This study examines the symbolic and cultural meanings of the Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea window-paper cutting from Penglai, Shandong. As a representative work of Shandong folk art, it reflects the region’s integration of myth, belief, and visual expression. The research aims to explore how the visual form, compositional language, and symbolic imagery of this paper-cutting transform a traditional Taoist myth into a meaningful system of visual communication. Using semiotic and iconographic methods, the study analyzes the work’s symbolic structure and semantic content. The eight immortals and related motifs—such as phoenix, cloud, willow, and longevity peach—construct a rich network of visual symbols that express moral virtue, cosmic harmony, and collective blessing. The circular composition and rhythmic arrangement embody the Shandong aesthetic of fullness and balance, translating mythological transcendence into familiar cultural signs. The findings show that this folk paper-cutting converts myth into visual communication through three main processes: symbolic simplification, compositional harmony, and cultural recontextualization. It functions not only as decoration but also as a living medium of belief and moral education. The research highlights how Shandong folk art transforms intangible spiritual heritage into enduring visual language, contributing to the preservation and revitalization of local culture.

The principle of good faith serves as a cornerstone of contract law, ensuring that every agreement is established and executed with honesty, fairness, and integrity. However, in the realm of land sale contracts, the rigid application of legal formalism often obscures substantive justice, allowing transactions performed in bad faith to retain formal validity. This study examines the judicial interpretation of good faith in contrast to formal legality through an in-depth analysis of the East Jakarta District Court Decision No. 575/Pdt.G/2023/PN Jkt.Tim. Using a qualitative normative juridical approach that combines statutory interpretation, conceptual reasoning, and case analysis, this research reveals that the buyer’s deceptive conduct including the use of unfunded giro checks and simulated contracts reflects an abuse of formal legality and the absence of genuine intent. The court’s reasoning reaffirms that good faith functions not merely as a moral virtue but as a corrective legal doctrine that limits the excesses of procedural rigidity. This approach signifies a doctrinal shift from law in books to law in action, emphasizing that legal certainty must coexist with ethical responsibility. Beyond its theoretical contribution, the study underscores the imperative for notaries and land officials to uphold both administrative legality and moral integrity. Accordingly, this research contributes to the reconstruction of Indonesian civil law by positioning good faith as the ethical and corrective foundation for achieving balance between legal certainty and substantive justice.

This study explores the concept of compassion (al-rahmah) in family education based on prophetic hadiths and examines its contribution to childrens mental health. Using a qualitative method with a library research approach, this study analyzes primary hadith sources, classical commentaries, and contemporary psychological literature. The findings identify seven core hadiths that emphasize compassion, gentleness (rifq), physical expressions of affection, age-appropriate moral training, and responsible family leadership (kullukum rain) as fundamental elements of Islamic educational ethics. Interpretations by classical scholars such as An-Nawawi, Al-Ghazali, and Ibn Qayyim demonstrate that compassion is not only a moral virtue but also a structured educational strategy that aligns with modern mental health theories. Compassionate family practices positively influence childrens emotional security, stress regulation, empathy, self-confidence, and long-term psychological resilience. Conversely, a lack of affection increases vulnerability to anxiety, emotional dysregulation, and mental health risks in adulthood. Therefore, family education grounded in Islamic compassion serves as both a religious mandate and a strategic psychological investment to develop mentally healthy, emotionally balanced, and resilient future generations.

This study examines the manifestation of patience as a moral virtue in Winston Groom's novel Forrest Gump through Szutta's (2020) theoretical framework of patience competence. Using qualitative methodology with descriptive analysis, this research investigates how the protagonist exemplifies patience through two core characteristics: perseverance and sincerity. The findings reveal that Forrest's perseverance manifests as sustained determination in overcoming life challenges, particularly evidenced in his shrimp business venture where he persists despite initial failures. Simultaneously, his sincerity appears through selfless actions and unconditional assistance without expectation of reward. The analysis demonstrates that patience in Forrest Gump represents not passive endurance but active competence - a strategic virtue enabling him to navigate bullying, personal loss, and social prejudice while maintaining moral integrity. The integration of perseverance and sincerity transforms his perceived intellectual limitations into extraordinary resilience, positioning patience as a transformative force in human experience. This study contributes to literary psychology by illustrating how virtue theory can illuminate character development while affirming literature's capacity to reflect complex psychological realities.

How Residents Develop Virtues: A Qualitative Longitudinal Study.

Character education is the main foundation in shaping the personality and identity of the nation's children from an early age. This community service activity aims to strengthen national character values ​​through educational films that are engaging and appropriate for children. The program, titled Educational Cinema, uses the film Nussa: "Good is Easy" as a means of learning the moral values ​​and virtues of Pancasila in a simple and enjoyable way. The activity was carried out at Wildanun Kindergarten, Makassar, involving 16 children. The activity was carried out in three stages: preparation, implementation, and reflection. The results of the activity showed an increase in children's understanding of national character values ​​such as religiosity, hard work, curiosity, love of the environment, appreciation of achievement, and social care. Teachers gained new experience in utilizing film media as a learning tool for Pancasila values. This program proves that digital media can be an effective means of instilling national character in the modern era.

ABSTRACT This paper introduces a developmental assessment framework for the Character-Based Games Pedagogy (CBGP) model in Physical Education (PE). Grounded in the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) taxonomy, the framework enables educators to observe, document, and assess students’ character development (specifically intellectual, moral, and civic virtues) within dynamic, embodied, and socially complex PE contexts. It outlines how formative and summative assessment tools can be constructed to capture authentic manifestations of character in situ, rather than relying on anecdotal judgments or decontextualized measures. By aligning character education with the principles of Quality Physical Education (QPE), this paper offers a practical and theoretically robust approach to embedding character learning and assessment within existing programs and units of work, ensuring character is not only taught but meaningfully evaluated.

This paper examines how Progressive Era corporate welfare programs at the Ford Motor Company and the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company (CF&I) functioned as both instruments of reform and mechanisms of control. Between 1890 and 1930, such initiatives extended managerial authority into workers’ domestic and civic lives under the guise of benevolent improvement. By analyzing company records, welfare manuals, and contemporary publications, the study argues that corporate welfare sought to engineer a morally, racially, and civically “fit” industrial citizen. Programs like Ford’s Sociological Department and CF&I’s Sociological Division fused economic reward with behavioral, racial, and gender conformity—linking industrial efficiency to moral virtue and national identity. While these welfare systems provided tangible material benefits, they also reinforced hierarchies of race, gender, and citizenship, embedding exclusion within structures of care. Worker responses—ranging from strategic compliance to subtle resistance—reveal welfare capitalism as a negotiated and contested social order. Ultimately, the paper contends that Progressive Era corporate welfare helped shape a distinct American model of conditional social provision, where access to welfare became tied to employment, discipline, and moral worth rather than universal civic rights.

The rapid advancement of the digital era, marked by the rise of Generation Alpha and the concept of Society 5.0, has challenged educators to reinforce students’ moral and spiritual foundations alongside academic competence. This study explores how entrepreneurship-based learning can be used as a medium to strengthen the Pancasila Student Profile and the Rahmatan lil ‘Alamin values among elementary students. Using a qualitative case study design, the research was conducted at MIN 9 Blitar, involving the principal, curriculum coordinator, four teachers, and five sixth-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman with data triangulation to ensure validity. The findings reveal that the entrepreneurship project encouraged students to apply values of independence, creativity, cooperation, and compassion through the production of banana-based products. The learning process helped internalize moral and civic virtues embedded in the Pancasila principles and Rahmatan lil ‘Alamin ethos. However, variations in students’ engagement and limited community collaboration emerged as challenges for program sustainability. This study demonstrates that entrepreneurship-oriented projects can serve as an effective approach for integrating character and faith-based education in primary schools, provided that continuous mentoring and structured evaluation are maintained.nce for education policymakers to expand the implementation of similar projects on a larger scale.

This study is grounded in the recognition that effective parenting should not only fulfill children’s physical and emotional needs but also instill religious values and moral virtues as the foundation of character formation. Prophetic parenting represents an educational concept inspired by the nurturing methods and exemplary character of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), emphasizing spiritual, emotional, and moral development through compassion, justice, and a humane approach. The purpose of this research is to explore the process of internalizing Islamic values through the implementation of prophetic parenting within orphanage settings, focusing on Darul Aitam Orphanage and Al Washliyah Ismailiyah Orphanage in Medan, Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative multi-site design to obtain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon across different contexts. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed descriptively using data reduction, data display, and conclusion-drawing techniques. The findings reveal that both orphanages implement prophetic parenting through caregivers’ exemplary conduct, support for children’s potential, fairness in fulfilling their needs, gradual educational guidance, and the reinforcement of religious observance. These practices foster children’s discipline in worship, learning motivation, empathy, and emotional stability. The study concludes that prophetic parenting contributes positively to the development of children’s character and spiritual growth, although challenges remain regarding resource limitations and the diversity of children’s backgrounds.

This paper critically analyzes the meaning of uncertainty tolerance (UT), a phenomenon of growing interest in healthcare. Medical practitioners, educators, and researchers have increasingly acknowledged the importance of UT for both clinicians and patients, and called for greater attention to improving it. However, we argue that the prevailing conception of UT is an inadequate normative ideal, due to its narrow understanding of uncertainty as exclusively an aversive state entailing negative outcomes, and of tolerance as merely the endurance of these outcomes. We show how this endurance-based, outcomes-focused conception of UT is both theoretically incoherent and practically unhelpful. We make the case for an alternative conception based not on endurance but adaptation, and focused not on outcomes but moral virtues, which we view as instrumental capacities that enable adaptation. We develop a provisional integrative taxonomy of these key virtues, discuss both the promises and challenges of this new adaptation-based, virtue-focused conception of UT, and identify fruitful directions for future work.

ABSTRACT This study examines the intersection of 20th-century moral philosophies and contemporary K-12 educative leadership theories, focusing on six frameworks: transformational, instructional, distributed, adaptive, ethical, and culturally responsive leadership. Using a multi-method approach, including literature review and thematic analysis, the research identifies key philosophical influences – moral realism, evolutionary ethics, virtue ethics, and postmodernism – and explores their alignment with modern leadership models. Findings show that moral philosophies like virtue ethics and postmodernism support leadership models focused on social justice, collaboration, and ethical decision-making. However, tensions arise between universal ethical principles and context-sensitive leadership, such as moral realism’s fixed principles versus adaptive leadership’s flexibility. The study suggests a nuanced understanding of how these philosophies shape leadership practices and proposes practical strategies for aligning leadership with specific moral principles to create inclusive, ethical environments. It also calls for future research into the impact of moral philosophies on leadership outcomes, particularly in multicultural contexts, and the balance between universal ethics and context-sensitive decisions. In conclusion, the research highlights the importance of integrating moral philosophy into leadership for promoting social justice and improving educative leadership effectiveness.

Abstract Art and artisanal objects carry the potential for moral transformations. Although consumer research suggests a relationship between aesthetic taste and morality, scholars have not deeply considered the role of material design in shaping consumers’ moral self. We address this missing link by theorizing the formative process of design-mediated morality: defined as the transmission of moral values into design objects through manifestos and design scripts, which allow consumers to experience morality in direct material engagements. We draw on a longitudinal ethnography of the New Nordic Food movement and its iconic flagship restaurant, noma, to demonstrate the influence of manifestos in streamlining moral virtues with aesthetic expressions. We identify three distinct scripting strategies (simulation, estrangement and sensitization) that steer consumers’ sensory and affective engagement with design objects. Our findings also explain that consumers’ moral awakening is tied to direct material engagement (or 'thinging’) with said objects. By highlighting the embodied dimensions of moralization, our work connects and advances research streams on market-mediated moralization, taste formation and experiential marketing. We conclude with critical reflections on the role of artisanal movements and design in affecting moral transformations, as well as outline avenues for future research on design-mediated morality in everyday consumption contexts.

This paper examines the representation of social values in the poems and Kara Sözler (Book of Words) of Abay Kunanbayev, a prominent figure in the sociocultural and intellectual transformation of 19th-century Kazakh society. More than just a poet, Abay was a moral philosopher and public intellectual who played a pioneering role in the modernization of Kazakh culture. In his poems, Abay emphasizes individual responsibility, moral virtue, diligence, education, and religious consciousness, promoting a value system grounded in personal development. In contrast, his Kara Sözler offers a more direct, systematic, and critical examination of these values, addressing the structural flaws of Kazakh society at the time. The paper presents a comparative analysis of Abay’s poetry and prose, focusing on core themes such as ethics, education, labor, justice, and faith. While his poetry employs a more metaphorical and aesthetic language, the Kara Sözler adopt a straightforward and didactic tone. In both genres, Abay’s ultimate goal is to guide the Kazakh people away from ignorance, laziness, and moral decay, toward the ideal of “adam bol” (“be a true human being”). His vision seeks not only to cultivate virtuous individuals but also to establish a just and enlightened society. Abay’s intellectual legacy continues to influence not only 19th-century Kazakh life but also the sociocultural identity of contemporary Kazakhstan.

This paper explores the connection between Aristotle's concept of virtue and friendship, particularly his emphasis on the moral qualities of good friendships, and examines how these ideas resonate with the Filipino concept of Bayanihan. However, the concept of bayanihan traditionally understood as a communal spirit of mutual aid, is deeply ingrained in Filipino culture, reflecting the cooperative ethos and the sense of solidarity among individuals. In this reason, by analyzing Aristotle's notion of friendship, which is rooted in virtuous relationships based on mutual respect, trust, and the common good, my paper recommends that the Filipino Bayanihan system embodies a similar moral framework, where individuals work together for collective well-being. The paper further discusses the relevance of these ideas in modern Filipino society, highlighting how the spirit of Bayanihan continues to play a vigorous role in fostering social bonds and moral virtue in the context of community life, particularly during times of need or disaster. It argues that the integration of Aristotle's virtue ethics with the cultural practices of Bayanihan offers a valuable framework for promoting social harmony and collective responsibility in contemporary Filipino society.

ABSTRACT The resurgence of Confucianism in Chinese education in recent decades is intertwined with the party-state’s ongoing ideological crusade to maintain the political status quo. This study examines the incorporation of Confucianism into China’s mandatory civics curriculum and how students perceive it based on their diverse sociocultural backgrounds. The analysis draws on data from civics textbooks and semi-structured interviews with university students. A critical discourse analysis of textbooks reveals that Confucianism is appropriated both as a moral-political framework that validates and promotes certain moral virtues and political ideologies and as a national cultural framework to advance a nationalist discourse. However, student voices offer a critical perspective. Accordingly, we argue for a deconstruction of the politicization surrounding the revitalization of Confucianism, situating this ancient tradition within a multicultural and democratic framework. The diverse perspectives presented by students highlight the potential of teaching Confucianism to foster inclusiveness and democracy in civic learning.

ABSTRACT This paper offers a critical reappraisal of the sport ethic through the lens of psychoanalytic theory. Building on the foundational work of Hughes and Coakley (1991), the sport ethic is defined as a normative framework, which compels athletes to pursue excellence through sacrificial commitment, self-discipline, tolerance, and a refusal to accept limitation. Though celebrated, ultimately, athletic subjectivity is legitimatised through practices that are harmful to an athlete’s health, identity, and social relations. Whereas existing critiques of the sport ethic have focused on its normative demands, this paper shifts the analysis from identity and ideology to the role of desire. Drawing on Lacanian psychoanalysis, it is argued that while athletes, and fans, are socialised into an overconformity with the sport ethic, such adherence is sustained via the subject’s desire for the very sacrifices it requires. This desire is not reducible to rational intention or external coercion but is instead sustained through forms of unconscious enjoyment (jouissance), in the form of self-sabotage, bodily harm, or the pursuit of impossible ideals. On this basis, the paper challenges moralising accounts that treat overconformity as a correctable pathology or failure of awareness, insisting instead that an ongoing adherence to the sport ethic must be conceived in relation to the sacrifices and excesses it posits. The paper concludes by calling for a renewed ethical relation to sport—one that does not seek to eliminate desire or resolve contradiction, but to critically inhabit them. By recognising that desire is not a flaw but constitutive of the subject, the paper opens a space for resisting blind conformity to the sport ethic through confronting the impossible demands that give it meaning. In doing so, a new way of approaching sport, beyond utility, identity, or moral virtue, is provided.

The article explores the operational interaction between two fundamental ideals of liberal-democratic societies: truth and justice. Truth may be assigned three aspirations: an empirical one striving to describe the world as it is, a logical one using reason to do so, and a social one favoring openness and honesty about perceived facts and opinions. Justice, on the other hand, is a normative upshot of social cooperation, nation states being a primary example. Its quasi-contractual base integrates three closely tied operational dimensions: the common cause dimension, the reciprocity dimension and the order dimension. The various aspirations of truth and the different dimensions of justice may reinforce each other, but may also collide. Law and liberal-democratic institutions, while committed to truth and justice simultaneously, are charged with managing the interplay. To be sure, they themselves suffer from basic imperfections, incl. time and budget constraints or agency-problems. As a result, truth or justice or both may be seriously compromised in legal and social practice. The demands of truth and justice continue to test the resilience of liberal democracies. At least three practical guiderails can be set for coping with the challenge: One against suppressing the quest for truth in the name of justice, the second against disregarding justice bedrocks while searching for new truths, and the third in recognizing the ongoing role of moral virtue in the pursuit of the two ideals.

The prophetic leadership of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) has long served as an ethical reference in Islamic tradition; however, studies on its relevance to Islamic education in Indonesia remain limited. Nūrul Mubīn fī Maḥabbati Sayyidil Mursalīn by KH. Hasyim Asy‘ari presents a concise narrative of the Prophet’s life while articulating leadership values with strong potential for revitalization within educational contexts. This study employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data were drawn from the primary text Nūrul Mubīn and other classical works such as Sīrah Nabawiyyah and Al-Raheeq al-Makhtum, then analysed comparatively and hermeneutically to identify the relevance of prophetic leadership values in contemporary Islamic education. The findings reveal that Nūrul Mubīn emphasizes three core dimensions of the Prophet’s leadership: moral integrity (ṣidq, amānah), social empathy (khādim al-ummah), and pedagogical exemplarity (murabbī al-ummah). Compared with other classical texts, KH. Hasyim Asy‘ari’s work stands out for its normative, spiritual, and educational orientation, which can be directly integrated into educational practice. These values are profoundly relevant in addressing issues such as integrity crises, weak character education, and leadership challenges in Indonesia’s education sector. Nūrul Mubīn makes a significant contribution to the revitalization of prophetic-based Islamic education in Indonesia. The text offers a leadership paradigm grounded in moral virtue, justice, and compassion, applicable to curriculum development, teaching strategies, and institutional management in Islamic education. The study’s implications open pathways for further research on integrating prophetic values into educational praxis to cultivate a generation that is intellectually grounded, morally upright, and socially responsible.

This article analyzes the work of Abdurahmon Sayyoh Toshkandiy “Tanvir al-ahdoq fi makorim al-axloq”, in which the moral ideas, virtues, and values contributing to the formation of human perfection are explored. The moral views in the work are classified within the context of Islamic philosophy and Sufi traditions, and the author’s contribution to the development of moral theory is revealed. The study will demonstrate the correspondence of the work with modern moral teachings, as well as its educational and spiritual significance.