Morbidity In General Population Research Articles

The dynamic and structural indicators of population morbidity of diseases of skin and subcutaneous fat: the scientific review

The diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue represent consist medical and social problem due to their high prevalence. In the case of chronic course, dermatosis result in long-term temporary incapacity for work, disability and deterioration of quality of life of patients. The purpose of the study was based on analysis of scientific publications to assess level, structure and dynamics of morbidity of population, territorial features of prevalence of diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue and risk factors for their occurrence. The scientific review of studies in Russian and English was carried out using information portals and platforms eLIBRARY.ru, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for the period 2010-2022. The selection included 47 publications that assessed levels of primary and general morbidity of population with diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue and its dynamics over certain periods of time, as well as territorial features of prevalence of these diseases in the Russian Federation and risk factors of development of skin diseases. Many studies demonstrated decreasing in primary and general morbidity of population with diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue. The rate of decreasing was more pronounced in 2018-2022. The level of primary and general morbidity differs significantly by Okrugs and Subjects of the Russian Federation, including particular nosologies. It is determined that there is wide spread of incidence rates across territories. The large proportion of publications reflects prevalence of psoriasis in population. The authors proposed measures of to improve registration of skin diseases and to decrease corresponding morbidity of population.

Quantification of mortality and morbidity in general population of heavily-industrialized city of Abadan: Effect of long-term exposure

Introduction: In the 21st century, air pollution has become a global and environmental challenge. The increase in cases of illness and mortality due to air pollution is not hidden from anyone. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the mortality rate due to cause by air pollution agents (PM2.5) in the southernmost city of Khuzestan province (Abadan city) at 2018-2019. Materials and methods: To estimate the mortality duo to air pollution, data related to PM2.5 particles daily concentrations was received from the Abadan Environmental Protection Organization. The average 24-h concentrations of PM2.5 were calculated using Excel. Then, mortality data were obtained from the Vice Chancellor for Health, Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Finally, by AirQ+ software, each of the mortality in 2018-2019 in Abadan was estimated. Results: The obtained data indicated that the concentration of PM2.5 particles within the one-year period was higher than the value set by WHO guideline and EPA standard. Which caused the citizens of Abadan to be exposed to PM2.5 more than 8.23 times than the guidelines of the WHO and 5.34 times more than the standard of the EPA. The output of the model used in this study was as follows: natural mortality (462 cases, AP: 38.25%), mortality duo to LC (6 cases, AP: 32.18%), mortality duo to COPD (8 cases, AP: 26.64%), mortality duo to Stroke (86 cases, AP: 71.26%), mortality duo to IHD (183 cases, AP: 68.34%) and mortality duo to ALRI (2 cases, AP: 32.9%). Conclusion: Planning appropriate strategies of air pollution control to reduce exposure and attributable mortalities is important and necessary.

Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with increased sirtuin level in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients

ABSTRACTBackground: Arterial hypertension is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in general population. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has diverse anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, and anti-apopytosis effects on endothelium and is associated with endothelial aging and dysfunction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation of serum SIRT1 level with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients.Methods: One hundered and twenty-five consecutive, newly diagnosed hypertensive patients were divided into two groups with regard to presence of LVH and compared to 40 healthy control subjects. LVH was determined by transthoracic echocardiography using the cube formula. Serum SIRT1 level was analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Serum SIRT1 level was significantly higher in patients with LVH compared to those without LVH (14.3 ± 3.9 ng/ml vs. 7.9 ± 3.6 ng/ml, ​P < 0.001) and healthy control subjects (14.3 ± 3.9 ng/ml vs 6.6 ± 2.0 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed higher serum SIRT1 level independently predicted LVH in hypertensive patients (OR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.30–1.73; P < 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated a cutoff value of 9.4 had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 74% for the prediction of LVH (AUC 0.885; 95% CI, 0.815–0.935; ​P < 0.0001).Conclusion: SIRT1 was a powerful biomarker for predicting LVH in hypertensive patients.

Sinusitis in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation – a review

IntroductionSinusitis is a common morbidity in general population, however little is known about its occurrence in severely immunocompromised patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to analyze the literature concerning sinusitis in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. MethodsAn electronic database search was performed with the objective of identifying all original trials examining sinusitis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. The search was limited to English-language publications. ResultsTwenty five studies, published between 1985 and 2015 were identified, none of them being a randomized clinical trial. They reported on 31–955 patients, discussing different issues i.e. value of pretransplant sinonasal evaluation and its impact on post-transplant morbidity and mortality, treatment, risk factors analysis. ConclusionResults from analyzed studies yielded inconsistent results. Nevertheless, some recommendations for good practice could be made. First, it seems advisable to screen all patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with Computed Tomography (CT) prior to procedure. Second, patients with symptoms of sinusitis should be treated before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), preferably with conservative medical approach. Third, patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be monitored closely for sinusitis, especially in the early period after transplantation.

Atrial electromechanical delay and left atrial mechanical functions in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients.

Left atrium (LA) mechanical functions and atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) times were considered independent predictors of cardiovascular morbidity in general population. Data are scant about these parameters in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). We aimed to evaluate AEMD times and LA mechanical functions and associated risk factors in HD and PD patients. Forty-four healthy individuals, 62 HD and 50 PD patients were enrolled in the study. Echocardiography was performed before midweek dialysis session for HD patients and on admission for PD patients. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Spearman's test was used to assess linear associations. Predictors of left intra-atrial EMD time and LA active emptying volume (LAaeV) were assessed by regression analysis. Left intra-atrial-AEMD times were significantly longer in HD patients compared to PD patients. LAaeV was positively correlated with inter-atrial time, left intra-atrial time, systolic and diastolic BP, calcium and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (r 0.22, p 0.016; r 0.28, p 0.002; r 0.34, p < 0.001; r 0.35, p < 0.001; r 0.37, p < 0.001; r 0.46, p < 0.001, respectively) and negatively correlated with serum uric acid (r -0.31, p 0.013) in ESRD patients. We found positive correlations between left intra-atrial time and LAaeV, LAVmax, LAVp and NLR (r 0.28, p 0.002; r 0.27, p 0.003; r 0.27, p 0.003; r 0.22, p 0.03, respectively) and negative correlations with albumin, uric acid and potassium (r -0.24, p 0.008; r -0.19, p 0.04; r -0.26, p 0.037, respectively). Advanced age, decreased serum albumin and increased NLR were found to be independent predictors of LAaeV; however, only NLR was found to be an independent predictor of AEMD time in this population. Increased inflammation might be a risk factor of AEMD and LA mechanical dysfunction in ESRD patients.

H1N1 Infection among Egyptian Renal Transplant Recipients

Background: Pandemic H1N1 infection has been associated with significant morbidity in general population. Immuno compromised transplanted patients are one of at risk groups. Handling of immunosuppressive drugs in such population was not discussed in details in literatures. Patients M 21 patients were admitted and isolated due to pneumonia, bronchitis, gastroenteritis and or shock while the other 4 patients treated on outpatient basis. Results: Twelve cases suffered from respiratory symptoms; six cases suffered from H1N1 pneumonia, while other 6 cases suffered from acute bronchitis. The other 13 admitted patients suffered from gastroenteritis, high fever and or shock. Twenty-three out of 25 RTR showed dramatic response to oseltamivir, high grade fever resolved 1-2 days after initiation of the antiviral drug. Most of patients discharged to home 4-6 days after admission. Conclusion: Early clinical suspicion and starting oseltamivir immediately upon clinical suspicion is to decrease the morbidity and mortality. Doubling the dose, extension of duration of treatment and reduction of immunosuppressive drugs (when indicated) are the keys for successful management of H1N1 infection in RTR.

Endothelial Repair in Diabetes: The Causative Role of Progenitor Cells Dysfunction?

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a leading cause of premature cardiovascular (CV) mortality and morbidity in general population and in individuals with known CV disease. Recent animal and clinical studies have shown that reduced number and weak function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may not only indicate to higher CV risk, but contribute to the impaired heart and vessels reparation in patients with DM. Moreover, EPCs having a protective impact on the vasculature may mediate the functioning of other organs and systems. EPCs dysfunction is probably promising target for DM treatment strategy, while the role of restoring of EPCs number and functionality in CV risk diminish and reduce of DM-related complications is not fully clear. The aim of the short commentary: to elucidate the causative role of EPCs dysfunction in DM patients.

Asma potencialmente fatal y disfunción de cuerdas vocales en paciente con estrés psicosocial como posible desencadenante de crisis asmáticas

Los trastornos psiquiátricos son causas frecuentes de morbilidad en la población general, y su asociación con enfermedades orgánicas, entre ellas las patologías pulmonares, es frecuente. La relación entre las enfermedades mentales y dichas patologías puede desencadenar mala adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico, así como mayor uso de medicamentos controladores y aliviadores. El caso que se publica muestra la asociación entre asma potencialmente fatal con disfunción de cuerdas vocales, en donde el componente psicosocial personal podría desencadenar exacerbaciones severas con gran morbilidad para la paciente, deterioro en su calidad de vida y requerimiento de terapia farmacológica agresiva. Por esto es vital reconocer estos factores de estrés para iniciar una terapia integral, a fin de lograr mayor adherencia al tratamiento, disminuir las exacerbaciones y hospitalizaciones y evitar el escalonamiento terapéutico.

Antibiogram of Urinary Escherichia coli isolated in Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infectious diseases &amp; an important cause of morbidity in general population. More than 90% of all uncomplicated UTI s are caused by Esch. coli infection. The study was carried out in Department of Microbiology of Sir Salimullah Medical College &amp; Mitford Hospital (SSMC&amp; MH) Dhaka from October 2002 to September 2003. A total of 749 urine samples were studied of which 414 (55.27) showed significant growth. Among the 414 isolates, E sch. coli was the most predominant (82.61%) organism. Esch. coli was highly sensitive to Imipenem (95.02%) followed by Ceftriaxone (86.84%), Cefuroxime (67.54%), Gentamicin (66.08%), and Ceftazidime (55.84%) respectively. Low sensitivity patterns were shown against Nitrofurantoin (44.73%) &amp; Ciprofloxacin (40.64%). The sensitivity to other antibiotics varied from 23.39% to as low as 2.63%. The aim of the present study was to observe the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated Esch. coli from urine samples of patients admitted in inpatient department or visited the out patient department of Sir Salimullah Medical College &amp; Mitford Hospital (SSMC&amp; MH) Dhaka.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i2.16934 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (02): 23-26

Heart Rate – An Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factor

The development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is usually caused by multiple risk factors, which interact to produce an individuals total CVD risk. Therefore the guidelines on the prevention of CVD recommend the preventive measures be based on individual’s levels of total CVD risk so that the most intensive risk factor management can be directed towards those at highest risk. Elevated resting heart rate is a known independent cardiovascular risk factor but is not included in any risk estimating system-Coronary risk chart or SCORE(Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation).which are used for estimation of individuals 10 year risk of a CVD event based on gender, age, total cholesterol, smoking status and systolic blood pressure. The findings several epidemiological studies showed an association between elevated heart rate an increased risk of allcause mortality and morbidity in general population, hypertensives, diabetics and those with CAD. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v8i1.11665 University Heart Journal Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2012

Vitamin C and E consumption and coronary heart disease in men

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major source of mortality and morbidity in general population. Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) represent the most important determinant factor in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Oxidative damage and the production of free radicals (FRs) in the endothelium are some of the main factors involved in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic process which causes CVD. Appropriate nutritional practices are of central importance in managing risk and treatment of CVD; indeed, many current guidelines contain nutritional recommendations to reduce the risk of these diseases. In observational studies vitamin C and E, the most prevalent natural antioxidant vitamins, have suggested that supplemental users have lower rate of coronary events. Despite these data, several large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have failed to confirm the benefits for vitamin C and E in cardiovascular (CV) prevention. The aim of this review is to examine the studies published in literature which report the effect of supplementation with antioxidant vitamins (C,E) in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD in men due to atherosclerotic process.

Vitamin C and E consumption and coronary heart disease in men

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major source of mortality and morbidity in general population. Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) represent the most important determinant factor in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Oxidative damage and the production of free radicals (FRs) in the endothelium are some of the main factors involved in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic process which causes CVD. Appropriate nutritional practices are of central importance in managing risk and treatment of CVD; indeed, many current guidelines contain nutritional recommendations to reduce the risk of these diseases. In observational studies vitamin C and E, the most prevalent natural antioxidant vitamins, have suggested that supplemental users have lower rate of coronary events. Despite these data, several large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have failed to confirm the benefits for vitamin C and E in cardiovascular (CV) prevention. The aim of this review is to examine the studies published in literature which report the effect of supplementation with antioxidant vitamins (C,E) in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD in men due to atherosclerotic process.