Monoterpene Hydrocarbon Fraction Research Articles

Valorization of Monoterpene Hydrocarbon Fraction of Essential Oil to High-Value Oxygenated Monoterpenoids by Solvent-Free Catalytic Modification Using 1%Pd-β-Zeolite

Valorization of Monoterpene Hydrocarbon Fraction of Essential Oil to High-Value Oxygenated Monoterpenoids by Solvent-Free Catalytic Modification Using 1%Pd-β-Zeolite

Growth sites and their impacts on sour orange ʽCitrus aurantium (Tournef.)ʼ essential oil

Growth sites (GSs) in Egypt are characterized by various environmental conditions which affect essential oil (EO) and productivity of sour orange. The EO of sour orange has been used for food, perfume and drug industries. This trial serve as reference for selection of the suitable GS to isolate the sour orange EO according to the components of interest; thus, the differences of sour orange EOs and their constituents were evaluated under various GSs (middle and south). The EO of leaves, flowers and peels that were harvested from different GSs were extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Samples collected from south site produced the highest amounts of leaf, flower and peel EO with the values of 0.8%, 0.2% and 0.5%, respectively. Linalool, nerol and limonene were the main compounds of leaf, flower and peel EOs, respectively. Samples were collected from middle site produced the maximum values of linalool (39.9%) and limonene (72.6%); but the greatest value of nerol (52.1%) was obtained from the samples were collected from south site. Oxygenated monoterpenes (OM) was the major fraction of leaf and flower EOs, while the fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons (MH) was the main fraction of peel EO. The flower samples that were collected from south site produced the maximum amount of OM fraction (83.5%). The greatest value (81.2%) of MH fraction resulted from peel samples that were collected from middle site.

Effect of Short and Long Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Essential Oils

Water shortage throughout the world, especially in arid regions in the later decades has led to search for alternatives to save potable fresh water. Treated wastewater (TWW) appears to be an opportunity for irrigation. However, it could represent a stress factor for plants, and influence their metabolism, changing their secondary metabolites and, consequently, their biological properties. Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil (EO) had been reported to possess phytotoxic activity. The main objective of this work was to compare the chemical composition and herbicidal activity of E. camaldulensis EO obtained from leaves of young plants and old trees irrigated with well water (WW) and TWW. Germination tests were performed in vitro against Amaranthus hybridus, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli and Lolium perenne. The EOs composition was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes, with 1,8-cineole as main compound, was found in the EOs from leaves of young plants irrigated with both types of water. The EO from leaves of old trees irrigated with WW contained a main fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons (45.17%) with p-cymene as principal compound. The highest herbicidal potential was shown by the EO from young plants irrigated with TWW. It completely inhibited A. hybridus and L. perenne germination, and nearly blocked the others at all concentrations assayed. It also showed strong phytotoxic activity on seedling length. The results suggest the possible use of TWW to irrigate Eucalyptus crops as it enhances the EOs herbicidal potential that could be used as natural herbicides.
 
 In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

Sulfate turpentine: a resource of tick repellent compounds

Compounds with tick (Ixodes ricinus) repellent properties were isolated from sulfate turpentine consisting of Norway spruce (80%) and Scots pine (20%) from southern Sweden. The turpentine was divided into two fractions by distillation under reduced pressure resulting in one monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction and a residual containing higher boiling terpenoids. The monoterpene fraction was further oxidized with SeO2 to obtain oxygenated monoterpenes with potential tick repellent properties. The oxidized fraction and the high boiling distillation residual were each separated by medium pressure liquid chromatography. The fractions were tested for tick repellency and the compounds in those with highest tick repellency were identified by GC-MS. The fractions with highest repellency contained, mainly (−)-borneol, and mixtures of (+)- and (−)-1-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol. The enantiomers of borneol showed similar tick repellent properties.

Comparative Aroma Profile of Wild and Cultivated Chenopodium ambrosioides L. from Uttarakhand

In the present investigation the essential oils of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. aerial parts obtained from wild sources and cultivated field were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil yields, obtained by hydro-distillation were 0.28 % in wild and 0.16 % in cultivated Chenopodium. The GC and GCMS analysis of the essential oils led to the identification of 18 components representing 90 % of the oils. The major component in wild sample was α-terpinene (44.68 %) followed by p-cymene (21.28 %) and ascaridole (17.89 %), whereas in cultivated sample ascaridole (44.96 %) was found in abundance. p-cymene (27.14 %) and α-terpinene (8.27 %) were other two major components in cultivated Chenopodium. Wild sample detected major fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons, whereas as cultivated oil dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes. Study concluded that oil of C. ambrosioides originated from Uttarakhand region can be use pharmaceutical preparations along with combination of other desired molecules for industrial applications.

Terpenoid composition and antifungal activity of three commercially important essential oils against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger

Hydro-distilled essential oils extracted from three commercially important aromatic plants were analysed by capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry and subjected to antifungal activity. Fifteen compounds, which accounted for 97.8% of Acorus calamus root oil composition have been identified. Besides the major constituent (Z)-asarone (81.1–92.4%), (Z)-methyl isoeugenol (1.8–2.1%), (Z)-isoelemicin (1.2–1.3%), (E)-asarone (1.0–2.6%), (E)-methyl isoeugenol (0.2–0.4%), (Z)-β-ocimene (0.2–0.4%), elemicin (0.2–0.3%), linalool (0.1–0.9%) and kessane (t–0.2%) were identified. Monoterpenes constituted the main fraction of Origanum vulgare essential oil attaining 90.5% of the total oil composition. p-Cymene (10.3%) was the major component of the monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction while thymol (53.2%) and carvacrol (3.9%) were the most abundant oxygenated monoterpenes among the 33 identified constituents. Cinnamomum tamala leaf oil contained (E)-cinnamaldehyde as the principal component. Quantitative variations in (Z)-cinnamaldehyde (5.8–7.1%), linalool (6.4–8.5%) and (E)-cinnamyl acetate (4.7–5.2%) were significant. The antifungal activity of the hydro-distilled essential oils of A. calamus, O. vulgare and C. tamala were evaluated against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Disc diffusion method was used for the determination of the inhibitory effect. O. vulgare essential oil exhibited the highest activity. Moreover, all three essential oils inhibit the growth of A. flavus and A. niger.

Composition of the essential oil of Hymnocrater platystegius in Iran

The major constitutents were α-pinene (10.5%) and sabinene (10.5%) in sample A, spathulenol (35.4%) and abietatriene (13.4%) in sample B, and β-caryophyllene (32.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (16.1%) in sample C [5]. Our study deals with the analysis of the essential oil isolated from aerial parts of Hymenocrater platystegius Rech. f., which grows wild in Iran. The composition of the oil of the aerial parts of H. platystegius is shown in Table 1, which lists the percentage yields of the components found, as well as their retention indices. As can be seen, seventeen components representing 90.7% of the aerial parts oil of H. platystegius were identified. The major components of the oil were α-pinene (23.4%) and limonene (23.2%). The other sizable component was β-pinene (11.7%). These results can be compared to those for the oil of H. incanus (from Iran), namely, β-caryophyllene (17.6%) and 1,8-cineole (16.9%). As also can be seen from Table 1, the monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction in the oil of aerial parts of H. platystegius contains six compounds comprising 64.8%. In addition, three oxygenated monoterpenes account for 4.3% of the essential oil, and eight sesquiterpene hydrocarbons account for 21.6%.

Essential oil composition of Pistacia lentiscus L. and Myrtus communis L.: Evaluation of antioxidant capacity of methanolic extracts

The seasonal variation of the essential oil composition, the antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP assays) and the total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay) of two aromatic wild plants, Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae) and Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), grown in Zakynthos, a Greek island, was investigated. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and subsequently analysed by GC–MS. The essential oil composition of P. lentiscus L. was characterised by a high monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction (45.0–68.3%), which was found in greater amounts during the flowering stage (May). At the same stage, the extracts showed the highest free radical-scavenging activity (IC 50 = 5.09 mg/l) and antioxidant capacity (131 mmol/l), as well as the highest phenolic content (588 mg gallic acid/g plant material). The strongest antioxidant activity and the highest phenolic content for M. communis L. were obtained during full flowering stage (August). Its essential oil composition was characterised by a high oxygenated monoterpene fraction (70.1–73.2%), the highest accumulation of which was also observed during the same flowering stage.

Analysis of Indian Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia cheel.) Essential Oil a Vital Aromatherapy Oil

The hydro distilled essential oil from the freshly cut leaves and branches of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel. grown in India was analyzed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The leaf oil was found to contain 33 components (99.5%) of which 21 were completely identified, 6 were tentatively identified while as one remained unknown. Quantitatively the oil was characterized by a high percentage of monoterpene fraction amounting to about 67%, dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes (59.3%). Terpinen-4-ol (47.7%) was the main component followed by neo-dihydrocarveol (6.3%) and 1,8-cineole (5.3%). The monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction (9.3%) consisted mainly of ρ-cymene (7.3%). The sesquiterpene fraction (16.2%) consists mainly of β-caryophyllene and globulol (3% each).

Composition of the Essential Oil from Wild Carrot Umbels (Daucus carota L. ssp. carota) Growing in Poland

The hydrodistilled oil obtained from plant umbels (Daucus carota L. ssp. carota) harvested in the wild was investigated by GC and GC/MS. One hundred components have been identified. The fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented 83.8%, oxygenated monoterpenes represented 8.0% of the whole oil, whereas the sesquiterpene fraction represented 7.4% and other compounds 0.2% of the total composition. The most abundant constituents were α-pinene (41%), sabinene (18%), myrcene (7%), limonene (5%) and terpinen-4-ol (5%).

Glandular trichomes and essential oils of Helichrysum stoechas

The aerial organs of Helichrysum stoechas bear a dense woolly indumentum with two types of trichomes: nonglandular trichomes, extremely long, simple, uniseriate and multicellular; and biseriate, glandular trichomes with 10–14 cells. Glandular trichomes are abundant on the leaf abaxial surface, particularly on the intervein areas, on the inflorescence, at the receptacle on interfloret positions, on the corollalobes, and on the ovary surface. Secretion accumulates in a subcuticular spaceformed above the top of the upper tier of secretory cells and is released to the outside by cuticle rupture. The essential oils isolated from the flowers and from the leaves collected during the flowering period were obtained in a yield of 0.3% (v/w) and0.8% (v/w), respectively. The analyses performed by GC and GC-MS revealed that the monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction was dominant in both oils, attaining 93% and98% of the total oils from the flowers and leaves, respectively. a-Pinene was the major component in both oils, amou...

Glandular trichomes and essential oils of Helichrysum stoechas

The aerial organs of Helichrysum stoechas bear a dense woolly indumentum with two types of trichomes: nonglandular trichomes, extremely long, simple, uniseriate and multicellular; and biseriate, glandular trichomes with 10–14 cells. Glandular trichomes are abundant on the leaf abaxial surface, particularly on the intervein areas, on the inflorescence, at the receptacle on interfloret positions, on the corollalobes, and on the ovary surface. Secretion accumulates in a subcuticular spaceformed above the top of the upper tier of secretory cells and is released to the outside by cuticle rupture. The essential oils isolated from the flowers and from the leaves collected during the flowering period were obtained in a yield of 0.3% (v/w) and0.8% (v/w), respectively. The analyses performed by GC and GC-MS revealed that the monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction was dominant in both oils, attaining 93% and98% of the total oils from the flowers and leaves, respectively. a-Pinene was the major component in both oils, amou...

Comparison between the Essential Oil of Myrtus communis L. Obtained from Naturally Grown and In Vitro Plants

The essential oil of Myrtus communis obtained from plants grown in culture in vitro as well as from plants harvested at natural location was analyzed. In the oil of in vitro grown plants 18 compounds were identified, while in the oil from the wild growing plants 35 compounds were identified. In the oil obtained from plants harvested in the wild the fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented 28.9%, oxygenated monoterpenes represented 61.6% of die whole oil, whereas die sesquiterpene fraction represented 1.8% and other compounds 0.2% of the total oil composition. In the oil of cultivated plants, the fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented 64.8%, oxygenated monoterpenes 6.3% and die sesquiterpene fraction represented 2.4% of the oil composition. In both cases die most abundant compounds were α-pinene (21.3% and 54.6%) and 1,8-cineole (22.0% and 7.6%).

The Essential Oils of Two EndemicArgyranthemum Species of the Madeira Archipelago:A. pinnatifidum (L. fil.) Lowe spp.pinnatifidum andA. haemotomma (Lowe) Lowe

The composition of the essential oils isolated from different aerial parts of Argyranthemum pinnatifidum (L. fil.) Lowe ssp. pinnatifidum and of A. haemotomma (Lowe) Lowe was analysed by GC and GC-MS. The oils were isolated separately from the flowers, and from the leaves collected during the flowering period and the vegetative phase of the plants. The oil yields varied from <0.05% to 0.1% (v/w). The fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons was dominant in all three oils isolated from each species, ranging from 49% to 69% in the oils of A. haemotomma, and from 43% to 71% in those of A. pinnatifidum. The main component of the oils was β-myrcene (28-50% and 39-62% of the oils isolated from A. haemotomma and A. pinnatifidum, respectively). Germacrene-D was the second most important component (10-18% of the oils from A. haemotomma and 10-23% of those from A. pinnatifidum) in all oils, except for the oil isolated during the vegetative phase of A. pinnatifidum where bornyl acetate was the second main component (11%). The essential oils isolated from the two Argyranthemum species showed an overall qualitative similarity, and a quantitative resemblance with respect to their main components.

Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oils of Origanum Syriacum and Stachys Aegyptiaca

AbstractThe Essential Leaf Oils Of Origanum Syriacum Var. Aegyptiacum and Stachys Aegyptiaca (Lamiaceae), Were Prepared By Hydrodistillation and Studied By Cgc and Gc-Ms. Among The 28 Compounds Identified In The Oil Of Origanum, Up To 83% Consists Of The Antiseptic and Flavoring Agent Carvacrol. In Addition, Carvacrol Methyl Ether and Carvacryl Acetate Are Present In Minute Amounts. The Monoterpene Hydrocarbon Fraction Accounts For Nearly 12% Of The Oil Of Which P-Cymene, γ-Terpinene, Myrceneand A-Thujene Are The Major Components. The Sesquiterpene Compounds and The Monoterpene Alcohols Occur In Rather Insignificant Concentrations.The Oil Of Stachys Aegyptiaca Consists Mainly Of 14 Monoterpene Hydrocarbons (75%), 4 Oxygenated Monoterpenes (1.1%) and 7 Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons (17%). The Dominant Compound Is Ot-Pinene.

Chemical composition of volatiles from cortical oleoresin of Pseudotsuga menziesii

Pseudotsuga menziesii cortical oleoresin was found to contain 1·7% of oxygenated terpenoids and compounds of similar volatility composed of linalool, methylsalicylate, bornyl acetate, citronellol, geranyl acetate, methylthymol, citronellyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, borneol, isopulegol, anethole, terpinen-4-ol acetate, camphor, geraniol, neryl acetate, and nerol. Sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons were low (only 0·07%) and contained sibirene and longifolene as main constituents, with β-caryophyllene, γ-muurolene, γ-cadinene (identified by IR), and 20 additional compounds in small amounts. p-Cymen-8-ene was identified in monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction.