Money Research Articles

An editorial perspective on Barbieri and Capri article: Is vaccination good value for money? A review of cost-utility analyses of vaccination strategies in eight European countries

An editorial perspective on Barbieri and Capri article: Is vaccination good value for money? A review of cost-utility analyses of vaccination strategies in eight European countries

El retorno de la inversión en las relaciones públicas, una revisión bibliográfica / The return on investment in public relations, a bibliographic review

La medicion economica de las acciones de comunicacion representa un area de gran interes para la comunidad academica, pero en la que no se ha conseguido aportar una solucion homogenea ni globalmente aceptada. Pese a este contexto ha emergido en la literatura sobre comunicacion el concepto conocido como retorno de la inversion (ROI) basado en el rendimiento financiero obtenido por una actividad. El estudio bibliografico del retorno de la inversion en la comunicacion, y especialmente en las relaciones publicas, senala la dificultad de convertir en dinero el exito de la actividad de los profesionales de las relaciones publicas. Esta situacion ha invitado a introducir variables no financieras para cuantificar el exito de las acciones de relaciones publicas. Sin embargo, tomando los trabajos previos sobre el tema, se puede afirmar que la evaluacion de las acciones de relaciones publicas puede tratarse desde la perspectiva del coste de oportunidad: el coste de la accion realizada respecto el coste de las otras opciones disponibles. Palabras claves : relaciones publicas, retorno de la inversion, comunicacion, coste de oportunidad Abstract This research has carried out a systematized bibliographic review to analyze how the return on investment (ROI) in communication, and specifically in public relations, has been theoretically treated. The financial measurement of communication outcomes represents a topic of great interest for the academic community because organizations need to know the real results of their communication efforts. At the same time, economic measurement turns out to be a variable that can be understood by the management of the organizations and allows them to know where the money is being spent. However, despite more than forty years of theoretical work, a homogeneous nor globally accepted solution has not yet been achieved. The bibliographical study of the return on investment in communication, and especially in public relations, shows the difficulty of turning the success of the activity of public relations professionals into money. On the one hand, there is no doubt that the ROI is directly related to financial data; on the other hand, in communication it is usual to introduce non-economic values to evaluate the results achieved. The bibliographical results indicate in the first instance that, on a quantitative level, the economic aspect is predominant in the calculation of the ROI (96.3%). In this context measurement by equivalence in advertising (AVE) is an economic model as used by professionals as it is rejected by researchers. It is based on comparing the cost of a presence in the media with the equivalent cost if it were advertising. Nevertheless, this model is criticized for the differences between advertising (a completely controlled message) and publicity (a message that is altered by the media). However, taking the previous works about the subject, it can be said that the evaluation of public relations actions can be dealt with from the perspective of opportunity cost: the loss of other alternatives when one alternative is chosen. In this way, the evaluation of the cost of a traditional advertising action can be compared with the cost of other options available to public relations professionals. For example, native advertising is a resource of public relations teams whose cost can easily be compared to traditional advertising. Native advertising is a paid promotion that matches the audience's consumption and contains information of interest to the advertiser. Hence opinions that reject the advertising equivalence measurement (AVE) are not justified when the product generated by public relations has the characteristics of native advertising because in both cases (advertising vs. native advertising) the professional can exactly compare the investment made with one instead of the other. Keywords : advertising press releases, native advertising, public relations, opportunity cost

THE UTILITY OF POLYSOMNOGRAPHY(PSG) MACHINE AS A RELIABLE LIE DETECTOR IN AN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED MOCK THEFT SITUATION

Objective- To compare the various parameters in polysomnographic recordings of individuals who had indulged in experimentally induced theft situation with subjects who had not indulged in an experimentally induced theft situation. Material and methods-The present study was conducted in the department of psychiatry, Sarojini Naidu Medical College (S.N.M.C.) Agra, between the periods, March 2010 and September 2011. The sample consisted of 102 medical students who had volunteered to participate in the study.  These volunteers were selected on the following criteria's. Result- The present study finding shows statistically  significant difference on EEG amplitude, there are C3-A2 lead EEG amplitude were significant in group A and group C (control versus stolen, at baseline p-value = 0.0001; after 10th minute p-value = 0.0007; and after 20th minute p-value = 0.0129); EEG amplitude in O1-A2 lead were significant in control and stolen group ( at baseline p-value = 0.0019 and after 10th minute p-value = 0.0505); EEG amplitude in O2-A1 lead were found significant in control versus stolen group ( at baseline p-value = 0.0002, after 10th minute p-value = 0.0347, and 20th minute p-value = 0.0262). Conclusion- The changes observed in the amplitude of C3-A2 and O2-A1 leads along with C4-A1 (mv), O1-A2 (mv) leads could better identify the subjects who had stolen money, due to higher apprehension created for being caught during their PSG recordings while other leads which did not show significant changes in the PSG recordings could be considered as being not affected during deception. Keyword-    Polysomnography, Amplitude, Lie Detection

Clinical and economical improvements after introducing rapid identification of bacteria and early antibiotic susceptibility testing in sepsis and bloodstream infections. Results of the PHENOMENON study.

Background: Sepsis and bloodstream infections pose severe challenges in intensive care. Early reliable diagnosis is the key to successful therapy. The objective of the study presented here was to investigate the clinical and economical effects of the new PhenoTM BC test, which allows bacteria identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in approximately 7 hours after a blood culture becomes positive (BC+).Methods: Historically controlled interventional study. Population: patients with BC+ and ICU admission. Inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy (IAT) is need of therapy change based on result. Prospectively the new test was used in addition. Primary endpoint: time-to-result in hours. Contribution margin (CM) i.e. revenue – costs was computed. All patients formed the intention-to-treat population (ITT). Patients with complete cost data formed the modified ITT group (mITT). CM results were calculated for mITT and PP. Further analyses: length-of-stay (LOS) and mortality.Results: 223 historical and 200 prospective patients were included. Time to result (ITT) was shortened by 51.1 hours (83 vs. 31.9; p<0.001). Overall savings (mITT) were 257,100 € (–301,264 € vs. –44,164 €). 143 of 181 (79%) patients had a test performed, 126 of 143 (88%) having a clinically useable result. 40 (32%) had IAT vs. 65 (29%) in the historic cohort. Median time to AST in PP was shortened by 61.7 hours (89.5 vs. 27.8; p<0.001). LOS was shortened 7 days (28 vs. 19; p=0.226) and mortality was 8% (40.5% vs. 32.5%; p=0.440) lower. Median CM +3,074.80 € per case (–2,350.50 € vs. +724.70 €; p=0.040). Conclusion: The new PhenoTM ID+AST test leads to faster and clinically meaningful results and saves money by shortening LOS on the ICU.

The Cross-conflict of Kriya and Crafts in Indonesia

This article aims to find out and understand about the terminology, concept of creation, and quality of kriya and crafts. This research is a qualitative descriptive, namely various attempts to understand the phenomenon of Indonesian kriya based on existing facts. The arranged data is information data generated through literature and document studies based on the trustworthiness of naturalistic studies. The results of the study show that the chaos between kriya and crafts from the past until now has made the demands of tasks and responsibilities of kriyawan, while craftsmen tend to ignore the quality of the work produced. Kriyawan tend to move in areas that lead to aesthetic qualities in the sense of pursuing beautiful kriya, and emphasize skill as an important variable and ignore the function of the work. Meanwhile, with the entry of tourism, craftsmen tend to ignore the quality of materials and skills. The work is made randomly because of the pursuit of money. The phenomenon of decreasing quality of kriya and handicrafts really needs to be studied further, so that the dichotomy of the two becomes clear and the quality of novelty in their respective responsibilities increases. The novelty of kriya is a distinctive, creative demand full of meaning, while novelty in craft is the accuracy of the imitation in order to fulfill the industrial world.

Designing a cryptosystem for data at rest encryption in mobile payments

ABSTRACT Since the evolution of m-commerce, security and entrustment of digitized transactions have become of captious concern to financial institutions. Card information hacking has caused money losses around the world, therefore it is imperative for financial institutions to get rid of such losses. Currently, the number of mobile payment schemes have been purposed but primarily the schemes aim attention at transaction security, fraud detection and prevention, not on data at rest encryption in mobile payments. Therefore, this work aims attention to encrypt sensitive static data residing at database server in mobile payments. Data at rest is the static data i.e., card details of the users which resides at the server. It is essential to ensure that the sensitive data of the payment users stay protected so as to prevent the adversaries looking for unauthorized access to the data. The encryption of data at rest is accomplished at the database level in this work. Cryptography is increasingly being used to combat against the security of sensitive data to guarantee data confidentiality and data integrity. In this work a cryptosystem is proposed which describes the management of cryptographic keys of the sensitive data at rest, in a mobile payment system with symmetric cryptographic implementation, the keys involved are identical for both encrypting and decrypting the sensitive data.

Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleriyle Metro Sürücüsü Seçimi

Ulaşım sektöründe uygun olmayan personelin seçimi para ve zaman kaybının yanı sıra, kullanıcıların güvenliğini de etkilemektedir. Uygun personel seçimi problemi aslında çok kriterli bir karar verme problemidir. Bu çalışmada bir büyükşehir belediyesi metrosunda vatman olarak çalışacak personelin seçilmesi için çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak literatür araştırması ve uzman görüşmeleri sonucu kriterler belirlenerek, bu kriterler AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Pro-cess) yöntemi ile ağırlıklandırılmıştır. Daha sonra GRA (Grey Relational Analysis) ve TOPSIS yöntemleri ile adaylar sıralanmıştır. İki farklı yöntemin sonuçları kıyaslanarak çalışmanın tutarlılığı incelenmiştir. Personel seçiminde sayısal olmayan kriterlerin sayısallaştırılarak daha objektif seçimler yapılabileceği gösterilmiştir. Yazarların bilgisine göre bu çalışma, literatürde metro sürücüsü seçimi için yapılan ilk çalışmadır. Ayrıca personelin sıralanması aşamasında iki farklı yöntem kullanarak sonuçların tutarlılığını inceleyen nadir çalışmalardan biridir.

Des mariages à tout prix ? Genèse, contestation et régulation du marché de la rencontre (1840-1940)

Depuis le début du xix e  siècle jusqu’à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la société française assiste à l’invention d’un marché de la rencontre. L’émergence de ce marché se heurte à une solide contestation morale : les agences matrimoniales sont perçues comme une dangereuse extension des activités marchandes à la sphère intime. L’article entreprend de montrer que cette critique de la marchandisation est profondément paradoxale pour la société du xix e  siècle, puisque l’émergence de ce marché ne s’accompagne pas d’une dérégulation des rencontres amoureuses et d’un désencastrement du choix du conjoint au sens où l’entendrait Eva Illouz, mais qu’il s’appuie, au contraire, sur un écosystème du choix du conjoint très largement dominé par les cadres sociaux, économiques et familiaux. Puisque le critère économique est la première règle d’appariement des couples bourgeois, les agences matrimoniales ne sont pas coupables de l’intrication de l’argent avec l’intimité, mais seulement de la rendre visible. Dès lors que cette exhibition nourrit la contestation du marché, elle conduit également marchands et clientèle à élaborer des stratégies diverses pour rendre acceptables aux yeux de la morale autant l’intrication économie/intime que le poids de l’économie dans les critères de choix du conjoint.

Money Management Behavior and Issues among Congolese University Students: Requirement for Educational Finance

Abstract: This study investigated the factors that influence a number of financial issues students face in the Democratic Republic of Congo. A survey was conducted to collect the data for this study. Respondents were asked to demonstrate which of the ten financial education topics they were keen on taking. Descriptive statistics was utilized to present the data. The results show that loans, residential status, and impulse spending were the causes that brought about the students’ financial issues. By identifying the causes of students’ financial issues, educators may be able offer a course, in which students can learn the money management skills needed to address these issues. The respondents were asked if they would be interested in financial education if offered. Almost all of the students expressed their interest in learning how to manage their money. In conclusion, many of the respondents did not have sufficient knowledge and skills in managing their financial affairs.Keywords: financial issues, loans, residential status, impulse spending, money management Perilaku dan Masalah Pengelolaan Uang di Kalangan Mahasiswa Universitas Kongo: Kebutuhan Keuangan PendidikanAbstrak: Penelitian ini menyelidiki faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sejumlah masalah keuangan yang dihadapi siswa di Republik Demokratik Kongo. Sebuah survei dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data untuk penelitian ini. Responden diminta untuk menunjukkan yang mana dari sepuluh topik pendidikan keuangan yang mereka minati. Statistik deskriptif digunakan untuk menyajikan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pinjaman, status tempat tinggal, dan pengeluaran impulsif merupakan penyebab yang menimbulkan masalah keuangan siswa. Dengan mengidentifikasi penyebab masalah keuangan siswa, pendidik mungkin dapat menawarkan kursus, agar siswa dapat mempelajari keterampilan pengelolaan uang yang diperlukan untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Para responden ditanya apakah mereka akan tertarik dengan pendidikan keuangan jika ditawarkan. Hampir semua siswa menyatakan minatnya untuk mempelajari cara mengelola uang mereka. Kesimpulannya, banyak responden yang tidak memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang memadai dalam mengelola urusan keuangannya.Kata Kunci: masalah keuangan, pinjaman, status tempat tinggal, pengeluaran impulsif, pengelolaan uang

Book review: Bidyut Mohanty and Victor Faessel (Eds.), Our Money, Our Lives: Microcredit and Women’s Empowerment in Cross Cultural Perspective

Bidyut Mohanty and Victor Faessel (Eds.), Our Money, Our Lives: Microcredit and Women’s Empowerment in Cross Cultural Perspective. Delhi: Aakar Books, 2018, 280 pages, ₹795 (Hardcover). ISBN 978-93-5002-555-0.

Peran Gerakan “Sewu-Sewu” dalam Pembangunan Desa dengan Berbasis Gotong –Royong

This research was conducted by observing the location to see how the community looks for alternative policies that can help solve the problem of limited development funds in the surrounding environment, and finally to explore and understand sewu-sewu activities as a way to generate community-based development funds. This study used a survey method with direct observation, structured interviews and tested the validity of the data using source triangulation. The results showed that the provision of public goods (public facilities) can be realized through mutual cooperation which is reflected in sewu-sewu activities. This activity includes regulation and management in which there is a money collection process, distribution process and a process of managing sewu-sewu collection. The implementation of this activity is carried out in RW. 4 villages of Karang Asem, Luwemunding District, Majalengka Regency. Through the implementation of this activity, it can increase the independence of a community to be able to provide community needs, one of which is in the form of physical development through community self-help.&#x0D; Abstrak&#x0D; Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengamatan ke lokasi untuk melihat bagaimana cara masyarakat dalam mencari alternatif kebijakan yang dapat membantu memecahkan masalah keterbatasan dana pembangunan di lingkungan sekitar, dan akhirnya menggali serta memahami kegiatan sewu-sewu sebagai suatu cara untuk menghasilkan dana pembangunan yang berbasis komunitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan observasi langsung, wawancara terstruktur dan menguji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyediaan barang publik (fasilitas umum) dapat di wujudkan melalui gotong royong yang tercermindalam kegiatan sewu-sewu. Kegiatan ini meliputi pengaturan dan pengurusan yang didalamnya terdapat proses pengumpulan uang, proses pendistribusian dan proses pengelolaan hasil pengumpulan sewu-sewu. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dilakukan di RW. 4 desa Karang Asem Kecamatan Luwemunding Kabupaten Majalengka. Melalui pelaksanaan kegiatan ini, dapat meningkatkan kemandirian suatu komunitas warga untuk dapat menyediakan kebutuhan komunitas yang salah satunya berupa pembanguna fisik melalui swadaya masyarakat.&#x0D;  &#x0D;  

Etnomatemática e Trabalho Colaborativo na Educação Inclusiva de Adultos no Contexto da Economia Solidária

Este artigo aborda atividades pedagógicas de Educação Matemática desenvolvidas no contexto de um Empreendimento Econômico Solidário (EES) que tem por finalidade a inserção de indivíduos com transtorno mental no mercado de trabalho. O objetivo desta investigação foi planejar e executar ações pedagógicas com base nos princípios da Etnomatemática e no trabalho colaborativo de Vygotsky, visando sanar dificuldades matemáticas advindas das demandas do processo produtivo deste empreendimento. A pesquisa seguiu uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa pautada na metodologia de pesquisa-ação, a qual buscou promover a transformação social do grupo pesquisado pela solução de problemas inerentes às suas atividades. Como resultado observou-se que considerar a Etnomatemática deste EES favoreceu a compreensão e a valorização de práticas matemáticas e que o trabalho colaborativo desenvolvido auxiliou as discussões sobre procedimentos e conceitos matemáticos, fortalecendo principalmente o princípio da cooperação, que é um dos pilares da Economia Solidária.

Pertanggungjawaban Bank Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang yang Tidak Menjalankan Prinsip Kehati-Hatian

Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang yang dikenal dengan istilah money laundering merupakan proses dimana aset-aset pelaku terutama asset tunai yang diperoleh dari suatu tindak pidana dimanipulasikan sedemikian rupa sehingga aset tersebut seolah-olah berasal dari sumber yang sah. Bank sebagai lembaga penyedia jasa keuangan menjadi incaran dan sarana untuk melakukan tindak kejahatan termasuk tindak pidana pencucian uang. Adanya prinsip kehati-hatian bank salah satunya bertujuan untuk mencegah bank menjadi media tindak pidana pencucian uang, turunan dari prinsip kehati-hatian bank adalah prinsip mengenal nasabah yang telah berkembang menjadi prinsip customer due dilligence (CDD) dan enhanced due dilligence (EDD) wajib diterapkan oleh bank, kegiatan berupa identifikasi calon nasabah dan memantau karakteristik transaksi setiap nasabah, serta melaporkan apabila ada transaksi mencurigakan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. tindakan bank yang tidak menjalankan prinsip tersebut akan dikenakan hukuman sebagaimana yang diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai prinsip mengenal nasabah. Maka seharusnya bank bertanggungjawab ketika tidak melaksanakan prinsip kehati-hatian bank berkaitan dengan upaya pencegahan tindak pidana pencucian uang. 

INFORMATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT OF CHEATING BIRDS IN BNR POTRE KONENG PAMEKASAN

Boy N Rusly (BNR) Pamekasan is a chirping lover community in Pamekasan district. Nowadays, there are many bird enthusiasts in various regions. Bird enthusiasts find it difficult to find information about bird race schedules. Participants find it difficult to get information to register and see the value of the results of the race. Similar to the registration payment that can be done during registration or after the competition, this sometimes causes incompatibility of registration data with the money obtained because there are participants who have not paid the registration fee. Of the various problems experienced by bird enthusiasts and the bird race committee, we need a technology that is globalized so that it can be accessed at any time. One solution to overcome this problem is that an Android-based bird contest application is needed so that it can be used by bird fans and the bird race committee to solve this problem and make it easier for participants to get information, purchase ticket processes and view the results of the competition assessment. Making management information system Twitter birds contest to be easily accessed by websites and smartphones, so for the design and development of mobile and website-based applications. Data collection was carried out by observation, literature study and interviews. Then the data is applied to the website and smartphone application. To implement website and mobile based applications designed with the Java programming language and Codeigneter. System testing uses the waterfall method to test sequentially.

Money well spent

Money well spent

Gluten-free Products in the UK Retail Environment. Availability, Pricing, Consumer Opinions in a Longitudinal Study

Gluten free products are essential for people who suffer from coeliac disease or have a more generic gluten intolerance. In both instances people are forced to resort to consuming gluten free (GF) foods. We carried out two online surveys to gauge the sentiments from people purchasing GF produce, and we carried out two retail observation studies. These studies were carried out in 2015 and repeated again 2019. Bread was the most commonly purchased GF product, but also the most complained about GF product, both from a quality and a price point of view. These sentiments did not change much from 2015 to 2019. One clear set of trends was that people purchased less specialty flour and raising agent when comparing 2019 to 2015, and they did less home-baking over the same period. Furthermore, the decrease in home-baking coincided with a relative increase in satisfaction in the quality of GF products. With regards to observations made across 11 supermarkets, we observed an overall increase in the number of GF line items, with the budget supermarkets offering a very small selection of produce labelled as GF in 2019 only. Our research shows that the relative cost of GF items increased from 2015 to 2019, with the average price ratio of GF food to non-GF foods rising from 3.2 to 4.1 across all UK supermarkets. Ultimately, GF produce cost significantly more compared to similar, gluten-containing foods, while many of the GF products, especially GF breads, still underperform when it comes to the perceived quality and value for money.

Tony Soprano's America: Gangsters, Guns, and Money. M. KeithBooker and IsraDaraiseh. Rowman and Littlefield, 2020. 256 pp. $42.00 cloth., $39.50 ebook.

Tony Soprano's America: Gangsters, Guns, and Money. M. KeithBooker and IsraDaraiseh. Rowman and Littlefield, 2020. 256 pp. $42.00 cloth., $39.50 ebook.

Effect of Selected Macroeconomic Variables on the Profitability of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria: 2007-2018

This study examines the effect of selected macroeconomic variables on the profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study is based on the arbitrage pricing theory (APT) propounded by Ross (1976) and secondary data was used for the study. The hypotheses were tested using the OLS multiple regression analysis and results reveal that, Interest rate (H01) with B = -0.254, t = -0.237, p = .819; Exchange rate (H02) with B = -0.076, t = -2.093, p = .075 Gross domestic product (H03) with B = 0.643, t = 0.545, p = .602 and Inflation rate (H04) with B = 0.182, t = 0.343, p = .743 are not significant predictor of Net interest margin. The implication is that, the selected macroeconomic variables are not a significant predictor of deposit money bank profitability for the period of study.

PENGARUH ROE DAN EPS TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN PEMBANGUNAN TAHUN 2012-2017 YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Return on Equity (ROE) adalah dengan membandingkan laba bersih setelah pajak dengan total ekuitas Rasio Earning Per Share (EPS) merupakan rasio yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan jumlah uang yang dihasilkan dari setiap lembar saham biasa.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui earning per share dan return on equity pada perusahaan pembangunan tahun 2012-2017 yang terdaftar di bei.populasi seluruh perusahaan pembangunan yang terdaftar di bei tahun 2012-2017 yaitu 16 perusahaan ,dari populasi tersebut di peroleh sampel data sebanyak 11 perusahaan yang sesuai kriteria sampling .dalam penelitian ini mengunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda.hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa ROE tidak bepengaruh terhadap harga saham dan EPS berpengaruh terhadap harga saham.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

On the Safety Theorem

The contrivances of humankind come into existence through divine intervention, stealth, creative impulse, transformation, systematic design, evolutionary forces, and accidental benevolence. According to the safety theorem the elements of this cosmic stew have a common property, they can all cause harm. The safety theorem appears in many of the most important safety concepts, e.g., the colloquial definition of safety, the technical definition of safety, the control hierarchy, risk abatement, “safety through design” protocol, alternative design theory, and the classification of safety devices. According to the safety theorem, The colloquial definition of safety, freedom from the occurrence of injury or loss, exists only as a concept not a reality. A safe state does not exist, it may be approached asymptotically in the sense that a cup cannot be emptied by drinking half, followed by drinking half the remainder, etc. You may get as close to empty as you want; but, an infinite number of trials will not empty the cup. Laypeople by and large mistakenly believe that products can be made perfectly safe if enough money and time were focused on their design. This paper offers a proof of the safety theorem together with some of its applications.