Monosodium Urate Crystals In Joints Research Articles

Asymptomatic Gouty Tophi in Thyroid Cartilage: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Gouty tophi is a disease characterized by the long-term deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints or cartilages. The most commonly affected site is the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and gouty tophi in the head and neck region are relatively rare. This article reports a case involving an elderly male with asymptomatic gouty tophi in the thyroid cartilage. The patient had a history of gout for over 10 years and presented with a painless thyroid mass that had been present for at least 3 years. He had not received systemic treatment. Preoperative contrast-enhanced cervical CT results indicated a high likelihood of gouty tophi. Postoperative pathology confirmed the mass to be consistent with gouty nodules. Following the procedure, the patient was treated symptomatically with non-busulfan tablets and colchicine. No recurrence was observed at the 1-year follow-up. This report highlights the need to consider gouty tophi in cases of prolonged gout history and abnormal imaging findings in the head and neck region. Appropriate management, including urate-lowering therapy and surgery, if necessary, can lead to optimal outcomes and prevent recurrences. Further research is warranted to enhance understanding and clinical management of this uncommon regional manifestation of gout.

The Chinese patent medicine Tongfengding capsule for gout in adults: a systematic review of safety and effectiveness

BackgroundGout is a common inflammatory arthritis caused by increased serum uric acid levels. Untreated or insufficiently treated gout can lead to deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints, cartilage, and kidneys. Although Tongfengding capsules, a Chinese patent medicine, have long been used to treat gout, their effects and safety have not been reviewed systematically. This study evaluated its efficacy and safety for gout in adults.MethodsRandomized controlled trials involving Tongfengding capsule for gout in adults were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CBM, CNKI, and VIP databases, and analyzed using the Cochrane Handbook criteria. The primary outcome measures were the total effective rate. The secondary outcome measures including the blood uric acid (BUA), 24-h urinary total protein (24-h UTP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and adverse effects. The risk of bias was evaluated in all included studies. RevMan ver. 5.3.5 and GRADE profiler was used for data analysis and assessing the quality of evidence, respectively.ResultsSix studies (n = 607 Chinese participants) were included. Tongfengding capsules plus conventional treatment significantly increased the total effective rate (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11–1.33), while reducing the BUA (MD − 66.05 µmol/L, 95% CI − 81.26 to − 50.84), 24-h UTP (MD − 0.83 g/24 h, 95% CI − 0.96 to − 0.70), BUN (MD − 0.90 mmol/L, 95% CI − 1.60 to − 0.20), IL-6 (MD − 6.99 ng/L, 95% CI − 13.22 to − 0.75), IL-8 (MD − 12.17 ng/L, 95% CI − 18.07 to − 6.27), TNF-α (MD − 8.50 ng/L, 95% CI − 15.50 to − 1.51), and adverse effects (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.04–0.95).ConclusionTongfengding capsules plus conventional treatment is safe and beneficial for adults with gout compared with conventional treatment.

Crystal deposition disease as an unusual cause of knee pain in an adult male: Report of a rare case

Abstract Gout is a monosodium urate crystal deposit disease which generally occurs in middle aged male and post-menopausal females. It is typically characterized by episodic acute and chronic arthritis due to deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and connective tissue. Palpable deposits of crystals known as tophi may form particularly around joints but also elsewhere. This is a single case based prospective work-up and follow up study done at our institute of a middle-aged male having chronic right knee pain since 1 year year. Meticulous history and clinical examination ,laboratory investigations were done like ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP (c- reactive protein) and radiological investigation including plain radiograph and MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) right knee was done and was suggestive of giant cell tumor of patella. Excision and curettage of the lesion was done and sample was sent for HPE (histopathological examination) which showed fibrocartilaginous tissue with features of gouty arthritis. Serum uric acid was done which came out to be raised (10.14 mg/dl). At final follow-up patient had satisfactory outcome. It is important to have in mind that tophus of patella can cause chronic knee pain in patients with gouty arthritis. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential. Patients with tophaceous gout require strict disease control and close follow-up.

Case Series to Evaluate the Efficacy of Selected Treatment Modality in the Management of Vātarakta (Gouty Arthritis)

Vātarakta is a more common and distressing metabolic condition that exists nowadays. Rakta (blood) is the major Dūshya (vitiated) in Vātapradhāna (predominance of Vāta), Tridōshaja (three body humors), and Vātavyādhi (disease of Vāta). Vātarakta is a condition in which Vāta, a prominent Dōsha, is unduly worsened by vitiated Rakta. Gout and Vātarakta are associated in modern science. Gout is a purine metabolic disorder that results in hyperuricemia and the development of monosodium urate crystals in joints. Gout’s primary symptom is pain, which interferes with sufferers’ daily lives. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a selected treatment modality in the management of Vātarakta. Three case presentations with a follow-up period of one month were studied. Treatment modality including Sinhasya Panchamūli Phānta, Chadraprabhā Vati, Nawarathna Kalka, Thriphalā Chūrna, Pinda Thaila, and Nadi Swēda was advised for four months along with Pathya Apathya (wholesome and unwholesome). Pre- and post-treatment assessments of subjective criteria were made. According to the results, the symptoms were reduced by 25%, 33.33%, 50%, 66.66%, and 100%. It may be concluded that Pathya Apathya, combined with a selected treatment modality, is a secure and reliable treatment for Vātarakta.

3β,23-Dihydroxy-12-ene-28-ursolic Acid Isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus Alleviates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Gout via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-Dependent Autophagy.

Gout is regarded as a painful inflammatory arthritis induced by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and soft tissues. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production plays a crucial role in the pathological process of gout. Cyclocarya paliurus (CP) tea was found to have an effect on reducing the blood uric acid level of people with hyperuricemia and gout. However, its medicinal ingredients and mechanism for the treatment of gout are still unclear. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the effects of the active triterpenoids isolated from C. paliurus on gout and explore the underlying mechanism. The results showed that compound 2 (3β,23-dihydroxy-12-ene-28-ursolic acid) from C. paliurus significantly decreased the protein expression of IL-1β, caspase-1, pro-IL-1β, pro-caspase-1, and NLRP3. Furthermore, the production of ROS in the intracellular was reduced after compound 2 treatment. However, ROS agonist rotenone remarkably reversed the inhibitory effect of compound 2 on the protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. Additionally, the expression level of LC3 and the ratio of LC3II/LC3I were increased, but the expression level of p62 was suppressed by compound 2 whereas an autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly abolished the inhibitory effects of compound 2 on the generation of ROS and the protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, compound 2 could ameliorate the expression ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR. Interestingly, mTOR activator MHY-1485 could block the promotion effect of compound 2 on autophagy regulation and inhibitory effect of compound 2 on induction of ROS and IL-1β. In conclusion, these findings suggested that compound 2 may effectively improve NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated gout via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-dependent autophagy and could be further investigated as a potential agent against gout.

Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Anti Gout Potential of Aqueous Seed Extract of Punica granatum - An in vitro Study

Background: Punica granatum belongs to the family punicaceae. Pomegranate has a reservoir of secondary metabolites which possess free radical scavenging activity. Pomegranate has high antioxidants content, which helps in the delayed progress of atherosclerosis, cancer and ageing. Gout is a chronic metabolic disease. It is caused due to increased deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints. It is caused due to increased intake of purine rich food. Xanthine oxidase converts hypoxanthine to uric acid. Xanthine oxidase (XO) plays an important role in the regulation of production of uric acid. Many research has been done in the extract to analyse the pharmacological characteristics and its beneficial uses. Pomegranate is widely consumed and used as preventive and therapeutic agents.
 Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and anti gout activity of aqueous seed extract of Punica granatum.
 Methods: Aqueous seed extract of Punica granatum was prepared and analysed for its phytochemical, antioxidant and anti gout potential by using statistical methods.
 Results: Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids were present in aqueous extract of Punica granatum. IC50 of antioxidant activity of aqueous seed extract of Punica granatum was found to be 280µg/ml. The extract also exhibited anti gout potential with an IC50 = 310 µg/ml. P value is < 0.05 so, it is significant.
 Conclusion: Aqueous seed extract of punica granatum can be used to treat gout and to combat various other disorders and also have antioxidant and phytochemical activity. It will be an alternative for synthetic drugs. Herbal extracts are more preferred for its accessibility, cost effectiveness and less side effects. The combined effects of antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitors will be helpful in hyperuricemia treatment.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Sustained release granules of Aceclofenac in Gouty Arthritis Rat

Gout is most common painful clinical syndrome occurs due to hyperuricaemia (high serum uric acid level) and deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints. In the current experimental study, the anti-inflammatory effect of sustained release granules of aceclofenac, was investigated on monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in rat. Monosodium urate is injected appropriately at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight of a rat on right ankle to induce inflammation in joint like gouty arthritis. The percentage of joint swelling in positive control group was increased significantly (p<0.5) when compared with normal group after 1 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr with a single injection of MSU. Therapeutic effect of sustained released granules (OD) is similar to conventional released granules (BD) and possesses an anti-inflammatory effect, which could provide relief in gouty arthritis after administration of sustained release formulation of aceclofenac once in a day only. The current study clearly indicated that slow release granules of aceclofenac exerted a strong anti-inflammatory effect against gouty arthritis at standard dose once daily. It concluded that, when aceclofenac tablet is formulated with slow release granules it decreases the dosing frequency with same therapeutic effect.

Ozone Therapy Alleviates Monosodium Urate Induced Acute Gouty Arthritis in Rats Through Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome

Background: Gout is a metabolic disease strictly related to hyperuricemia. The associated intense inflammation and pain are triggered by the deposited monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in joints. The principal therapeutic strategies of gout involve the control of hyperuricemia and antiinflammatory medications. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of ozone therapy, a wellknown antioxidant and an immunomodulator, on gouty arthritis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods : Acute gouty arthritis was induced in male albino rats via MSU crystals intra-articular injection in the ankle joint. The gouty arthritic rats received pre-treatment with ozone, colchicine (as a reference drug), or their combination. Results : The obtained results of ozone therapy showed an obvious reduction in the degree of edematous ankle swelling, pro-inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), procaspase-1, caspase-1, interleukin- 1β synovial tissue levels with an enhancement of antioxidant defense system. Additionally, ozone therapy significantly attenuated the histological derangements in gouty arthritic rats. Conclusion : This study suggests that ozone is able to treat gouty arthritis and reducing synovial injury through an anti-inflammatory effect as well as antioxidant activity.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGEMENT OF VATARAKTA: A REVIEW ARTICLE

BACKGROUND: In today’s modern period, the lifestyle of people has changed, food habits also has changed, it is going more towards sedimentary lifestyle. People nowadays preferred to have instant, junk, and spicy fast food than a normal healthy diet. Hence nowadays more and more people are developing so many metabolic disorders due to inactive, sluggish, seated lifestyles. Among so many metabolic disorders gout is the one that commonly occurs in today’s modern manner of living. Purine metabolism causes hyperuricemia and deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints. In Ayurveda, Vatarakta shows so much resemblance with gouty arthritis. Vatarakta is mainly an Avaranajanya Vata Pradhan Tridoshaja Vyadhi where Rakta is main Dushya.Vatarakta is more distressing. Due to the desk-bound lifestyle, many people are affected constantly by this severe disease. Currently, in modern science NSAIDS, allopurinol, colchicine, the corticosteroid is being used to treat gout. But these drugs have many adverse effects and disadvantages Panchkarma induced Shodhana and Shamana is not only an important component of Ayurvedic treatment but also the elemental basis of Ayurvedic treatment. Different procedures like Swedana, Va- mana, Virechana, Basti, Raktamokshana focuses on purification which detoxifies the patient's body and thus helps in correcting metabolism at the molecular level. Hence the Panchkarma is a quirky approach in the management of Vatarakta. Shamana refers to all the Ayurvedic procedures and protocols that reduce suppress and eliminate thedisease. Shamana Chikitsa is planned to make the patient recover and feel healthier by suppressing the disease symptoms. Hence while the inherent disease might still be present the patient going through Shamana Chikitsa can control the symptoms. Keywords: Ayurveda, Cataract, Vata, Rakta, Gouty arthritis.

MANAGEMENT OF HYPERURICEMIA(GOUT) THROUGH AYURVEDA: A CASE STUDY

The rapid modernization in India, fast-food culture, stressful and speedy life is causing several lifestyle disorders. Gout is a metabolic disease that most often affects middle-aged to elderly men and post-menopausal women. It results from an increased body pool of urate with hyperuricemia. It is typically characterized by episodic acute arthritis or chronic arthritis caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and connective tissue tophi and the risk for deposition in kidney interstitium or uric acid nephrolithiasis. Vatarakta (gouty arthritis) is a chronic disease in which derangement of metabolism, occurs due to indulgence in unwholesome dietary habits and lifestyle. Vatarakta is caused by vitiated Vata and Rakta simultaneously. Initially vitiated Vata obstructs the path of vitiated Rakta and then gets obstructed by Rakta itself. It can be correlated with Gouty Arthritis due to their similarity in the clinical presentation. It is characterised by severe pain, tenderness, inflammation and burning sensation in the affected joints. A 34-year-old male patient came to Kayachikitsa OPD of Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Guwahati presenting with complaints of pain and swelling in the right first metatarsophalangeal joint, burning sensation of both the sole, right ankle joint pain and swelling along with pain in the right elbow from last 4 months. The patient was subjected to both panchakarma therapy and oral medication and at the end of the treatment Serum Uric acid level came down from 8.6mg/dl to 5.4mg/dl. Keywords: Gout, Vatarakta, Ksheera basti, Amritadi guggulu, Kokilaksha Kasaya.

Hyperuricemia and gout caused by missense mutation in d-lactate dehydrogenase.

Gout is caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints when plasma uric acid levels are chronically elevated beyond the saturation threshold, mostly due to renal underexcretion of uric acid. Although molecular pathways of this underexcretion have been elucidated, its etiology remains mostly unknown. We demonstrate that gout can be caused by a mutation in LDHD within the putative catalytic site of the encoded d-lactate dehydrogenase, resulting in augmented blood levels of d-lactate, a stereoisomer of l-lactate, which is normally present in human blood in miniscule amounts. Consequent excessive renal secretion of d-lactate in exchange for uric acid reabsorption culminated in hyperuricemia and gout. We showed that LDHD expression is enriched in tissues with a high metabolic rate and abundant mitochondria and that d-lactate dehydrogenase resides in the mitochondria of cells overexpressing the human LDHD gene. Notably, the p.R370W mutation had no effect on protein localization. In line with the human phenotype, injection of d-lactate into naive mice resulted in hyperuricemia. Thus, hyperuricemia and gout can result from the accumulation of metabolites whose renal excretion is coupled to uric acid reabsorption.

Gout

Gout is caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and soft tissues. It is the most common cause of inflammatory arthritis worldwide, and a cause of substantial pain and long-term disability. It is associated with several co-morbidities and often under-treated in both primary and secondary care. This article sets out the diagnosis and treatment of gout in primary care, and aims to promote self-management by patients through education of doctors.

Efficacy and safety of lesinurad for the treatment of hyperuricemia in gout.

The aim of this review is to present current evidence about the efficacy and safety of lesinurad in combination with xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) in the treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with gout. Gout is the most common inflammatory form of arthritis. It is caused by an elevated concentration of serum uric acid (UA) that leads to the formation of monosodium urate crystals in joints and different tissues. The goal of therapy is to maintain serum UA levels at <6 mg/dL (0.36 mmol/L), to prevent the formation and deposition of monosodium urate crystals, and to dissolve existing crystals. Lesinurad, a new uricosuric, increases renal urate excretion by selectively inhibiting the renal uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1). Lesinurad is indicated in adults, in combination with a XOI, for the adjunctive treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with gout (with or without tophi) who have not achieved target serum UA levels with an adequate dose of a XOI alone. With the combination strategy, serum UA targets could be reached with the consequence of inhibiting formation of new crystals and promoting dissolution of existing crystals and, therefore, inducing improvement of outcomes such as flares and tophi. The approval of lesinurad was based on data from three pivotal phase III studies (CLEAR 1, CLEAR 2, and CRYSTAL). These clinical studies assessed lesinurad 200 and 400 mg doses. As only lesinurad 200 mg/day dose was finally approved and commercialized, it will be the focus of this paper. In the pivotal clinical trials, the target serum UA level was achieved by significantly more patients in lesinurad 200 mg plus allopurinol group (CLEAR 1 and CLEAR 2 trials) or lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat group (CRYSTAL study) compared with patients who received either XOI alone. In these trials, the safety profile of lesinurad 200 mg plus a XOI was comparable to allopurinol or febuxostat alone. Lesinurad, in combination with a XOI, is an effective and safe treatment that covers unmet needs in adults with gout who have not achieved target serum UA levels with a XOI alone.

Evaluation of Patients with Gout Acute Arthritis In Terms Of Demographic, Clinical and Laboratory Parameters

Gut arthritisis is an acute inflammatory arthritis characterized by pain and storing of monosodium urate crystals in joints or tissues. In our study we aim to increase awareness of patients with gout arthritis. It was evaluated the demographic, clinical and laboratory features of 118 patients with acute gout arthritis who admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine of Osmangazi University between November 2011 and October 2012. Standardized study form was complated for all of the patients. All data were analyzed with SPSS 20 and IBM Statistics. In our findings, mean age of patients was 57.79 years, %89 patients was male and %34.7 of the patients had obesity. The most common comorbid disease was hypertension (53.4%) and the most common triggering factor was antihypertensive drug use (42.3%). It had been observed that the first episode occurred in the 1st metatarsophalengeal joint (78.8%), the patients were diagnosed with an average of 3.13 attacks, 82.7% of the patients had podogra, 23.7% of them had trophy and the attack clinic was severe. There was a statistically significant difference between the serum uric acid level and the presence of tofus (p = 0.002). The diagnosis was made most frequently in the presence of clinical findings and hyperuricemia (72.9%) and the compliance rate in ACR criteria was 87%. The serum uric acid level was found to be 8.41 ± 1.87 mg / dL. Increasing the awareness of gut arthritis, which is a common condition in the community, among physicians, is gaining importance in terms of preventing early complications and complications. Key Words : Gout Arthrit, Hiperuricemia, Tophaceous, Podagra. DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/5-2-34

Detection of monosodium urate crystals with dual-energy CT in gout patients

Objective To evaluate the application of the dual-energy CT (DECT) in detection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in gout patients. Methods The imaging and clinical data of 101 patients with suspected gout were retrospectively analyzed, including 64 cases of clinically diagnosed gout (gout group) and 37 non-gout cases (non-gout group). The DECT examination was performed for 85 joints in gout group and 42 joints in non-joint group. The value of DECT in detection of MSU crystals was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results There were significant differences in gender (χ2=5.32, P=0.03) and blood uric acid levels (t=1.95, P=0.04) between gout and non-gout groups. The detection rate of MSU in gout group was significantly higher than that of non-gout group (χ2=30.52, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of DECT in detection of was 0.74±0.05 (Mean±SE), 95%CI: 0.64-0.85. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the DECT in detection of gouty stone was 0.844, 0.703, 83.1% and 72.2%, respectively. Conclusion The dual-energy CT has high sensitivity, specificity and reliability for the detection and diagnosis of monosodium urate crystals in joints of gout patients. Key words: Radiography, dual-energy scanned projection; Gout; Arthritis, gouty; Crystallization, uric acid

Impact of pegloticase on patient outcomes in refractory gout: current perspectives.

Gout is currently the most frequent cause of inflammatory arthritis worldwide and is responsible for poor health-related quality of life and loss of work productivity. It is caused by high levels of serum urate, leading to the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and soft tissues. This condition is associated with acute flares and, if untreated or refractory, chronic and potentially destructive arthritis and tophi formation. Pegloticase is a recombinant, pegylated uricase used in the treatment of gout patients who fail conventional urate-lowering therapy. In this review, we discuss the impact of pegloticase on patient outcomes in refractory gout. We analyze different parameters, such as plasma uric acid concentration, frequency of flares, tophi reduction, pain, function, quality of life, and safety.

Management of Vatarakta w.s.r. to Gout through Panchakarma

Vatarakta is more distressing and common metabolic disorder prevalent in present era. It is Vatapradhana Tridoshaja Vatavyadhi where Rakta is main Dushya. Vata is a predominant Dosha in Vatarakta, when it is excessively aggravated with vitiated Rakta is called Vatarakta. Vatarakta is correlated with gout in modern science. Gout is an abnormality of purine metabolism causes hyperuricemia and deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints. Pain is predominant symptom of gout, which disturbs day-today life of the patients. The Panchakarma is not only a important component of Ayurvedic treatment but it is also forms the fundamental basis of Ayurveda therapy. The different procedures like Swedana, Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Sirovirechana, Raktamokshana focus on the purification which detoxifies the human body, i.e. the correction of the metabolism at molecular level. These detoxification procedures are essential components of the management in various metabolic disorders. So Panchakarma is an unique approach in the management of Vatarakta.

Tophaceous Gout in the Lumbar Spinal Canal Mimicking Epidural Spinal Tumor.

Gout is an inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints. Though gout frequently involves the big toe or other extremities, it rarely occurs in the spinal canal. A 35-year-old man presented with left L5 radiculopathy. He had leg pain for 8 months and received several epidural steroid injections. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 1.7×1.1-cm ovoid contrast-enhancing mass, causing pressure erosion of the left L5 pedicle. Microscopic laminotomy was performed at the left L5 lamina. White chalky materials, identified at the left lateral recess of the spinal canal, were removed in a piecemeal manner. The histopathologic diagnosis was tophaceous gout. Although the patient’s radiating pain did not resolve postoperatively, it was dramatically relieved with uric acid-lowering medications. If a mass effect is suspected, surgical removal of gouty tophi might aid in symptom release and definite diagnosis. Medical treatment after rheumatology consultation is crucial.

Gout and Osteoarthritis: Associations, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Implications.

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common type of arthritis worldwide, is a degenerative disease of diarthrodial joints resulting in pain, reduced quality of life, and socioeconomic burden. Gout, the most common form of inflammatory arthritis, is a consequence of persistently elevated levels of urate and the formation of proinflammatory monosodium urate crystals in joints. Clinicians have long noted a predilection for both diseases to occur in the same joints. In this review, we provide an overview into research elucidating possible biochemical, mechanical, and immunological relationships between gout and OA. We additionally consider the potential implications of these relationships for OA treatment.

Efficacy of CoenzymeQ10 in inhibiting monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in rats

Gout is a type of arthritis, which could result from the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints. It can cause redness, burning pain, inflammation of joints especially in big toe. In this study, we have looked for anti-arthritic effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in rats and compared it with that of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin. The evaluation was done by measuring the paw volume, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, lysosomal enzymes (β-glcuronidase, β-galactosidase, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase) activities and histopathological studies. Paw volume, the levels of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation were significantly (P<0.05) increased and the antioxidant activity status was in turn decreased in monosodium urate crystal-induced rats. CoQ10 (10mg/kg/b.w. orally) treated monosodium urate crystal-induced rats showed near normal activities of lysosomal enzymes, reduced levels of lipid peroxidation, near normal paw volume and antioxidant status. CoQ10 was also able to minimize mononuclear cell infiltration and damage to articular cartilage. Current study indicates that CoQ10 possesses anti-inflammatory effect against gouty arthritis and can be used to treat acute form of gouty arthritis.