Bulgarians using 3D laser scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 46 males and 49 females of Bulgarian origin aged 21-30 years. Three-dimensional images were obtained using a hand-held laser scanner (FastSCAN Cobra, Polhemus Inc., Colchester VT). A set of probing points on the obtained images were used to make certain facial measurements: morphological face height, physiognomical upper facial height, lower face height. The data were statistically analyzed in SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: The facial measurements were significantly greater in males than in females. For morphological facial height most of the individuals were in very high category. For physiognomical upper facial height majority of males were in category high and females in moderate high. Regarding lower facial height most of the individuals were assessed as metriognath. CONCLUSION: The data obtained characterizing facial morphology can be used as criteria in genetic disorders diagnosis and outcome assessment in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery.

Study on anthropometric measurements of head in medical faculty students and their relation with intelligence quotient

Questions about intelligence have always occupied scientists’ minds, and many types of research have been conducted to find answers to these questions. Although inheritance and environmental factors together are influential in the development of intelligence, the belief that intelligent people are biologically and physically different is a common presentation. There are a significant number of studies which aim to find the association between cognitive abilities and anthropometric measurements. The purpose of this study is to research whether there is association between anthropometric measurements taken from the head regions of university students and their IQ values. Our study was conducted with 84 right-handed male students studying at AnA¶nA¼ University Faculty of Medicine. The students were first given R.B. Cattell Culture Free Intelligence Test. After their ages, heights and weights were recorded, and head circumference, bigonial breadth, morphological facial height, head height, head breadth, frontal breadth, maximum head diameter, nose to back of head, distance between gnathion-traction and skull height measurements from the head region were taken. IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 program was used for the statistical analysis of the results. p

Relevance between the facial morphology and nasal index: analysis of 210 young Han women in Henan

Objective To investigate the relationship between the facial morphology and the nasal shape for young women of Han nationality in Henan. Methods Aiming at the female conscripts in Henan province in 2016, 210 healthy young females were enrolled in this study, and their anthropometric features were measured including height, weight, total head height, physiognomic facial height, morphological facial height, upper lip height, lip height, facial width, mandibular width, mouth breadth, nasal height, nasal length, nasal depth, and width of nose. The nasal indexes were divided into 5 groups according to different facial types. And their mean and standard deviation were calculated. The differences were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results Among the indexes measured, there were significant differences in height, face height, shape face height, upper lip height, face width, mandibular width, head height/face width, face height/face width, shape face height/face width and nose index; P values were significant. The classification of facial types was based on the ratio of morphological surface index to area width, and the main types of the groups were mid-facial and narrow-facial types. The differences among different facial types were statistically significant (F=12.75, P<0.05). The scatter plot showed that there was a linear correlation between nasal index and facial shape. Linear regression analysis showed that the linear equation Y=135.84-75.5X (X is the ratio of morphological index to facial width, Y is the nasal index). Conclusions Nasal type is related to the face type. The linear fitting equation between morphological facial height/facial width and nasal index is Y=135.84-75.5x. These findings may enrich the external nasal database, provide reference for the correction of nasal deformity and nasal reconstruction, and direct the clinical therapy. Key words: Face; Nose; Body measurement; Han nationality; Women; Henan

Estimation of Stature from Cephalo-facial Measurements in Adult Nepali Females of Kurseong

Estimation of stature is one of the most important aspects in forensic investigation for personal identification. The objective of the present study was to derive regression equations to estimate stature from different cephalofacial measurements in adult Nepali females. The sample for the study constituted one hundred and eight adult females from Kurseong of Darjeeling district, India. The age range of the participants was between 18 to 46 years. Anthropometric measurements include stature (ST) and five cephalo-facial measurements namely head length (HL), head breadth (HB), head circumference (HC), morphological facial height (MFH) and bizygomatic breadth (BB). The mean age of the studied population was 35.36 (SD, 8.57) years. Results of the Pearson’s correlation coefficient of stature with different cephalo-facial measurements revealed that all cephalo-facial measurements were positively correlated with stature. Results of the linear regression analysis revealed that BBgives the most accurate estimation of stature by linear regression analysis.

Secular trend of head and face shape in adult population of Vojvodina (Serbia)

Background: Different populations show variation in the pattern of change in craniofacial dimensions over time. Earlier studies of craniofacial traits in the Republic of Serbia were carried out, without any particular reference to secular changes.Aim: The aim of the study is to determine possible changes in craniofacial dimensions among the adult population of Vojvodina (Serbia) during a 33 year period.Subjects and methods: The findings of the study are based on the comparison of data from two cross-sectional surveys. The earlier research was conducted in 1975 (n = 2600) and the second from 2001–2006 (n = 4504). Four craniofacial dimensions and body height were analysed.Results: In terms of the head dimensions, head length in males has increased substantially, while head breadth has decreased in both sexes. The total change in the cephalic index is 0.58 (males) and 0.48 (females) units per decade. Morphological face height has substantially increased, while face breadth has decreased in both sexes over this period. The total change in the facial index per decade is 0.75 units in males and 0.98 in females.Conclusion: The results point to a trend of head and face shape remodelling toward a narrower head and more elongated face, consistent with ongoing dolichocephalisation.

Correlation between Morphological Facial Index and Canine Relationship in Adults - An Anthropometric Study

The aim of this study was to correlate the morphological facial index and canine relationship in adults. Materials and method: The research was conducted on 1000 subjects (563 males and 437 females), aged 18-40 years, selected randomly. The parameters were morphological facial height and facial width. The standard spreading caliper with its scale was used for the measurement of facial parameters. Canine relationship was observed intra-orally with the subjects seated on the dental chair. Result: Euryprosopic facial type (53.2%) was most common in majority of the subjects followed by Mesoprosopic (21.6%), Hypereuryprosopic (19%), Leptoprosopic (5.6%) and the least common was Hyperleptoprosopic (0.6%). The canine relation was mostly Class I in both the genders, females showed a higher value of Class II and Class III canine relation. Conclusion: The overall majority had the euryprosopic facial type and there was no significant association between facial morphologic types and canine relationship in both the genders in different age groups at either side. The canine relationship association with facial morphologic type was significant only for left side.

Human race as indicator of 3D planning of soft tissue of face and multidisciplinary approach.

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal parameters for 3D soft tissue planning for ortognatic treatment by gender and increases the effectiveness of multidisciplinary cooperation. Craniofacial parameters which were analysed: nose breadth (al-al), bi-entocanthion breadth (en-en), bi-zygomatic breadth (zy-zy), bi-gonial breadth (go-go), total facial height (n-gn), mouth breadth (ch-ch), morphologic face height (sn-gn), upper-lip height (Ls-Stm), lower-lip height (Stm-Li) and pupils - mid-face (right). The statistically significant level was determined at p values < 0.05. We have determined the optimal parameters of chosen proportions for men and women as the common goal for ortodontist and maxilofacial surgeon. The gender and age influenced the variability of following parameters: bi-gonial breadth, total facial height and morphologic face height. The soft tissue values for craniofacial parameters can be used to identify the surgical-orthodontic goal for patient - europoid race. Due to the immigration and the mix of races it is necessary to take this fact into account (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 41).