Morning Dew Research Articles

Origins of the seasonal variability of PM2.5 sources in a rural site in Northern France

Air quality in rural areas results from the crossing of aged air masses transported from urban areas with local emissions dominated by agriculture and vegetation. The result is a complex mixture of primary and secondary atmospheric species, coming from varied sources and geographical areas. We implemented a methodology for deconvoluting and determining the geographical origins of the main aerosol sources impacting a typical rural area of northern France. A one-year field campaign was conducted in a rural site located between Paris and Brussels from March 2018 to February 2019. Hourly-based observations of inorganic and organic precursor gases and PM2.5 speciation were collected using on-line instrumentation. The annual PM2.5 concentrations of 12.2 ± 9.23 μg m−3 were explained by four sources extracted through positive matrix factorization analyses: combustion (40.2%), NO3-rich (26.8%), SO4-rich (18%) and mixed aged marine (15%). The combustion and SIA-rich sources drive 85 % of the yearly PM2.5 mass and variability. The combustion factor was most prominent during winter (53.3% of PM2.5 mass) due to high contributions from local and regional transport of biomass burning pollutants (winter OC/EC = 6.0; OC-to-OM factor = 2.05). In summer, it was most likely driven by secondary organic aerosol production and agricultural waste burning events (summer OC/EC = 8.6; OC-to-OM factor = 1.85). Comparing with other regional sites, we observed a strong regional background of carbonaceous particles regardless of the site typology. The SIA fraction is dominated by the NO3-rich source compared to the SO4-rich source. In spring, NO3-rich particles dominate PM2.5 (36.9%) due to intense agricultural activity. The temporal variability is driven by transport processes from the Benelux area in a North-to-South gradient of decreasing concentrations. A minor proportion of the NH4NO3 observed seems to be due to the local effects of morning dew and photochemical oxidation of NO2 in the afternoon. HNO3 appears to be the limiting factor for local NH4NO3 formation. PM2.5 toxicity in rural areas with low population densities should be not only addressed based on mass concentration, but also considering the chemical composition of particles as people from rural environments are exposed to high contributions from biomass burning sources and secondary inorganic aerosols triggered by the NH3 excess.

Art of Failure: Soni Kum’s Morning Dew Project and Diasporic Aesthetics

Abstract To date, one of the first video artworks by and about Zainichi (ethnic Koreans living in Japan), Zainichi artist Soni Kum’s three-channel video work Morning Dew (2020) is based on her interviews with sixteen Zainichi Koreans who went to North Korea during the repatriation project (1959–1984) and came back to Japan, and their descendants. I argue that Morning Dew, deliberately fails to give a coherent Zainichi representation, and in doing so, locates Zainichi experience in a context of the global diaspora, especially through the incongruent video montages on three screens, having animals lead the narrative, and filming the void. Queer imagination of failure helps explain the ways in which Kum’s aesthetic choices and her lived experience intersect. Responsive to the bifurcated gender discourse that threatens the legibility of queer lives, queer failure helps to unveil the structural polarization in identity-based knowledge formation and explicate Kum’s art of failing as a means to convey a portrayal more faithful to the diasporic life of Zainichi Koreans.

Bloodstained flowers and bloodthirsty flies.

This article is a Commentary on Heiduk et al. (2023), 239:1490–1504.

The Representation of Ritual (Im)Purity Through Meteorological Metaphors in Folkloric Language

"The Representation of Ritual (Im)Purity through Meteorological Metaphors in Folkloric Language. For the mythical-magical thinking of archaic and traditional communities, ritualistic purity represents a fundamental dimension of the entire universe, most often linguistically expressed through a reference to its antinomian pair, with the help of the clean-unclean opposition. According to the degree of contamination with various impure things, such as the multitude of good and evil spirits that populated the world, both space and time were qualitatively differentiated in good places and bad places, good hours and evil hours. People themselves had, in turn, to fulfil this condition of ritual purity, before beginning an important activity. If they were not pure from this point of view, they would be unsuccessful whether it was about working in the fields, going to church, or travelling somewhere. However, these metaphors from folkloric language, long discussed in Romanian ethnological literature, will be invoked only as points of reference in our study, since we intend to closely analyse here some of the least investigated meteorological metaphors, such as morning dew, mist, clouds and rainbow. We consider that they too deserve close attention, considering that a person, as a passing being, is represented in many folkloric creations as a forever wanderer, who begins their path With morning dew on your feet/With mist on your back. Starting from the image of the bathed person and, thus, purified by the morning dew, but burdened by the thick, impure mist that they symbolically carry on their back, we will attempt to remake the imaginary scheme that connects the pure and the impure in the archaic mentality, a scheme organised not after the principle of antithesis, but of the ambivalence specific to symbolic logic. Keywords: pure, impure, morning dew, mist, cloud, hail, dragon, silver, rain, rainbow "

Influence of weather variables on the incidence and development of rice leaf blast (Magnaporthe oryzae)​

Rice is the second largest grown cereal crop in the world and the most consumed main staple meal. The devastating nature of rice blast disease has resulted in large annual losses. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted at Paddy Breeding Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during Rabi seasons of 2018-19, 2019-20, 2020-21, and 2021-22, with the objective to investigate the possible role of weather variables on rice leaf blast. Research analysis performed through correlation and decision tree analysis was carried under R studio to study the relation between weather parameters and per cent disease index (PDI) of leaf blast. The results revealed that, morning dew point temperature (X4, r = 0.69** and 0.67**) and minimum temperature (X2, r = 0.68** and 0.65**) had higher negative correlation both in real time and in one week lead time (LT1W) respectively. Further, the decision tree analysis showed the combination of rainfall of 5.9 mm and minimum temperature less than 22.6 ºC helped achieve disease incidence of greater than 80 per cent. Thus, the occurrence and development of leaf blast are significantly influenced by the minimum temperature and dew point temperature with drizzling rainfall, and these weather variables can be employed for weather-based disease forewarning against rice leaf blast.

Honey Quality and Microplastic Migration from Food Packaging: A Potential Threat for Consumer Health?

In ancient Greece, people said that “honey is the Food of the Gods”, and they were right. They believed that honey fell from the sky, with the morning dew, on the flowers and leaves, and from this point, the bees collected it. Honey is one of the most nutritious food products, which can be found in most homes. A lot of honey products are stored in different types of packaging materials, including plastics. Plastic packaging has been studied for the migration of plasticizers, chemical compounds, and MPs and NPs in foodstuffs. Most of them have been achieved through food simulations, while some studies managed to detect and isolate MPs/NPs. Recent studies presented evidence for the presence of MPs/NPs in honey products but not directly connected to food packaging or to the different types of honey and their properties (viscosity, pH value, and moisture content) or their storing conditions (temperature, humidity, light, and time). Spectroscopic and analytical techniques like Raman, FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS are in the foreground for MP/NP detection and identification, but a universal way of isolation, detection, characterization, and quantification has not yet been found. This leaves an open field for more work to be done to clarify the factors affecting the migration of plastic packaging material in honey.

Determining the Evolution of Galvanic Corrosion in a Complex Geometry

In aerospace structures, the balance between strength and weight is vital to maintain. Dissimilar alloys are often employed to build individual components which, when put together, create a structure achieving the optimized properties. In particular, aluminum alloys have a very high strength-to-weight ratio which makes them ideal for structural components, while stainless steel is often used for hardware, such as fasteners and washers, which holds the aluminum components together [1]. On their own, both aluminum and stainless steels form a passive oxide film which increases their resistance to corrosion. However, when in the presence of an electrolyte, such as a light rain or morning dew, a possibility of galvanic corrosion between the dissimilar metals is present. In the scenario above, stainless steel would act as the cathode, consuming electrons, and the aluminum alloy would act as the anode, releasing electrons and dissolved metal ions.The surface of the aluminum alloy is generally painted with a pretreatment, primer, and topcoat to limit exposure of the bare metal to the environment, thereby decreasing the probability of corrosion. However, the layers of surface coating are often scratched off from mechanical or external damage, leaving the aluminum alloy susceptible to galvanic corrosion. Surface scratches can provide a pathway for an electrolyte into the fastener hole, if no sealant was used in installing the fasteners. Furthermore, an occluded cell is formed between the fastener and panel, which can lead to a build-up of aggressive species and further exacerbate the galvanic corrosion. Previous work has determined how severe corrosion within this occluded region can be, with intergranular corrosion sites up to 2mm in length seen after exposure of 504 hours in an accelerated salt spray environment [2].From a structural perspective, corrosion damage within the fastener hole has much larger implications for cracking than corrosion damage occurring on the surface of the panel. The geometry of the fastener hole is a stress concentrator, which localized corrosion can promote by acting as a nucleation site for cracks [3]–[5]. Conversely, the surface of the panel has no stress concentrators, and the exposed surface makes early detection of corrosion damage feasible.Determining when the fastener hole is most susceptible to corrosion damage is of upmost importance, from a practical standpoint. In this work, finite element modeling is used to determine under what scenarios will the majority of predicted damage be within the fastener hole (worst-case) or on the surface of the panel (best-case). External factors, such as the scribe dimensions, and environmental factors, such as the water layer thickness, will be investigated. In particular, the impact of water layer thicknesses beyond the natural convection boundary layer thickness are considered. Time-dependent studies shed light on a potential transition time between damage concentrating on the surface vs. concentrating within the fastener hole. The time-dependent model will include pH-dependent boundary conditions to simulate the crevice environment. The calculated pH profile along the complex geometry will be compared with experimental results via pH probes in a crevice.[1] C. A. Matzdorf, W. C. Nickerson, B. C. Rincon Tronconis, G. S. Frankel, L. Li, and R. G. Buchheit, “Galvanic test panels for accelerated corrosion testing of coated al alloys: Part 1 - Concept,” Corrosion, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 1240–1246, 2013.[2] R. S. Marshall, R. Kelly, A. Goff, and C. Sprinkle, “Galvanic Corrosion Between Coated Al Alloy Plate and Stainless Steel Fasteners, Part 1: FEM Model Development and Validation,” Corrosion, vol. 75, no. 12, pp. 1461–1473, 2019.[3] M. D. Mcmurtrey, D. Bae, and J. T. Burns, “Fracture mechanics modelling of constant and variable amplitude fatigue behaviour of field corroded 7075-T6511 aluminium,” Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 2016.[4] J. T. Burns, J. M. Larsen, and R. P. Gangloff, “Effect of initiation feature on microstructure-scale fatigue crack propagation in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu,” Int. J. Fatigue, vol. 42, pp. 104–121, 2012.[5] J. T. Burns, J. M. Larsen, and R. P. Gangloff, “Driving forces for localized corrosion‐to‐fatigue crack transition in Al–Zn–Mg–Cu,” Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 745–773, 2011.

How Frost Forms and Grows on Lubricated Micro- and Nanostructured Surfaces.

Frost is ubiquitously observed in nature whenever warmer and more humid air encounters colder than melting point surfaces (e.g., morning dew frosting). However, frost formation is problematic as it damages infrastructure, roads, crops, and the efficient operation of industrial equipment (i.e., heat exchangers, cooling fins). While lubricant-infused surfaces offer promising antifrosting properties, underlying mechanisms of frost formation and its consequential effect on frost-to-surface dynamics remain elusive. Here, we monitor the dynamics of condensation frosting on micro- and hierarchically structured surfaces (the latter combines micro- with nano- features) infused with lubricant, temporally and spatially resolved using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The growth dynamics of water droplets differs for micro- and hierarchically structured surfaces, by hindered drop coalescence on the hierarchical ones. However, the growth and propagation of frost dendrites follow the same scaling on both surface types. Frost propagation is accompanied by a reorganization of the lubricant thin film. We numerically quantify the experimentally observed flow profile using an asymptotic long-wave model. Our results reveal that lubricant reorganization is governed by two distinct driving mechanisms, namely: (1) frost propagation speed and (2) frost dendrite morphology. These in-depth insights into the coupling between lubricant flow and frost formation/propagation enable an improved control over frosting by adjusting the design and features of the surface.

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH: CANONS AND IMPROVISATIONS

The author of the article considers the problem of interaction of historian and method in the Ukrainian historiographical field in modern conditions of unprecedented expansion of authorial freedoms. Uncertainty about “how we write history” has not yet been overcome. The dissertations of young authors contain such shortcomings as declarative and pointless presentation of the methods of their research, irresponsible juggling of such “fashionable” names as “comparative analysis”, “prosopography”, “oral history”, “everyday history”. The author notes that research technologies, including methods, are not something that has always been in Clio’s box. Technology arises as a result of the desire of historians to be successful, to realize their curiosity, their abilities, their ambitions. He analyzes specific examples of innovative research and shows the specifics and effectiveness of methods such as microanalysis, rich description, oral history, prosopography. He points to the distinct specificity of methods such as psychoanalysis and mathematical methods, so they are an example of a substantive understanding of the method as a research technology. The article shows that the history of everyday life has acquired citizenship rights in Ukrainian historiography since the late 1990s. The publications of the last few years provide the necessary material to see the difference between traditional historiography and the technology of everyday history on the examples of specific research, as well as to understand how this magic works when the essence emerges “from the little things”. After all, these are special little things. Thanks to the talent of the historian, they reflect the whole world like drops of morning dew. As a result, the author reminds that today not only “truth” but also “technique of execution” is important. Not only deep positions, original statements, but also witty tools, elegant course of thought, rich language, demanding style are components of success.

A Study on the Location of the Cathode in Galvanic-Induced Crevice Corrosion

Fastener-in-panel systems are commonly used in aerospace construction. The geometries are very complicated, especially in the context of corrosion. Generally, fasteners are made of more noble materials, such as stainless steels, due to their good mechanical properties. Panels can represent the structural components of an aircraft, which are generally built with aluminum alloys, due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. The combination of these two metals when in electrolytic contact, as could occur from a light rain or morning dew, makes the system susceptible to galvanic corrosion. The fastener also forms an occluded region within the panel, adding in the possibility of crevice corrosion. Furthermore, aircraft are often exposed to cyclic wet and dry environments, leading to an atmospheric water layer which can exacerbate corrosion.The complicated and interacting mechanisms involved in the fastener/panel design have been investigated through finite element modeling (FEM) in this work. FEM has been advancing in recent years, and specifically has become a useful tool in studying galvanic corrosion [1]. The complexities surrounding a fastener-in-panel system are difficult to isolate individually experimentally. Modeling allows deconvolution of the specific parameters, efficiently assessing the effects and isolating changes in parameters in a way that is not possible experimentally.Previous work has compared experimental analysis with FEM in a large-scale fastener geometry [2]. This paper describes a similar investigation, with a more prominent focus on the fastener hole. Specifically, galvanic-induced crevice corrosion was studied in order to determine which location on the cathode was producing the main driving force. Therefore, the geometry was representative of a cross-section of one fastener installed in a panel, in order to negate the interaction of multiple fasteners. Knowledge of the location driving the cathodic reactions would aid in finding mitigation strategies for crevice corrosion, such as whether coating the head of the fastener or the shaft of the fastener is more important.Different locations of the active cathode were tested systematically, such as variations between an inert fastener shaft (that is, the crevice former) or an active shaft coupled with an inert or active fastener head. The transport of aluminum ions was tracked within the model as well. Both steady-state and time-dependent models are described, in order to determine if the cathode inside of the fastener hole acts as a driving force before being stifled through the production of hydroxyl.SS316 and AA7075 are the materials of focus for the fastener and panel, respectively. SS316 has been shown to form a severe galvanic couple with AA7075 [3], leading to the formation of intergranular corrosion fissures of 2mm in length inside of the fastener hole [2]. A sol-gel coated SS316 fastener was also investigated, to determine the level of mitigation achieved. Boundary conditions for these materials were generated experimentally, through potentiodynamic scans.[1] C. Liu and R. G. Kelly, “A Review of the Application of Finite Element Method (FEM) to Localized Corrosion Modeling,” CORROSION, 2019.[2] R. S. Marshall, R. Kelly, A. Goff, and C. Sprinkle, “Galvanic Corrosion Between Coated Al Alloy Plate and Stainless Steel Fasteners, Part 1: FEM Model Development and Validation,” Corrosion, vol. 75, no. 12, pp. 1461–1473, 2019.[3] C. A. Matzdorf, W. C. Nickerson, B. C. Rincon Tronconis, G. S. Frankel, L. Li, and R. G. Buchheit, “Galvanic test panels for accelerated corrosion testing of coated al alloys: Part 1 - Concept,” Corrosion, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 1240–1246, 2013.

Accuracy of NDVI-derived corn yield predictions is impacted by time of sensing

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data derived from cameras mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or from tractor-mounted sensors have the potential to aid in quick and accurate decision making for fertility management of corn (Zea mays L.). However, timing of sensing can impact the accuracy of yield predictions and hence nutrient need assessment. In this study the accuracy of yield predictions derived from NDVI data for corn silage and grain was evaluated using (a) an active sensor (GreenSeeker; handheld unit), and (b) a passive sensor (UAV-mounted camera). Two types of replicated trials were conducted in central New York: (a) N rate studies with N applied at V6 at rates ranging from 0 kg N ha−1 to 336 kg N ha−1 (2016, 2017, and 2018); and (b) timing of N application studies, with N applied at V4, V6, V8 or V10 (2017 and 2018). For each of the trials conducted in 2017 and 2018, the crop was sensed and NDVI was determined weekly from V4 through V12. An additional flight was done with the UAV-mounted camera at R2. In addition, the 2016 N rate study and timing of sidedress study in 2018 were sensed at V10 (single day) from 7 am through 5 pm on 2-hour intervals. Results showed that crop growth stage and timing of N application affected the accuracy of yield predictions. Scans within 2 weeks of sidedressing did not result in accurate yield predictions, independent of sensor type. Best yield estimates were obtained with a UAV-mounted camera late in the season (R2 growth stage). For in-season N management, a low-rate (<30 kg N ha−1) starter N application is recommended. Sensing must be delayed until just after initial N deficiencies become visible. Sidedressing at V10 still resulted in a yield increase beyond yields with starter N only, but if such late applications are done, accurate estimates of yield based on NDVI can only be obtained with sensing a second time after V12. Due to the reaction of corn plants to water stress, timing of sensing within a day showed the best yield predictions between 9 and 11 am and at 5 pm, independent of sensor used. For most accurate yield predictions, we recommend scanning between V12 and R2, avoiding early morning (dew) and mid-day hours (1–3 pm) if water stress in the crop is evident.

Joy

Joy Na Ye (bio) Translated by Ming Di (bio) How trustworthy this ancient flame,these potatoes with fresh mud, these cabbages,the steam from the hot bread,the frost on the radishes. Now, I'm no longer a strangerto myself,nor is life elsewhere. I'm tasting what the Buddhist Scripture says: joy. The sunflower on my apron twists my body like love.How are you, my old sun? As good as you were in the Agrarian Age?These wisps of smoke came from whose eyes? I don't like the brisk new age, sun.And this room keeping pace with the world. . . A gusting echo in the morning dew and my sweat—I lovemy old kitchen that smelled like a farmwith an empty bottle at dusk—I love the me that sat still on a small stool. [End Page 83] Na Ye Na Ye 娜夜 is an ethnic Manchu poet. Her family was from Niaoning province, northeast China, but she grew up in western China. After graduating from Nanjing University, she became a journalist in Lanzhou city, Gansu province. Ming Di Ming Di 明迪 is a Chinese poet based in the U.S. She attended Boston College and Boston University, where she taught Chinese. She has published six books of poetry in Chinese along with a collaborative translation, River Merchant's Wife (2012). She co-translated The Book of Cranes by Zang Di (2015) with Neil Aitken, and Empty Chairs: Selected Poems by Liu Xia (2015) with Jennifer Stern, which was a finalist for the 2016 Best Translation Book Award. She edited and co-translated New Cathay: Contemporary Chinese Poetry (2013) and New Poetry from China 1917–2017 (2019). In 2013 and 2014, she received Henry Luce Foundation fellowships. A co-founder of Poetry East West journal, she serves as the China editor for Poetry International Rotterdam. She has also translates from English into Chinese, most recently Observations by Marianne Moore (2018). Copyright © 2019 University of Hawaiʿi Press

Use of cotinine biomarker in workers to detect green tobacco sickness.

Objective using the urinary cotinine biomarker to verify the occurrence of green tobacco sickness in workers who cultivate Burley tobacco.Method paired case-control study, based on smoking status and on the 1:4 ratio, with participation of 20 case workers and 91 controls. Data collection included household surveys and urine collection for cotinine examination. Student’s T-Test, the Mann-Whitney test, Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used.Results of the 23 suspected cases, 20 showed elevated levels of cotinine, signs and symptoms of headache, skin irritation, nausea, sickness and general malaise, especially in the morning. Most had worked with tobacco that was wet from the morning dew and when the weather was warm.Conclusion there are signs suggestive of green tobacco sickness in Burley tobacco workers. The action of health professionals is necessary for the development of health promotion and preventive actions addressing work-related illness.

Underground

Underground Dilruba Ahmed (bio) Don't say face of the moon, not voice like morning dew. Instead, say hookin-the-tongue, try barb-in-the-flesh, say knife-in-the-wound.They are turning their locksto paint their faces and their daughters' faces. They look on as the girls regardtheir eyes in mirrors, in the long cracked mirror of history, and war. They paint themselves into existenceinside the shuttered rooms of their hearts, where freedom still bristles. They are stripping veilsfrom their faces and letting loose their glossy hair. They are singing with their daughters, firstsoftly, and then loudly, in unison. They have taken their girls underground. They open battered booksto teach them letters and words that may save them. Some shave their daughters' locks so the girls mightwalk a different route each day with cracked books tucked into bags of apricots. They prepare for the minutes apart,the hours. They wait for what seems days, months, years. But first they kiss, they embrace.They take one last look at each face. [End Page 191] Dilruba Ahmed Dilruba Ahmed's book, Dhaka Dust (Graywolf Press, 2011), won the Bakeless Prize. Her poems have appeared in Alaska Quarterly Review, American Poetry Review, Kenyon Review, PEN America, Poetry, Smartish Pace, and elsewhere. Ahmed is the recipient of Florida Review's Editors' Award, a Dorothy Sargent Rosenberg Memorial Prize, and the Katharine Bakeless Nason Fellowship in Poetry from the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference. She holds degrees from the University of Pittsburgh and Warren Wilson College's MFA Program for Writers. Copyright © 2018 Middlebury College Publications

Key biological factors related to outcrossing-productivity of cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile lines in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Soybean scientists in China have tried to utilize heterosis for yield enhancement. A number of cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile (CMS) lines, their maintainers and restorers were developed, but the commercialized hybrid seed production is still a bottleneck. Five soybean CMS lines with their maintainers and restorers were studied for the sufficiency of viable and effective pollens from maintainers/restorers, the natural insect pollinators in fields and outcrossing capacity of CMS lines. The results showed that the maintainers/restorers may offer viable pollens during the flowering day time in Nanjing and Taiyuan (germination rate 77.8–86.5%). But the morning dew causes pollens losing effectiveness in Nanjing, while normal in Taiyuan, indicating the location and planting season without morning dew is a key for CMS/hybrid seed production. In CMS fields in Taiyuan, the major insect pollinators composed of China bee (54.3%), Mellifera bee (11.3%), Northern-cutting bee (6.0%), Corn belt hair bee (1.5%), etc. A parallel trend between insect number and flower nectar amount in a day with peak time at 12:00–13:00 implied the soybean nectar attracting the insects. The outcrossing pod-set rate of CMS lines in net-room with artificial-raised bees, net-room without bees and open-field with enhanced natural insects was 57.8, 2.1 and 47.3%, respectively, indicating that insect pollination is necessary. The realized outcrossing pod-set rate in seed production field achieved 88.9% (1460.4 kg/ha) for SXJLCMS1A × SXJLCMS1B and 145.2% (1829.5 kg/ha) for SXCMS1A × JY-31, different outcrossing capacity existed among CMS lines. Thus the CMS/hybrid seed production can be improved through optimizing the pollen effectiveness, pollinator population and talented CMS line.

Rehydrating dye sensitized solar cells

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are silicon free, simply producible solar cells. Longevity, however, is a longstanding problem for DSSCs. Due to liquid electrolytes being commonly used, evaporation of the electrolyte causes a dramatic drop in electric output as cells continue to be used unmaintained. Stopping evaporation has been tried in different ways in the past, albeit with differing degrees of success. In a recent project, a different route was chosen, exploring ways of revitalizing DSSCs after varying periods of usage. For this, we focused on rehydration of the cells using distilled water as well as the electrolyte contained in the cells. The results show a significant influence of these rehydration procedures on the solar cell efficiency. In possible applications of DSSCs in tents etc., morning dew may thus be used for rehydration of solar cells. Refillable DSSCs can also be used in tropical climates or specific types of farms and greenhouses where high humidity serves the purpose of rehydrating DSSCs.

How to Make Language Lawless

How to Make Language Lawless* Ching-In Chen (bio) Bee builds sooty words poem as fungus waits outside jammed legislative talk therapies for a microphone grab Bee and Cook meet late-night belly pressure infects thunder resting against rusty jukebox playing only one song I hate twanky Bob Dylan, tries Cook, watching Bee's glint fading into storm. Bee, a late shift sweater by a tardy bus, re-arranging Cook, Dylan, customers. Puzzling out excessive monster wall. sting of pepper if bridge between lyric and story Next-day Cook sears through future's mistaken wine drinking spreads each caught between bodiless sea and cracked fired house desiccated letter to maximum though poets generally known for closet space and terminator slash when Bee arrives at counter generously slabbing cabinet with sticky words Cook lean again twinkly cash register dispense cake and salt brews sometime tea saves firelight if morning ritual and fable dwells soft tissue, in nerves of a bee grows a poem by building a wall. Very much like a paragraph of future—could be smoke, melody, but nonetheless wall of word, sold by all churches thick layer excreted by morning dew Bee traps Cook's tiny hairs, itchy fingers, broadbean smile in the wall. Surrounds each paragraph with small direction moat. A base build up through fire and terror. Each layer hesitates to turn corner, to set stone, trap mouse, forward deadline to waiting eyes. Not a safe then, not a cozy then. Dear reader, in the future burn out church unfurl script, plant in the future pavements taint rainbow mouthpieces questions by each in the future graft love from body box amplifier. In the future her growth derive from witchy pills All you'll see of us remains residue. [End Page 258] Ching-In Chen CHING-IN CHEN is the author of The Heart's Traffic (2009) and recombinant (2017) as well as co-editor of The Revolution Starts at Home: Confronting Intimate Violence Within Activist Communities (2016). A Kundiman, Lambda, Callaloo and The Watering Hole Fellow, they are part of the Macondo and Voices of Our Nations Arts Foundation writing communities. Their work has appeared in The Best American Experimental Writing, The & NOW Awards 3: The Best Innovative Writing, and Troubling the Line: Trans and Genderqueer Poetry and Poetics. They are senior editor of The Conversant and currently teach creative writing and world literature at Sam Houston State University. www.chinginchen.com Notes *The title taken from a phrase spoken during the Pink Door Fall Retreat 2017, a writing gathering for women and genderqueer writers of color organized by Rachel McKibbens. I first encountered the idea of the poem as fungus from Kimiko Hahn's thinking on the zuihitsu poetic form. Some words borrowed from Cassie Nicholson. Copyright © 2017 Johns Hopkins University Press

InDRC 2015 – The Tradition of Drosophila Research in India has Attained a Critical Mass

Drosophila, the dew flies, are so named because of the buzz of these nearly invisible insects encountered during a walk on the early morning dew covered grass. They feed on fermented organic matter, fruits and vegetables, and, therefore are also called fruit flies. They are found almost all over the tropics and subtropics. A chance encounter followed by a systematic research by pioneers, Thomas Hunt Morgan and his colleagues, in the ‘Fly Room’ of Columbia University, during the early 20th Century has made a particular species of the Mediterranean fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, the darling of nearly 7000 laboratories worldwide. These flies are now literally buzzing around the world, jet-setting the pace of biological research in a broad variety of wideranging topics evolution, genetics, cell and developmental biology, neurobiology and many others. The underlying causes of a variety of human diseases are also studied in these insects to fast-track the discovery of underlying factors and possible cures.

Anioł pocieszenia o oczach szklistych jak czereśnie. Jerzy Liebert w świetle wspomnień i krytyki literackiej Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza

Anioł pocieszenia o oczach szklistych jak czereśnie. Jerzy Liebert w świetle wspomnień i krytyki literackiej Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza

Impact of Continuous Cropping on the Diurnal Range of Dew Point Temperature during the Foliar Expansion Period of Annual Crops on the Canadian Prairies

It is important to increase our knowledge of the role of land use in changing the regional climate. This study asked, “Has the increase in continuous cropping over the past 50 years on the Canadian Prairies influenced the daily mean and range of morning dew point temperatures(Td)during the foliar expansion period (from mid-June to mid-July) of annual field crops?” We found that there has been a general increase in the decadal average of mean dailyTdand in the range of morningTdfrom the 1960s to the 2000s. The increase in the observed range ofTdbetween the daily minimum value, which typically occurs near sunrise, and the late morning peak was found to be related to the increase in annual crop acreage and consequent decrease in summerfallow area. The relationship was more significant in the subhumid climatic zone than in the semiarid climatic zone, and it was influenced by whether the region was experiencing either wet, normal, or dry conditions.