Types Of Morphemes Research Articles

The Effects of a Morphological Awareness Intervention on Reading and Spelling Ability of Children With Dyslexia

This paper examines the effects of a morphological awareness intervention on the word reading and spelling skills of Grades 4 to 6 children with dyslexia. Sixteen children in eastern Ontario, Canada, received 20 hours of morphologically oriented instruction spread over 6 weeks and eight served as controls, and all received a battery of reading and spelling tests before and after the intervention. Students were taught the nature of morphology and the types of morphemes, how words could be assembled from morphemes or deconstructed into morphemes to make meaning from print and access the correct pronunciation, and how to use morphology in reading and spelling words. Repeated measures analyses of variance and analyses of covariance indicated that the experimental group showed significantly larger gains than the control group on measures of morphological awareness, morphological decoding, morphological analysis, and morphological spelling. There were no significant effects on word reading (fluency and accuracy) or on standardized spelling measures.

The orthographic representation of a word’s morphological structure: beneficial and detrimental effect for spellers

In this paper we present a review of the literature on the role of a word’s morphological structure in written language processing, with an emphasis on spelling. First, we describe that many orthographies have opted for a representation of a word’s morphological structure. Second, we discuss experiments that have demonstrated the importance of a word’s morphological structure in reading, both in isolated word recognition experiments (so-called blind morphological decomposition) and in reading for meaning. Third, we discuss experimental findings that the written representation of a word’s morphological structure can have beneficial effects in spelling, already in young children with a good morphological awareness. However, several experiments have also shown that, in some circumstances, the speller’s task of representing morphology in written words creates considerable challenges and causes spelling errors rather than providing assistance. Closer inspection of this dissociation between beneficial and harmful effects reveals that two factors play a crucial role in determining the error risk: (a) the distinction between stems and affixes (i.e., morphological accessibility based on semantic transparency) and (b) the frequency with which a morpheme type in a language (stem, affix) must be retrieved in writing texts (accessibility based on type and token frequency). The review offers a theoretical framework against which the other papers in this special issue can be situated.

Morphological Characterization and Assessment of Genetic Variability, Character Association using MOORA Method

Morphological Characterization. Electron microscopy, optical Microscopy, scanning probe microscopic like microscopy (SPM). Morphology using techniques characterizations were carried out. Morphology of nonmaterial’s various used for study A comprehensive of microscopic techniques The explanation is given here.The shape of animals and plants and of biology dealing with structure A division the form of an organism and organization or its parts. Amphibian morphology. The internal structure of words and Segmentation into different types of morphemes Two basic objectives or Essential to Morphology: New Words Creating and. Already Change of words in. Therefore, morphology is body Physically recognizable letterforms Read, they are morphological characters are referred to as of an organism Specific elements are shape, size, color And so on. Morphology is structure A word that describes a characteristic. activity, Taxonomy, heredity, ecology, development and other branches of biology A basis for understanding Morphology gives us, therefore other A for us to read the branches Provides the site. Very simply Said morphological classification, Physiology to establish species boundaries Attributes (or roles) Uses similarity, same As well as interracial relationships uses. Characteristics may be characteristic. The multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis (MOORA) method is one of the MADM techniques. It is a group of qualities (prospective students). It is possible to calculate the worth of criteria, making this the ideal choice for decision-makers like prospective students. Days to flowering, Days to maturity, Plant height, Branches per plant, Pods per plant, Seeds per pod. Genotypic variance, Phenotypic variance, Grand mean, Heritability. From the result it is seen that Plant height is got the first rank where as is the Days to flowering is having the lowest rank. As a result, the plant height received the first rank, as well as the days to flowering received the lowest rank.

English Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes of the Authentic-Recount Text

Some first-grade students of SMKN 1 Pemalang still have difficulties in arranging words when they produce texts. Vocational students generally focus more on their vocations such as computer network engineering, visual communication design, etc. This impacts their ability to string words in English related to applying derivational and inflectional morphemes because they are meaningful in composing sentences according to their meaning and function. So, this research aimed to discover the types and errors of derivational and inflectional morphemes found in the authentic-recount texts made by vocational students. Fromkin’s theory was used to analyze data using descriptive qualitative method. It revealed 5 types of derivational and 3 types of inflectional morphemes were used by students when creating authentic-recount texts. Additionally, learners still make errors in applying those morphemes into sentences of the recount texts with a total of 38 errors, including 5 derivational morphemes and 33 inflectional morphemes. Thus, students are required to understand more about the function and meaning of words before constructing sentences because it plays a significant part in writing English texts. Further researchers are advised to conduct deeper research that focuses on reconstructing sentences, especially in implementing suffixes or other materials which are included in morphology subject.

An Analysis of “Ba” Morpheme Types of “Jiuba”

An Analysis of “Ba” Morpheme Types of “Jiuba”

Morphological Analysis of Inflectional Morphemes in Elon Musk Speech

This research aims to investigate types of inflectional morphemes and the most dominant morphemes appearing in Elon Musk Speech. This study is a qualitative research that adopted the data analysis designed by Miles & Huberman (1994) which covers data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The result of this study is that, In particular, For the inflecttional affixes, the affixes that occured were eighty-five (85) suffixes. There were no prefixes. There were seven (7) different types of suffixes, such asa; -s/es indicating plural, -s/es indicating third person singular, -ed indicating past tense, -ed indicating past participle, -‘s indicating possessive, -ing indicating progressive, -est indicating superlative. As a result, suffixes –s/es plural become the mostt dominant suffixed which are being used in Elon Musk’s speech. Since the analysis of this paper is still limited on the inflectional morphemes in Elon Musk’s speech, the other researcher are suggesed to do additional research on Derivational Morphemes using song’s lyric or novel as a different data resources.

A meta-analytic review of morphological priming in Semitic languages

Abstract Two types of discontinuous morphemes are thought to be the basic building blocks of words in Semitic languages: roots and templates. However, the role of these morphemes in lexical access and representation is debated. Priming experiments, where reaction times to target words are predicted to be faster when preceded by morphologically-related primes compared to unrelated control primes, provide conflicting evidence bearing on this debate. We used meta-analysis to synthesise the findings from 229 priming experiments on 4710 unique Semitic speakers. With Bayesian modelling of the aggregate effect sizes, we found credible root and template priming in both nouns and verbs in Arabic and Hebrew. Our results show that root priming effects can be distinguished from the effects of overlap in form and meaning. However, more experiments are needed to determine if template priming effects can be distinguished from overlap in form and morphosyntactic function.

An Analysis of Inflectional and Derivational Affixes on Psalms Chapters 1-10 From the Bible King James Version

The objective of this study is to identify the inflectional and derivational affixes present in Psalms chapters 1-10 of the King James Version, and to examine the manner in which these affixes are processed. This study employs a qualitative research approach characterized by a descriptive design. When examining the data, the author emphasizes the inflectional and derivational affixes found in the King James translation of the Bible, as outlined by Katamba's theory (1993:40) that states "derivation and inflection are two distinct methods of constructing words." The word formation mechanisms mentioned here can be categorized into two primary types of affix morphemes: derivational affixes and inflectional affixes. The study identified a total of 49 derivational affixes, consisting of 10 prefixes (8.20%), 39 suffixes (31.59%), and 73 inflectional affixes (59.84%). According to the findings of this study, the processing of inflectional affixes is more prevalent than that of derivational affixes when examining the text of Psalms in the King James translation, namely chapters 1-10. The dominance of the suffixes -ed/-d/-ied is due to the prevalence of past tense sentences in the text. This study can serve as a valuable resource for lecturers, particularly those teaching morphology, since it provides clear differentiation between roots and affixes, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the word formation process and the significance of affixes. This study can assist other scholars in analyzing the formation of derivational and inflectional affixes and their processes. This study can serve as a valuable resource for studying vocabulary and word building. Additionally, the study has broader implications, serving as a foundational reference for morphology education, linguistic analysis, and interdisciplinary studies. It enriches our understanding of the linguistic characteristics of the King James Bible, offering insights into the intricate dynamics of word formation within religious texts.

Clinical Considerations From Researcher-Created Morphological Awareness Assessments.

Morphological awareness develops throughout formal schooling and is positively related to later reading abilities. However, there are limited standardized measures available for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to use when assessing morphological awareness in clinical practice. The purpose of this tutorial is to guide clinicians in choosing between researcher-created measures of morphological awareness to use with their school-aged students. We first summarize previous morphological awareness assessment research and outline important clinical considerations when choosing a morphological awareness assessment for students in early elementary grades and beyond. Second, we highlight item characteristics regarding morpheme type, frequency, shift transparency, and imageability for students in early elementary versus later grades. Third, we discuss the type of tasks (i.e., production, decomposition, and judgment) and administration modes (i.e., oral or written and static or dynamic) available to clinicians assessing the morphological awareness skills of school-aged students. Throughout the tutorial, we reference a hypothetical case study to illustrate how SLPs might apply these suggestions and link morphological awareness assessment to treatment recommendations. This tutorial highlights the importance of including morphological awareness assessments in clinical practice to support oral and written language development. We provide practical guidelines to help SLPs evaluate and choose appropriate morphological awareness assessments for their school-aged students as part of their comprehensive language evaluations and to support intervention planning. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24545470.

The Analysis of Inflectional Morpheme in "The Red Shoes" by Hans Christian Andersen

AbstractThe language must be understandable because it addresses the purpose and the message conveyed. Words have an important role in the development of language. Words become the basis of every existing linguistic element, for example from words to sentences, sentences to paragraphs or speech. This word is about morphology because it affects spelling, reading comprehension and vocabulary. To understand the meaning of vocabulary, language users must especially acquire knowledge of morphology inflectional morphemes. This study analyzes both morphemes that appear in the poetry "The Red Shoes' ' by Hans Christian Andersen. The purpose of research is to find the most inflectional morphemes that often appear in the works of Hans Christian Andersen's poetry and also develop the process of morphemes. This study applied a qualitative method. The result of this study revealed that from 142 words which contain inflectional morphemes, the most frequent type of morpheme that appeared in the poetry was plural using suffix -ed, which is found in 61 words. This research also found 7 types of inflectional process such as third-person singular, past tense, progressive, past participle, plural, comparative, and superlative. The purpose of this research is to increase students' vocabulary and become teaching materials for teaching.

An Analysis Of Derivational And Inflectional Morphemes In The Lyrics Of Calum Scott’s Songs In The Album “Bridges”

Morphology studies the intricate forms of words and the influence of changes in word forms on word categories and meanings. Morphemes, as the smallest grammatical units with meaning, are the primary focus of morphology. Morphemes cannot be further divided into smaller linguistic units. This research aims to investigate derivational and inflectional morphemes in the lyrics of Calum Scott’s songs in the album “Bridges”. The qualitative method is employed in this study, which reveals the presence of derivational and inflectional morphemes in the lyrics. The analysis demonstrates the existence of various types of derivational and inflectional affixes. Inflectional morphemes, particularly affixes, are found to be more dominant in the lyrics of Calum Scott’s songs in the album “Bridges”. The findings of this research identify 50 derivational and 99 inflectional morphemes. In derivations, 21 types of affixes are discovered, including prefixes such as re-, pre-, a-, sur- and suffixes such as -ent, -le, -ion, -ful, - less, -ing, -ly, -ain, -ed, -ness, -ment, -y, -ry, -er, -ty, -st, and -ical. Furthermore, there are 8 types of inflectional morphemes, namely plural, past tense, past perfect, comparative, possessive, third-person singular, gerund, and progressive.

Building an elicited imitation task as a measure of implicit grammatical knowledge

Elicited imitation tests (EIT) are often used to measure the effects of a form?focused intervention on the development of L2 learners’ implicit grammatical knowledge, which is intuitive and retrieved without conscious awareness. This study investigated the relationship between an EIT focused on the English past tense and a set of other tests; it also examined whether the past-tense morpheme type, grammaticality of the verbs, their position in the stimulus utterances, and the explicitness of the test instructions influence learners’ imitation accuracy. Forty-four university-level students, all native speakers of Mandarin and enrolled in an English for academic purposes program in Canada, completed an EIT along with four other tests over two consecutive sessions. Results revealed that only the imitation of irregular verbs was significantly correlated with the other tests. In addition, the participants were more accurate in repeating the grammatical and correcting the ungrammatical regular verbs but neither the position of the verbs nor the type of instructions significantly influenced imitation. These findings suggest that several factors can influence learners’ performance and the knowledge that they draw upon during an EIT.

Bilingual Complex Abstract Lexical Structure and Its Relevance to Interlanguage Studies

This study adopts two assumptions about abstract lexical structure. One is that lexical structure is modular: lexical information is organized into subsystems pointing to different levels of linguistic structure, and parts of lexical structure can be split and recombined. The other concerns the sources of morphemes actually occurring in surface strings. As commonly recognized, abstract lexical structure contains three levels: lexical-conceptual structure, predicate-argument structure, and morphological realization patterns. This study argues that abstract lexical structure becomes “complex” because the bilingual mental lexicon contains lemmas (i.e., abstract entries about lexemes) from different sources, such as learners’ first language, their target language, and their interlanguage. By adopting a multi-layered speech production model (Levelt, 1989; Myers-Scotton & Jake, 2001; Wei, 2002, 2015, 2020), it further argues that different types of morphemes are accessed at different levels of language production, resulting in different degrees of learning difficulty (an implicational hierarchy of second language morpheme acquisition) and different types of learner errors in interlanguage production. The typical instances of learner errors for the study are collected from interlanguage performance by adult second language learners with various first language backgrounds. This study aims to explore the nature of the bilingual mental lexicon and mechanisms of interlanguage development.

"Evaluating word formation components apart from verbs in Mahwi's Persian poems"

This research is entitled " Evaluating word formation components apart from verbs in Mahwi's Persian poems" aiming at analyzing morphological aspects, word formation and its constituents in his poems. The study begins with a brief explanation of Mahwi's life, imagination and opinion. Regarding the data, Mahwi's own Persian poems are utilized as data to conduct the research. Moreover, the present study demonstrates morphological analysis and its role for conveying and introducing meaning and messages that have been implemented. Depending on the extent of the research and the basis of theory (literature review), the components of the compound, complex and compound complex have been illustrated through providing examples. Furthermore, Mahwi's poems have been analyzed from the perspective of word constituents in the current research. It is worth mentioning that a word by its compound, complex or a mixture of both components apart from verbs are the items and materials of the study. In this study, the stated concepts, different types of constituents and morphemes have been accurately referred to, analyzed, and illustrated via providing examples from the poems as an evidence. The Findings show that the poet has created, apart from common and used words and expressions, specific neologism in word constituents and expressions and introduced words in the morphology scope. The tables in the analysis of the study play a leading role through illustrating morphological types and most of constituents on the tables. The purpose behind utilizing abbreviations in this paper is to avoid repetition. In addition, the researcher has taken into consideration the economy of language though using symbols and intended terms in the study.

An Analysis on Derivational Morphemes in the Joe Biden’s Inauguration Speech

This research aims to identify the most dominant type of derivational morphemes and the formation process of derivational morphemes found in the Joe Biden’s inauguration speech. This research was a descriptive study. The researcher used documents to collect the data. The corpus of this research was the transcript of the inauguration speech by Joe Biden. The data were collected from the official website “The White House”. Then, the data were sorted out of the corpus. This research used open coding and focused coding to analyze the data. The writer used the theory of Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams to analyze the most dominant type of derivational morphemes and Koltai’s theory to analyze the formation process of derivational morphemes. The findings of this research found that the most dominant type of derivational morphemes found in the Joe Biden’s inauguration speech are suffixes with 147 data out of 158 data. The formation processes of derivational morphemes found are noun formation, verb formation, adjective formation, and adverb formation. Noun formation becomes the most dominant formation process with 107 data out of 158 data. This research covered two types of derivational morphemes and four formation processes of derivational morphemes as a discussion for further linguistic study on morphology, especially derivational morphemes.

The Domain of Emphasis Spreading in Rural Jordanian Arabic

Emphasis spread has been empirically investigated in a number of Arabic vernaculars. Previous accounts of its (non-)application indicate that its domain varies across dialects, ranging from the adjacent vowels to the syllable, to the morpheme, and finally to the (phonological) word. This research paper, which contains an experiment analyzing data from 14 native speakers of Rural Jordanian Arabic (RJA) spoken in Irbid, explores the domain of emphasis spread in this sub-variety, which is an understudied dialect. The results show that emphasis spread is not sensitive to the adjacent vowels or the syllable, but rather to the morpheme type; that is, it applies to suffixes and proclitics, but not to clitics, unless the source of emphasis is very close to the target clitic. Following Selkirk (1996) and consistent with Jaradat (2018), we propose a prosodic account to emphasize spread in RJA: proclitics and suffixes are prosodically integrated into the host stem, and therefore they allow emphasis spread. On the contrary, clitics are prosodically free. Hence, the prosodic word boundary between a stem and a clitic blocks emphasis spread from the stem onto the clitic, unless the source of emphasis is too close to the target clitic. This implies that the domain of emphasis spread is not only dialect-specific, but may also differ among the sub-varieties of one Arabic dialect.

AN ANALYSIS OF MORPHEME IN BLACK PANTHER MOVIES: MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACH

This study aims to identify the types of morphemes and the category of the bound morphemes used in Black Panther Movie, the researcher chose to analyze the black panther morpheme because it is interesting, the language in the film is not only English, and the words used are simple. Has a complex and compelling storyline. The film then shone at the Oscars because many people enjoyed it and wanted to see it. And, when considering the issues and perspectives presented, Black Panther was so successful that it was accepted by the world and received numerous awards. The researchers used observation technique to collect the data by watching the movie, taking notes, and classifying the data into each category. The data then were analyzed qualitatively through three stages, namely data reduction, data display, and verification, after gathering all the data from the Black Panther film, the researchers will choose and simplify the information that will be used in the analysis. The data were be organized and classified into the derivational and inflectional morphemes after the reduction procedure is complete in order to be presented. After completing the processes, the researcher confirmed the data in accordance with the study's objectives and draw conclusions from the already-analyzed data. Categorizing the data into certain types of morphemes is based on Booij, who classified type of morpheme into free morphemes and bound morphemes. Further data classification whether the data is included in free morpheme or bound morpheme is based on Booji, Salzmann, and Yule. This study found 341 free morphemes and 76 bound morphemes in Black Panther Movie, which the number of inflectional morphemes (56 data) are more than derivational morphemes (20 data). Most of the data found in this study are free morphemes, because in the black panther film they talk more about the problems of people who are doing war.

Foreign Language Processing of English Regular and Irregular Past Tense Verbs by Arabic-Speaking EFL Children

Purpose. This paper examines whether irregular past verbs are acquired earlier than regular past verbs by Arabic-speaking EFL children.
 Methods and procedure. Ninety fifth graders were tested using pictures representing 20 regular and 20 irregular past tense verbs through a sentence completion task. An introspective session was conducted with 70 children following the administration of the tests in order to determine the areas of difficulty. 
 Results. The results mainly revealed that there is a statistically significant difference between regular and irregular verbs in favour of regular verbs. This suggests that the children learn regular forms prior to irregular ones contradicting the Natural Order Hypothesis and providing credence to the two Interlanguage strategies, namely, the L2 Overgeneralization of Alternative L2 Category Strategy and L1 Transfer Strategy. The children’s failure to produce the irregular form of the verb can be ascribed to the default system that they rely on, which is the computation system rather than the storage system. Thus, Arabic-speaking EFL children apply regular inflection of -ed whenever their memory fails to produce an irregular verb form.
 Conclusions. This study has demonstrated that Arabic-speaking EFL children do not follow the same sequence of acquisition as that exhibited by first language learners in acquiring the regular and irregular simple past forms. These learners acquire the regular past tense forms prior to the irregular ones contradicting the Natural Order Hypothesis. Due to the lack of irregularities in their first language, these learners apply the regular inflection rule to novel or unfamiliar verbs without sometimes considering the possibility of an existent irregular form that needs to be retrieved from memory. This also provides credence to two Interlanguage strategies, namely, the L2 Overgeneralization of Alternative L2 Category Strategy and L1 Transfer Strategy. More studies that investigate the sequence of acquisition of other types of morphemes by Arabic-speaking EFL children are needed to explore the effect of L1 and other factors such as the learning situation on the acquisition of English morphemes.

Bound Base Morpheme and its Role in Forming Words in Kurdish Language

This study, entitled " bound base morpheme and its role in Kurdish language", is an attempt to introduce the bound base morpheme in Kurdish and to analyze the morphology of the words in which this type of morpheme plays (i.e. the role of the base). The study consists of three sections and follows the method of analytical description.
 The first part is a theoretical section is devoted to the discussion of bases, their characteristics and types of bases, the difference between the bound base and affix, and the role of bound base both for bound root and bound base.
 The second part includes the practical part of the research, in which the role of the bound base morpheme the in Kurdish-language has been investigated, and the words which have been produced are classified and separated according to the type of their products, dictionary categories, and the rule of their construction. The third part is dedicated for the statistics of all the words that the bound base is having role in their forming and construction are shown in charts.
 Finally, the results, the list of sources and the summary of the research were presented in Arabic and English.

The formal heterogeneity of allocutivity

Despite recent growth in formal work on allocutive marking, little work to date has considered the nature of cross-linguistic differences in the syntax of allocutive varieties, and what relationships, if any, exist among them. This paper summarizes recent formal results describing four kinds of variation across allocutive languages: (i) variable root-sensitivity; (ii) variation in allocutive morpheme placement; (iii) differences in allocutive morpheme type; and (iv) variation in interactions with clause typing and complementizers. We propose that the sole formal property unifying allocutive varieties is exponence of addressee features licensed by a silent Addressee DP. We further propose that variation in the properties of allocutive morphemes considered here reflect four principal loci of variation: (i) the position in which the silent Addressee DP may participate in allocutivity; (ii) the variable presence of a projection introducing an allocutive pronoun; (iii) the variable non-silence of a bound allocutive pronoun and/or the head introducing the Addressee DP; and (iv) agreement with other C-field heads. The analysis suggests that allocutivity involves greater formal heterogeneity than has been described previously in the literature. Principal aspects of cross-linguistic variation nevertheless can be modeled in terms of a limited set of formal options elsewhere motivated.