Monetary Relations Research Articles

Asymmetrical Monetary Relations and Involuntary Unemployment in a General Equilibrium Model

Abstract This article aims to model Keynesian involuntary unemployment within the framework of Walrasian general equilibrium, incorporating an additional hypothesis: the possibility of credit restrictions by banks or financial intermediaries. Keynes’s theory of involuntary unemployment is based on the rejection of the “second classical postulate,” which leads to the idea that entrepreneurs alone decide the level of employment. This is what some Keynesians call the asymmetry of the wage relationship. The result is a restriction of Walras’ law, which no longer includes the labor market. However, the problem is that entrepreneurs themselves may find themselves constrained by financial intermediaries. If there is a second type of asymmetry, i.e., between banks/financial intermediaries and entrepreneurs, Walras’ law will be doubly restricted since it will also exclude the credit market. I set out to identify the consequences of the properties of involuntary unemployment in a general equilibrium model.

Significance of the insurance market for the financial system of Ukraine

In conditions of developed market relations and strengthening of globalization processes, the development of the insurance market is determined by the socio-economic needs of the society’s development. The paper examines the definition of “insurance market” and shows the place of insurance companies among other key players in the financial system of Ukraine. The results of the study showed that the insurance market should be considered as a special sphere of monetary relations, where the subject of purchase and sale is a specific service—insurance protection—and where supply and demand for this service are formed. The development of the insurance market is determined by two main aspects. Firstly, this is due to the need of the population and business entities for insurance protection due to many risks. Secondly, the insurance fund as a whole has a monetary form, which makes it a full participant in the country’s monetary system and a method of interaction with other participants in the money market. Insurance companies are providers of financial services in Ukraine along with banks, investment, leasing, brokerage companies, credit unions, payment institutions and other participants in the financial system. The essence of insurance companies is revealed due to their functions. Among the functions of the insurance market, risk, financial, incentive, control, social, redistribution, investment and accumulation functions are identified. The main aspects characterizing the positive impact of the insurance market on the development of Ukraine are also noted and disclosed. Among the components through which insurance companies have a positive impact on the development of Ukraine are financial protection and stability, attracting investment, supporting entrepreneurship, social security, increasing financial literacy of the population, and promoting the development of international relations. The conducted research allows us to assert that the level of development of the insurance market reflects the possibilities of economic growth of Ukraine and is one of the main indicators of the developed financial system of the state.

Virtualization and the impact on monetary relations

Virtualization and the impact on monetary relations

PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF CURRENCY SECURITY IN UKRAINE: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES IN MODERN REALITIES

The article examines issues related to the effectiveness of public administration in the field of monetary security in Ukraine. The article presents general characteristics of the nature, state, and dynamics of the effectiveness of public administration in the field of currency security in Ukraine. The assessment of the current state and dynamics of the currency security indicators in Ukraine was made on the basis of the characteristics of the state monetary policy components indicators compared to similar indicators in Poland. The characteristics of exchange rate dynamics, GDP dynamics, and labour market dynamics in Ukraine and Poland are presented. The main economic factors affecting the exchange rate, namely the inflation rate and the state of the balance of trade account of the balance of payments have been considered. The main factors reducing the efficiency of Ukraine's monetary security administration are detailed. The dynamics of the indicators of the level of Ukraine's shadow economy proved to be contrary to the goals and objectives of the "Strategy of Ukraine's Economic Security until 2025". The ways to minimize the negative influencing factors and, accordingly, strengthen the implementation of monetary and credit policy and improve the efficiency of state management of monetary security of Ukraine were proposed. The development of currency circulation in Ukraine is ensured by the state's influence on monetary relations by specially authorized bodies with different legal statuses and powers. In practice, difficulties arise in the application of monetary law in the process of currency regulation. The mechanisms of interaction between state control bodies in the field of currency regulation have not yet been established, which weakens the position of the state in the currency market and hinders the process of integration into the international economic system.

Trade and economic relations of Eastern Caucasus with Russia (17th–18th centuries)

Importance. In the 17th–18th centuries the development and strengthening of trade and economic relations between the peoples of Eastern Caucasus and the Russian state took place, which became systematic since the second half of the 16th century. The urgency of the work is due to the importance of studying these relationships, identifying the ways in which trade and economic relations took place. The aim of the paper is to consider the relations of the peoples of Eastern Caucasus with Russia, to reflect the role of cities, villages acting as trade centers between peoples.Materials and Methods. The object of the study was trade and economic relations of the peoples of Eastern Caucasus with Russia. The main scientific methods used in the paper can be attributed – the method of description, synthesis, analysis, the principle of objectivity, etc.Results and Discussion. It is noted the growing role of cities as trade centers, through which trade routes passed to different countries. Thus, Tersky city is a link in the trade of the peoples of Eastern Caucasus with the Russian state. Local feudal owners are given free trade for loyalty to the Russian state, which testified to the further development of the productive forces of the region and external economic relations. The peoples of Eastern Caucasus traded with the townspeople and merchants of Astrakhan, from Terki to Astrakhan went goods and products of Caucasian production and from Astrakhan to the mountain people are delivered Russian, Western European and Eastern goods. In the 18th century, in Eastern Caucasus there are trading centers, where the exchange of goods is conducted between the plain and the mountainous parts.Conclusion. Initially, the trade of the peoples of Eastern Caucasus with the neighboring peoples is of an exchange nature. Gradually there is a transition to the development of commodity and monetary relations, which is characteristic for foreign trade operations. The local feudal elite are mainly involved in trade, which managed the process through their own people, and later the middle classes became involved.

Mining in Russia. Cryptocurrencies as investment

In modern conditions, when parity international financial and monetary relations are turning from traditional instruments of economic interaction into instruments of neocolonial political pressure and blackmail of economically strong countries against weaker ones, the need for a new global financial order and monetary standard, that would be independent of the will of any central bank, but with a value as reliable as that of modern fiat currencies, is increasingly realized. Today, the global economy feels the urgent need for fundamentally new opportunities for market interaction and monetary exchange. Cryptocurrencies have become such tools — electronic decentralized money issued by specific individuals in specialized open computer networks through the transformation of electricity into fixed computer codes. The process of such transformation is called mining, which uses ASIC miners as computer equipment to obtain cryptocurrency. The concept of cryptocurrencies and the specifics of investing in them are considered. The characteristic is presented of the current state and dynamics of the development of the crypto market. The possibilities and methods of forecasting the development of the cryptocurrency market are shown both using classical methods of economic forecasting and a fundamentally new methodology based on the current assessment of the psychological state of participants in the crypto market and their readiness to commit certain economic actions. An assessment is given of the possibilities of investing in mining as a technology for mining cryptocurrencies. Requirements to special mining equipment — ASIC miners — are described. An assessment is given of the prospects for the development of the crypto economy.

Соціокультурне походження грошей і взаємодоповнення реального та віртуального простору метавсесвіту

Understanding the socio-cultural foundations of the institution of money, relying in interaction with donors on the deep, "silent", essential foundations of the functioning of the monetary system is an important prerequisite for success in ensuring the financial stability of a national economy. The purpose of the paper is to trace the evolution of the qualitative and quantitative components of the institution of monetary relations in the process of changing economic systems as an important prerequisite for financial support of Ukraine during the defense of its independence and post-war recovery. Attention is focused on the interdisciplinary nature of the study of the phenomenon of money as an institution that complementarily combines virtual and real economic components of the metauniverse. The conflicting relationship between the phenomenal and the essential, the sacred and the profane, the quantitative and the qualitative, is revealed in the institution of money. The evolution of forms of money from the archaic to the digital economy and the influence of sacred factors on it are traced. The author reveals the complementarity of monetary, religious, ideological, political, and legal institutions as a tool for ensuring the existence of society as a whole in the combination of its virtual and real components. Attention is given to the actualization of reciprocity relationships in the process of forming the digital economy. It is shown that the prerequisites for their formation are kinship, and closeness by social attitudes. Accordingly, relations of exchange (market) and redistribution (state) are complemented by system-forming institutions of gift. M. Godelier attributes to the conditions for the formation of "gift management" the following: the leading role of personal relationships in the creation of social ties, the interest of individuals and social groups in selflessness for social reproduction and their own existence, and the prevalence of traditions of mutual relations-obligations. "What creates the obligation to give is that the giving creates obligations" - this is how the scientist formulates this principle. Solidarity is based on the voluntary transfer of part of what you have. At the same time, accepting a gift puts the recipient in the position of debtor in relation to the donor. It is shown that preferential lending, provision of grant support, involvement in joint projects, in particular in the field of supporting Ukraine's defense capability and the development of the national economy, can be considered an example of a complementary combination of quantitative, real (purely economic exchange relations) and qualitative, virtual (reciprocal relations) components of the monetary system.

Bank payment cards as the main form of modern monetary relations and basis of money circulation

Introduction. Today, payment cards are a key tool for remote access of money holders to bank accounts and a means of moving funds through the financial sector, and therefore are the main driver of the organization of payment services. This allows to assert that the development of banking operations with payment cards is of fundamental importance for ensuring the smooth functioning of settlement systems, improving the mechanisms of monetary regulation and providing the economy with an adequate amount of means of payment, which decisively depends on the effective organization of money circulation in general. Due to the fact that payment cards are one of the most powerful tools that affect the structure of the country's entire payment circulation, the study of card payment systems and the market of payment instruments at the macro level is becoming increasingly important and relevant. Goal. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the modern role of bank payment cards as the main form of monetary relations, in connection with which there is a need to clarify the main trends in the development of the market of payment instruments. Methodology. General scientific techniques and tools, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, consolidation and grouping, scientific abstraction are used. Results. The current trends in the development of the payment system in the context of digitalization of the economy and virtualization of monetary relations, in which payment cards are a key tool for access to bank accounts and a means of moving funds, are analyzed. The role of payment cards as the basis of the modern settlement mechanism, which affects the structure of payment circulation, is considered, and the advantages of payment cards for all participants in settlement transactions are determined. The current trends in the development of the payment card market in Ukraine in terms of the number, volume and structure of card transactions are studied and systematized. The negative trends and problems accompanying transactions with payment cards are analyzed, and the directions of optimization of the settlement mechanism are determined.

РОЛЬ БАНКА РОССИИ В ПОВЫШЕНИИ НАДЕЖНОСТИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ БАНКОВСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

This article presents the analysis of financial and monetary relations as an integral part of modern society. Any insignificant and global changes in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and in commercial banks in one way or another affect the redistribution of resources, the efficiency and stability of the financial system as a whole.

ВПЛИВ ЦИФРОВИХ ВАЛЮТ НА ФІНАНСОВИЙ СЕКТОР

The article studies the development of digital technologies in the global economy. It is determined that central bank digital currencies open up new opportunities in improving the efficiency of payment systems, reducing the cost of transactions in e-commerce, and increasing the level of financial inclusion. It has been found that the introduction of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) may affect the deposit base of banks, potentially leading to increased costs and changes in their business models. However, beyond simple costs, a CBDC could also negatively impact the stability of the banking sector by expanding direct access to central bank liabilities, providing a public substitute for bank deposits, and altering bank business models. In general, competition for bank deposits from CBDCs may alter the architecture of the financial system, displacing the class of private debt, forcing banks to rely on alternative sources of financing, and possibly making the banking sector more vulnerable. The trilemma, which illustrates the fundamental principles of trade faced by central banks in managing CBDCs, has been analysed, demonstrating the complexity of balancing them in response to changes in financial technologies and economic expectations. According to Schilling, this trilemma asserts that a central bank managing a CBDC can achieve at most two of the following three objectives: financial stability, efficiency (optimal distribution of risks), or price stability. Choosing one of these objectives will inevitably lead to the sacrifice of at least one of the other two. It is concluded that digital central bank currencies are a new frontier in international monetary relations that can significantly change the way countries conduct cross-border trade, monetary policy, and financial cooperation. The impact of CBDCs on the financial sector can have far-reaching consequences, both positive and potentially negative. On the one hand, CBDCs promise to revolutionise the financial sector by improving the efficiency of payment systems, reducing transaction costs, and promoting greater financial inclusion. On the other hand, they can negatively impact the stability of the current financial system.

Financial instruments to counter the exploitation of natural resources

Currently, the financial activities of the state cover all areas of the country's economic activity, including all monetary relations between all entities producing tangible and intangible assets within the country and foreign countries, as well as interstate relations and with all international funds. The state’s implementation of financial activities is aimed at its own provision of financial resources to fulfill its most important tasks: creating a material and technical base for the education and systematic increase of the “middle stratum” of society, increasing the material and cultural standard of living of the civilian population, ensuring the economic and military security of the country, promoting the strengthening of international cooperation. The exploitation of natural resources is seen as one of the ways in which terrorist organizations control and hold territory. This issue also relates to how terrorist organizations finance themselves through criminal activities and possible links to organized crime groups. Such criminal activities include extortion, smuggling, theft, illegal mining, kidnapping for ransom, corruption and environmental crimes. Since the main sources of extremism and terrorism are unresolved, constantly growing social contradictions and intertwined with them negatively influencing social processes, phenomena or conflicts in certain spheres of public life. And addressing the issues of countering the financing of terrorism today is the most important in the modern world.

Genesis of the Russian Financial System and Ways of Its Transformation: Soviet and Modern Periods

The financial system is derived from the economic model of society. The purpose of our research is to develop the scientific foundations of the genesis of the Russian financial system, allowing us to determine the conditions, causes, factors and elements that can form scientific and practical proposals for its further development, taking into account the current political and economic situation. The Russian financial system has gone through several stages of development: catch-up development finance, war communism finance, new economic policy finance, Soviet finance, neoliberal and globalist finance, national finance. At each of these stages, fundamental changes occurred both in the financial system itself and in its elements. In theory and practice, there is high theoretical, methodological and methodological uncertainty regarding the elements of the financial system. In this context, their study from a historical perspective is relevant. It is proposed to highlight the following main elements: national currency, payment system, monetary relations, tax system, banking system, insurance system, mortgage system, public finance, securities market, mutual investment funds and non-state pension funds, exchange trading, existence of relationships with international finance. The research methodology is based on a theoretical analysis of the basic scientific principles of the formation of the financial system and its elements. The information and empirical basis for the study were scientific research, statistical data, and analytical reviews. The object of observation is the Russian financial system for the period 1928 to the present. The scientific novelty lies in the formation of the author's conceptual approach to the financial system and its elements, and the imperatives for the emergence of economic problems caused by the underdevelopment of the financial system are identified. The study showed the need to further improve the elements of the financial system to ensure economic growth and development.

Genesis of the Russian Financial System and the Ways of its Transformation: the Period Before 1928

The life of modern human society is impossible without an effective economic model. In turn, functioning economies are ensured by the financial system of society. The purpose of this scientific research is to formulate a scientific approach to the development of the domestic financial system, which, unlike most foreign ones, has gone through stages of a complete change in the current paradigm. The Russian financial system has gone through mutually exclusive stages of development: finance of catch-up development, finance of war communism, finance of the new economic policy, Soviet finance, neoliberal and globalist finance, national finance. Each of these stages reflects fundamental changes in the methods and methods of management, which could not but affect the elements of the financial system. In financial theory and practice, there is high theoretical, methodological and methodological uncertainty regarding the elements of the financial system. In this context, their study from a historical perspective is relevant. It is proposed to highlight the following main elements: national currency, payment system, monetary relations, tax system, banking system, insurance system, mortgage system, public finance, securities market, mutual investment funds and non-state pension funds, exchange trading, existence of relationships with international finance. The research methodology is based on a theoretical analysis of the basic scientific principles of the formation of the financial system and its elements. The informational and empirical basis for the research was scientific research by Russian and foreign scientists, data from state and corporate statistics, and information and analytical reviews. The object of observation is the Russian financial system before 1928. The scientific novelty lies in the formation of the author's conceptual approach to the financial system and its elements, and the imperatives for the emergence of economic problems caused by the underdevelopment of the financial system are identified. The study showed the need to further improve the elements of the financial system to ensure economic growth and development.

Theoretical prerequisites for studying the phenomenon of monetary culture

Introduction. The article deals with the prerequisites for studying the phenomenon of monetary culture of the individual. The author analyzes monetary culture and the role of money from the perspectives of philosophy, sociology, economics and psychology. Aim. To analyze scientific studies on monetary culture as a socio-psychological phenomenon conducted by Ukrainian and foreign scientists. Methods: system analysis, synthesis, and generalization. Results. The analyzed the theoretical prerequisites for studying the phenomenon of monetary culture, its social and psychological nature, as well as the main theories of money. Researchers propose different approaches to social and psychological aspects of money. A relatively new concept of monetary culture is defined as the process and result of the individual's development of knowledge about money, monetary behavior skills, and a holistic reflection of monetary relations. Conclusions. The article analyzes the main theoretical approaches that are the prerequisites for studying monetary culture as a socio-psychological phenomenon.

On the need to create an interstate gold-backed digital currency

Subject. This article focuses on the issues of creating an interstate currency, different from the existing world's reserve currencies, for export and import operations with various countries. Objectives. The article aims to develop the main provisions for the creation of an interstate currency to overcome the current and possible sanctions pressure of the United States, Western countries and Japan on the rest of the world, as well as its introduction into the world non-Western financial system. Methods. For the study, I used the dialectical, historical, logical, and economic and methodological research methods. Results. The article critically assesses the problems that the international trade activity of both the Russian Federation under intergovernmental contracts and its economic entities has faced and will face in the future. Conclusions and Relevance. The article concludes that the policy of the United States and its satellites is aimed at the practical impossibility of conducting international transactions in reserve currencies, the transition to payment for international transactions in the national currencies of the participating countries poses significant threats, and similar problems of the modern economy have been repeatedly successfully solved by our predecessors on the basis of pegging the currency to the gold standard. Theoretical research and practical proposals can be used by the Russian Federation and a number of other countries, including the BRICS intergovernmental organization, to create an international currency that does not depend on the Bretton Woods system of monetary relations and trade settlements.

Improvement of approaches in forming the classification of types of modern digital financial technologies

Aim. To consider a set of the main modern approaches to determining the varieties of digital financial instruments, as well as to unite these varieties into a single classification and to supplement the modifications with the necessary features in terms of scientific argumentation and practical approaches.Objectives. To investigate the concept and meaning of digital financial technologies/instruments; to consider the most relevant and modern classification features applied in practice and in the scientific environment to the classification of types of digital financial technologies/instruments; if necessary, to supplement the selected classification features with new types; to bring together the characteristics of types of digital financial instruments into a single classification.Methods. The study was conducted using the method of theoretical description, in the study of scientific literature and legal framework on the subject of digitalization of the Russian economy in the financial sphere; using the method of formal-logical approach, concretization of conclusions, method of thinking and visual interpretation of the results obtained.Results. Digital financial technologies/tools represent a special type and means of managing financial flows of an organization (business entity), which uses computing computer technology with the recording of code pulses in a certain sequence and with a certain frequency. The conducted research has shown that the complex of digital financial technologies can be divided according to the following classification features: depending on the methods of financing, on the methods and forms of financial management, on the management of settlement and payment operations, on the basis of financial risk management, on the basis of control and supervisory functions, on the management of financial security/cybersecurity, on the management of financial relations with partners, on the use of forecasting technologies, on the scale and duration of application of digital technologies, on the scale and duration of financial management, on the basis of the management of financial and economic relations with partners, on the basis of the management of financial security and cybersecurity, on the basis of the management of financial relations with partners. The addition of five new classification attributes to the narrow classification is traced. These include financial cybersecurity management, monetary relations with partners, material digital base equipment, advertising and marketing impact, and predictive technologies.Conclusions. Understanding the essence and content of digital financial technologies/tools and the varieties of their types is primarily essential for financial management from a digital transformation perspective. Indeed, before making the choice of a digital tool to manage the financial flows of an organization, the management of any company first needs to establish what tools are relevant, how they are classified based on financing, depending on the management of finances, payments and transfers, among others. This aspect plays an essential role in the beginning of the journey of choosing digital aspects of budget management and, as a result, determines the efficiency of financial and economic activities of conducting almost any business.

Digital RMB vs. Dollar Hegemony? Friendly Foes in China-US Currency Competition

Digital transformations are impacting inter-state currency politics in strategically important ways. This article contributes to growing debates over the nature of US-China competition as the Chinese RMB rapidly digitizes in ways said to challenge the hegemony of a slower digitizing greenback. We categorize existing views of currency competition in the digital age into two categories: ‘conventional transformation’ and ‘transformative continuity’. Both these presently dominant perspectives, we argue, are overly techno-deterministic and stand in contrast to a third perspective we propose called ‘probabilistic flux’. Emphasizing the unanticipated and error-prone nature of technological change through Social Construction of Technology theory and informed by the IPE of monetary relations, we provide a more nuanced assessment of digital RMB’s challenges to dollar dominance stressing the functions, benefits and powers of international currency hegemony. Our conclusions are three-fold. First, wider digital currency alternatives to both the dollar and RMB have enriched the international currency functions of the former over the latter. Second, this broader array of digital currency alternatives combines with Chinese RMB digitization to gradually erode the functional base and benefits of dollar dominance position, as well as diminish the US’s international monetary power in both Asia and beyond. Third, what we see as largely friendly digital currency competition focused on domestic imperatives currently remains unpredictable. These findings pose present possibilities for greater international cooperation but equally for less friendly competition and flux particularly as US dollar digitization also unfolds in ways that are difficult to anticipate.

Silver mining monopolies and money relations in the ‘Asian age of the world economy’

The paper argues that Western silver mining monopolies emerged in the Western world in tandem with the Asian age of the world economy. The flow of silver bullion from Western Europe to Asian markets and especially China, was the ‘sustained breadth’ or the macroeconomic condition that mining needed to trigger bundles of money relations at the local and regional levels in dialectical response to such condition. The paper presents a general discussion of two exemplary cases of silver mining monopolies that confirm this argument. In the first case, a local mining corporation in Trent unleashed money relations that expanded both monopoly power over the mines of the city along with monetary relations. The second case, the colonial mining monopolies of Spanish America, shows how money and debt relations increased the speed of mining along with Western European bullion demand in this period. The paper argues that the relation between mining monopolies and money in world history perspective is an urgent line of inquiry to historians and social scientists interested in understanding the centuries-old, dynamic nexus between mining and capital.

Russian International Register of Vessels as a Development Factor country's economy

For Russia, the return of the fleet under the national flag is of strategic importance. In the early 2000s, the reduction in the number of ships registered under the Russian flag became threatening to the transport and economic security of the state. The Russian maritime transport fleet, for the most part, operated under foreign flags. At the same time, relatively new vessels were taken offshore, and inefficient age-old vessels remained under the Russian flag. Under these conditions, foreign charterers intercepted a significant part of the transportation of Russian cargo, thereby displacing the Russian fleet. It became possible to change the situation in shipping and return the fleet under the Russian flag as a result of the regulation of monetary relations, customs and tax legislation. The features and reasons for the popularity of "convenient" flags are considered. Measures of state support for shipbuilding and shipping are analyzed, which contribute to the return of Russian shipowners to the national flag in the context of the functioning of the Russian International Register of Ships (RMRS). The analysis of the structure of the fleet in the Register and the trends in its change was carried out. The effectiveness of state support measures for domestic shipping and shipbuilding has been determined.

Conceptual sphere of phraseologisms of monetary relations in Ukrainian and Polish language cultures

The article examines the features of verbalization and the ways of conceptualizing cross-language phraseological equivalents and analogs in the field of monetary relations based on the material of Polish and Ukrainian lexicographic sources. Both structural and linguosemiotic methods of finding cross-linguistic phraseological parallels – „from meaning to form“ and „from form to meaning“ used in this research proved their effectiveness. The first method helped collect linguistic material and analyze phraseological equivalents and analogues of the conceptual sphere of monetary relations, which acquire additional attribution in translation, are metaphorically reinterpreted in the code of intangible values or material low-level values, form synonymous series with variant-characteristics and reflect common Slavic traditional folk imagery. By employing the method of correlation of the worldview and lexical semantics, the method of the thematic principle of language material distribution I built a linguistic and cultural model of the conceptual sphere of monetary relations of closely related ethnic groups. The core of the conceptual sphere contains the folk-poetic proto-concept wealth, the generic concept pieniądze / money, the related species concept small payment means and the historical concepts gold, silver, metal. The main space of the conceptual sphere of monetary relations is occupied by the anthropic sphere (the conceptualization of national character traits, extra-national anthropic types, a person’s appearance and biological characteristics, the most necessary physical and material things, such as food, clothing, housing, work, and spiritual ones, such as beliefs. On the periphery of the conceptual sphere of monetary relations there are linguistic and cultural concepts which designate economic phenomena and cosmocentric characteristics of existence. The linguosemiotic method of searching for linguistic material “from form to meaning”, helped describe a special type of cross-language phraseological units, which demonstrate “non-monetary” semantics, but receive such a formal expression that in one language is associated with the sphere of monetary relations, and in the other one causes lacunarity.