Monitoring Of Sea Surface Temperature Research Articles

First Analyses of the TIMELINE AVHRR SST Product: Long-Term Trends of Sea Surface Temperature at 1 km Resolution across European Coastal Zones

Coastal areas are among the most productive areas in the world, ecologically as well as economically. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has evolved as the major essential climate variable (ECV) and ocean variable (EOV) to monitor land–ocean interactions and oceanic warming trends. SST monitoring can be achieved by means of remote sensing. The current relatively coarse spatial resolution of established SST products limits their potential in small-scale, coastal zones. This study presents the first analysis of the TIMELINE 1 km SST product from AVHRR in four key European regions: The Northern and Baltic Sea, the Adriatic Sea, the Aegean Sea, and the Balearic Sea. The analysis of monthly anomaly trends showed high positive SST trends in all study areas, exceeding the global average SST warming. Seasonal variations reveal peak warming during the spring, early summer, and early autumn, suggesting a potential seasonal shift. The spatial analysis of the monthly anomaly trends revealed significantly higher trends at near-coast areas, which were especially distinct in the Mediterranean study areas. The clearest pattern was visible in the Adriatic Sea in March and May, where the SST trends at the coast were twice as high as that observed at a 40 km distance to the coast. To validate our findings, we compared the TIMELINE monthly anomaly time series with monthly anomalies derived from the Level 4 CCI SST anomaly product. The comparison showed an overall good accordance with correlation coefficients of R > 0.82 for the Mediterranean study areas and R = 0.77 for the North and Baltic Seas. This study highlights the potential of AVHRR Local Area Coverage (LAC) data with 1 km spatial resolution for mapping long-term SST trends in areas with high spatial SST variability, such as coastal regions.

Monitoring of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll, and turbidity in Tunisian waters from 2005 to 2020 using MODIS imagery and the Google Earth Engine

Time series ocean color data product facilitates the study of spatio-temporal variability of various physical parameters of water, which allows the monitoring of water quality, interannual variability in phytoplankton biomass, and seasonal representation at different latitudes.Its role in marine biogeochemistry, water quality distribution, and climate fluctuation is very crucial., However, the lack of in situ measurement induces poor management and knowledge of the dynamics of Tunisian coastal waters. Therefore, this study aims to develop a workflow to monitor Tunisian waters based on long-term spatial observations of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll, and turbidity observations.Long-term sea surface observations were automatically obtained by processing the daily Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua data via the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform from 2005 to 2020. The recorded average monthly and yearly trends are validated by point-based measurements from the Gulf of Gabes and a qualitative analysis based on the bibliographic synthesis of offshore measurement campaigns in Tunisian waters. The hottest years were 2006, 2007, and 2017 while the coldest ones (12–28 °C) were 2011, 2012, and 2016. The highest chlorophyll content (10 and 5 μg L-1) was observed in 2006, 2007, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, and 2019. In addition, Turbidity peaks ranging between 11 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and 5 NTU were identified during December and January of 2005 2008, and 2011. Moreover, seasonal cyclicity and high correlations between estimated parameters were observed. Overall, combining the Google Earth Engine tool with daily MODIS data was effective for the routine monitoring of water quality parameters that is fast, accurate, and important for Tunisian coast management.

Development and experimental validation of a Nuttall apodized fiber Bragg Grating sensor with a hydrophobic polymer coating suitable for monitoring sea surface temperature

Abstract Continuous monitoring of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is essential for predicting and understanding various complex meteorological processes. In this work, a novel fiber optic temperature sensor based on an apodized Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is proposed for measuring variations in SST. The sensor head is fabricated based on optimized grating profile and coating material. Experimental analysis reveals that the proposed sensor yields a temperature sensitivity of 13 pm/ ° C with a resolution of 0.023 ° C in the temperature ranging from 16 ° C to 30 ° C . Performance of the proposed temperature sensor is validated against commercial ocean sensors which provides a mean error of 0.2342 ° C thereby proving the potential of the proposed FBG sensor for efficient SST monitoring in real-time.

Sea Surface Temperature monitoring in Italian Seas: Analysis of long-term trends and short-term dynamics

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the various measurement collections that contribute to the observation of Sea Surface Temperature in Italian Seas. Long term time series are collected since the 19th century but are affected by a large systematic errors. Despite the lack of accuracy, their contribution to the analysis of trends is fundamental into the climate change context. On the other hand, recent systematic observations are more accurate and continuous in space and time. Short term time series better define the status of the temperature during the last years in term of variability and dynamics.

Results about ocean satellite observation

They have played more and more important roles in marine pollution monitoring, marine environment and marine disaster monitor and forecasting, marine resource investigation and marine scientific research. In this paper, the author will give a brief review of China's operational and scientific activities in satellites ocean observation during 2008 to 2010. These activities include the application of the HY-1B for red tide and green tide detecting and monitoring, sea ice monitoring, fishery resources assessment at coastal zone and ocean, marine water quality assessment, sea surface temperature monitoring and forecasting, ocean primary productivity and carbon cycle research, and the development in the ocean dynamic environment parameter application technology before launch of HY-2. The achievements we have made in the ocean observation and monitoring during the past 3 years indicate that, the development of the ocean satellite series and the application of the ocean satellite can greatly promote the development of China's three-dimensional marine observation system and earth-observation system from space, accordingly we can improve the ability of acquiring the marine environmental parameter to sustain the marine economy development and the sea defense construction.

Monitoring of sea surface temperature in the South China Sea

Since the early 1980s, the Malaysian Meteorological Service (MMS) has made concerted efforts to build up adequate meteorological data base for the South China Sea and the Straits of Malacca. Close rapport with local oil companies and universities has enabled MMS to widen its sources of such data.

Methodology for an operational monitoring of remotely-sensed sea surface temperatures in Indonesia

Abstract Operational sea surface temperature (SST) monitoring was tested with the study of large-scale SST features in Indonesia from July 1981 to June 1985. Digital data were provided by digitizing 208 weekly SST charts of NOAA-NESS. The pixel size corresponded to 1 ° 15' longitude and latitude. These data displayed a 0·5 deg K. r.m.s. error compared with 1985 in situ measurements. Iterative interactive factorial analyses combined with a parallelepiped classifier as a clustering technique enhanced the SST spatio-temporal features. The study area was divided into zones in which pixels had similar SST profiles and dates of occurrence of thermal anomalies were pointed out. Sea fronts and upwellings were mapped through spatio-temporal analyses of thermal gradients. This study stresses the possibility of operational SST monitoring for Indonesia, allowing simple data manipulation with hardware easily maintained locally.