Monoclonal IgY Research Articles

Monoclonal IgY antibodies: advancements and limitations for immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy applications.

Due to their high specificity and scalability, Monoclonal IgY antibodies have emerged as a valuable alternative to traditional polyclonal IgY antibodies. This abstract provides an overview of the production and purification methods of monoclonal IgY antibodies, highlights their advantages over polyclonal IgY antibodies, and discusses their recent applications. Monoclonal recombinant IgY antibodies, in contrast to polyclonal IgY antibodies, offer several benefits. such as derived from a single B-cell clone, monoclonal antibodies exhibit superior specificity, ensuring consistent and reliable results. Furthermore, it explores the suitability of monoclonal IgY antibodies for low- and middle-income countries, considering their cost-effectiveness and accessibility. We also discussed future directions and challenges in using polyclonal IgY and monoclonal IgY antibodies. In conclusion, monoclonal IgY antibodies offer substantial advantages over polyclonal IgY antibodies regarding specificity, scalability, and consistent performance. Their recent applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, and research highlight their versatility.

Development of goose monoclonal IgY antibodies for use as a passive therapeutic. (113.6)

Abstract When vaccination is not cost effective or possible, one of the primary alternatives is passive immunotherapies. Passive therapeutic antibodies have been shown to be effective in the treatment, not only of infectious agents, but also for toxins, venoms, and cancer targets. Recent research in our laboratory as well as others, has demonstrated the potential of avian-derived passive therapeutic antibodies. We have demonstrated goose-derived polyclonal antibodies, from either sera or eggs, are therapeutic for several viral diseases. The avian immunoglobulin IgY is the primary avian antibody isotype. IgY is similar to mammalian IgG, but lacks the ability to interact with mammalian Fc receptors, complement, and other factors that promote inflammation. IgY’s potential as a therapeutic agent is boosted by its higher avidity than IgG and recognizes more epitopes than mammalian antibodies. These advantages are due to the evolutionary distance between mammalian and avian species. In this work we present initial studies to develop goose mIgY, utilizing traditional mammalian monoclonal protocol that will be commercialized against viral or other targets responsive to single epitope treatment, with the product displaying the inherent advantages of avian antibodies.

Chicken Monoclonal IgY Antibody: A Novel Antibody Development Strategy

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have the advantages of high specificity and stable expression, while avian IgY antibodies provide a series of advantages such as less interference with non-specific proteins in immunoassays, and stronger IgY production against highly conserved mammalian antigens. Monoclonal IgY (mIgY) is a new antibody development that combines advantages of IgY and mAbs. mIgY has great potential for immunological detection and diagnosis, for screening and validating biomarkers and drug targets, and for the production of Abs against conserved mammalian proteins. mIgY can be developed by hybridoma technology or phage display technology. However, the hybridoma technology is difficult in the chicken system due to the lack of a robust fusion partner. mIgY can be developed into Ab fragments, chimeric Abs and humanised Abs. The most successful examples are a series of anti-prion mIgY which demonstrate improved Ab titre and specificity.

Progress on Chicken Monoclonal Antibody Technology*

Monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) have the advantages of high specificity and stable expression, while avian IgY antibodies provide a series of advantages such as less interference reaction with non-specific proteins in immunoassays, and the immune system of birds reacts stronger with IgY production against highly conserved mammalian antigens than the mammalian immune system. Monoclonal IgY(mIgY) is a new antibody development concept to combine the both advantages of IgY and mAbs. It was reviewed the current research situation and improvement of mIgY, mainly focused on the theoretic background, techniques involved, research cases and application prospects of mIgY.

Recombinant IgY for improvement of immunoglobulin-based analytical applications

ObjectivesIn order to provide superior tools for diagnostic approaches and to prevent assay interference and background binding, the objective of this study was the establishment and evaluation of monoclonal IgY which are phylogenetically distant from mammalian immunoglobulins but have been unavailable so far. Design and methodsHuman, murine and avian monoclonal model antibodies were established and produced in mammalian cells. Their interaction with human serum components and Fcγ receptors was compared by ELISA and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). ResultsThe use of monoclonal IgY in contrast to mammalian antibodies prevented interference phenomena in absorbance measurements generated by human sera containing rheumatoid factor (RF) or heterophilic antibodies. Additionally, monoclonal IgY exhibited no interaction with the human and murine high-affinity receptor FCGR1 (CD64) and human low affinity receptor FCGR3a (CD16A). ConclusionsThe data obtained demonstrate the advantageous behaviour of monoclonal IgY as detection or capture antibodies compared to conventional mammalian immunoglobulins and provide a strategy for improvement of assay performance and accuracy.

Bivalent monoclonal IgY antibody formats by conversion of recombinant antibody fragments

Monoclonal IgY have the potential to become unique tools for diagnostic research and therapeutic purposes since avian antibodies provide several advantages due to their phylogenetic difference when compared to mammalian antibodies. The mechanism of avian immunoglobulin gene diversification renders chicken an excellent source for the generation of recombinant scFv as well as Fab antibody libraries of high diversity. One major limitation of these antibody fragments, however, is their monovalent format, impairing the functional affinity of the molecules and, thereby, their applicability in prevalent laboratory methods. In this study, we generated vectors for conversion of avian recombinant antibody fragments into different types of bivalent IgY antibody formats. To combine the properties of established mammalian monoclonal antibodies with those of IgY constant domains, we additionally generated bivalent murine/avian chimeric antibody constructs. When expressed in HEK-293 cells, all constructs yielded bivalent disulfide-linked antibodies, which exhibit a glycosylation pattern similar to that of native IgY as assessed by lectin blot analysis. After purification by one step procedures, the chimeric and the entire avian bivalent antibody formats were analyzed for antigen binding and interaction with secondary reagents. The data demonstrate that all antibody formats provide comparable antigen binding characteristics and the well established properties of avian constant domains.

Passive Immunization Through Avian Egg Antibodies

Oral administration of specific antibodies is an attractive approach to establish passive immunization against various pathogens in humans and animals. Egg yolk contains over 100 mg of IgY per egg and is considered to be a more hygienic and economical source of antibodies, than antibodies from mammalian sera. Recently, considerable research has focussed on the use of IgY as an alternative to mammalian antibodies for several applications, most notably for oral passive immunization against various bacteria and viruses. Oral administration of IgY has proven to be successful for the treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) pathogens such as bovine and human rotaviruses, bovine coronavirus, Yersinia ruckeri, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Edwardsiella, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas. Recent advances in hybridoma technology, for the production of monoclonal IgY, also present many benefits for its universal application. IgY technology has significant future opportunities for the design of strategies for the prevention and treatment of infectious gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals.