Monetary Organization Research Articles

From ‘United Stabilisation Fund’ to ‘International Monetary Organisation’: the Forgotten Chinese Plan and Its Contributions to the Creation of the International Monetary Fund

AbstractChina's function in the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) has been underrated for a long time. It is argued either that China contributed little to the establishment or that its main effort could be accredited to Arthur N. Young, an American financial advisor to the Chinese government. A close examination of bilingual archival documents challenges these arguments. In fact, the Chinese government formulated proposals of several versions and managed to have most of its claims accepted at the Bretton Woods conference. More importantly, Chinese claims surpassed their own concerns and had a broader meaning taking into account the general quests of war‐torn and undeveloped countries. Revisiting this part of history can deliver a balance to the traditional Anglo‐American‐focused narrative regarding the IMF and WB and enrich the historical context to assist our understanding of China's current pursuits and conduct in the realm of multilateral economic cooperation.

Issues of trust in money and the monetary system

Subject. The article deals with two main confidence issues, i.e. economic agents’ choosing the bearer of the institution of money and assessment of confidence in the monetary unit. Objectives. The purpose is to perform a comprehensive study of the main problems of trust in money in economic relations, to assess the elements of trust that lie in the way of economic agents' choice of forms of money, and to characterize our approach to the assessment of trust. Methods. The study rests on the methodology of the new institutional economic theory, using methods of comparative, logical, and statistical analysis. Results. We revealed a five-level hierarchical structure of trust in money that demonstrates the formation of trust in the monetary unit through the trust in the State, that is, the arrangement of the national monetary system and the reputation of monetary organizations, as well as through the trust in the functions they perform. We unveiled indicators of trust that are under the influence of endogenous and exogenous political, institutional, economic, functional, and socio-psychological factors, and that are subject to quantitative assessment. Conclusions. Trust in the institution of money is characterized by dependence on the designated endogenous and exogenous factors, which include the identified indicators of trust assessment, and which influence an individual's choice of a certain form of money. According to our own approach, it is advisable to evaluate trust in terms of its presence or absence, which, in turn, can be determined through the presence of a doubt factor in respondents.

A Study on Customer Satisfaction and Perception of Online Banking Services in Salem District

In our bustling lives, we are in a test of skill and endurance consistently. Everybody really must attempt to carve out ways of saving opportunity. One of the innovative headways that empowers clients to go through with their monetary exchanges from a retail or mechanized bank, credit association, or other monetary foundation on a protected stage is web based banking. Internet banking, likewise alluded to as electronic banking, is the advanced appropriation of crisp banking services and products to clients straightforwardly through electronic, intuitive contact organizations. It gives clients many advantages and qualities over customary banking. Internet banking is a speedy and simple method for getting cell phone admittance to your bank whenever. Web based financial purposes the web for of circulating monetary exchanges. With regards to getting everyday things done, bank moves are a relic of past times thanks to internet banking services. One of the most popular services presented by banks is internet banking, which makes it a truly dependable stage. Banks regularly utilize encryption frameworks to ensure the security of all client information and the shortfall of information breaks. Eventually, it shields against online extortion and record control. The pace of web access, the new web based financial elements, and the recurrence of internet banking utilize all influence how rapidly internet banking creates in every country. At the point when the tasks of banks and monetary organizations are joined with data innovation, web based banking is made in the banking sector. Hence, the present paper has been aimed to give an analytical view on customer satisfaction and preference on online banking services in Salem district.

DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITAL MARKETS IN INDIA: A STUDY

The Indian capital market started exchanging East Indian firm securities the eighteenth hundred years. The Indian capital market has supported the economy since the 1890s. The capital market influences abundance conveyance and monetary improvement in India. Capital markets convert reserve funds into speculations. Since the New Monetary Arrangement of 1991, the capital market has gone through extensive change. The Indian government and SEBI have executed changes to support stock execution. Capital markets permit enterprises to get and loan medium-and long-haul cash. It essentially fund-raises through individual investment funds, banks, monetary organizations, government offices, and companies. Families have put more in without risk, low-yielding, and fixed-return monetary securities. Financial backers ought to be monetarily educated and proficient about the various venture prospects to try not to lose cash on unsatisfactory items. The capital market influences public financial turn of events. Unfamiliar institutional financial backers fuel agricultural nations monetary markets, particularly India. The article examines capital market sorts, history, job in the economy, the foundation of a practical capital market, and Coronavirus effect on the Indian financial exchange.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Digital Information Technologies in Higher Education: An Empirical Study

In this study, we present the results of an assessment of an initiative that seeks to transcend the application of digital information in the higher education sector by recommending an integrative approach that quantifies both the flow of digital information and tutors’ quality impacts concerning technology acceptance model (TAM) constructs and the perceived experience of digital information in education (DIE). There is a mounting evidence that the educational institutions that prioritize the perceived experience and the quality of the tutors do not, generally, take into account the limited exposure to digital information and technologies. Data gathered from a survey of 485 college students were used to evaluate the model and hypotheses. The findings show that users’ perceptions of the value of DIE may depend on several extrinsic conditions that improve their experiences of learning and teaching. The user’s traits, such as technological preparedness, are vital in determining perceived ease of use. In some cultures, the superior quality of the tutor may further increase perceptions of the technology’s perceived usefulness. The intention to adopt technology may also be highly influenced by other variables such as information flow. Therefore, academic institutions must reevaluate the usefulness of digital information technology as a tool for improving educational sections. This research limited its focus to educational environments in which DIE has a significant impact on the teaching and learning setting. Future works may concentrate on health or monetary organizations.

Blockchain trends and analysis under the economic and financial fields in pharmaceutical sector

Block chain innovation has filled in prevalence as an examination theme and a specialized answer for various undertakings and enterprises. Blockchains disseminated, decentralized, and trustless can give associations new choices and benefits as higher effectiveness, lower costs, further developed honesty and straightforwardness, further developed security, and further developed discernibility. Low financial entrance, the exit of monetary players from specific business sectors, substantial interest for economic incorporation from the two people and private ventures, significant degrees of versatile infiltration, less created business foundation, and monetary area officeholders are on the whole attributes of developing business sectors. With the appearance of Bitcoin, the connection between blockchain innovation and the monetary business sectors will become more personal and incorporated. Then, at that point, as the pertinence of blockchain innovation became clear, more monetary organizations started to explore different avenues regarding its utilization in financial exchanges. These elements, taken together, can go about as a critical gas pedal for the reception of blockchain-based economic arrangements, laying the foundation for a specialized jump ahead and a lift to financial consideration and development. This article gives a prologue to blockchain innovation, investigates significant useful parts of blockchains, fosters a conventional definition, and examines and orders current and forthcoming blockchain applications in the monetary and financial areas.

WHAT IS REWARD BASED CROWDFUNDING? RBS IN INDIA

In today’s world of ability and innovation, the population is occupied with varied business ideas. From promoter’s sight, generation of business proposal is less complicated than composition for the fund for its application. At present, the businessmen have several choices from that they'll prepare funds particularly shares, banks, personal lenders, capital establishments and different monetary organizations. however still there are varied frequent expenses that don't seem to be supported by these organization. To trot out these initial capital and indirect expenses a replacement idea has aroused that's crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is wide utilized in developed countries like America whereas in Asian nation, the population continues to be less privy to it. the current analysis study is completed with Associate in Nursing intention to spot the event of crowdfunding in Asian nation. For this several analysis studies drained {india|India|Republic of Asian nation|Bharat|Asian country|Asian nation} and out of doors India are referred

Penerapan Teknologi Informasi Berbasis Web Di Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS)

The National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) is one approach to overseeing zakat as far as collecting, distributing and utilizing zakat. The presence of Baznas must continue to be worked out through the methodology of institutional reform so that governance and use can run productively, successfully and relatively so that it can affect the work of regional finances. One of the methodologies used to undermine the organization of zakat foundations is to expand the use of electronic information systems as a medium to cooperate and work on the efficiency of zakat leaders in the sorting, transportation and utilization of zakat. The results show that 34% of new BAZNAS in Indonesia have involved the SIMBA application as an application used to lead the details of monetary organizations, while for Communities and Supporters of several BAZNAS.

Global Income Inequality, Trickle-Down Economics, and Charity in Islamic Economics

Islam promotes charity both at an individual as well as at the community/society level. Charity has been almost a moral issue rather than an economic one though it affects the society in terms of economics. Mainstream economics has ignored the application of charity model and how it can result in reducing economic disparities. Unfortunately, charity has been ignored by researchers in the context of it being an economic entity. In 2015, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) pinpointed the persisting issue of global income inequality and gave thumbs down to the populist approach of “trickle-down economics.” This study aims to theoretically examine how the concept of charity addresses the issue of global income inequality and denies trickle-down economics. The evidence suggest that countries can minimize income inequality by mobilizing the concept of charity. The concept of charity can result in a huge amount of transfers from the upper 10% to the lower 10% of the income bracket.

Relationship between Monetary Organizations and Venture Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in the Colombo Mid-City, Sri Lanka

Relationship between Monetary Organizations and Venture Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in the Colombo Mid-City, Sri Lanka

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND IN ECONOMIC RELATIONS

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that plays an important role in regulating the economy and aims to prevent the economic crisis by providing various loans to many developing countries. At the same time, one of the IMF's priority goals is to reduce poverty. The article clarifies the issues related to the regulation of economic relations between the IMF and its consequences, as well as examines the legal and factual aspects of this regulation. Key words: The International Monetary Fund, organization, governance, surveillance, financial and technical functions, poverty reduction

A Absolute Method of Worklife Balance in Public Sector and Private Sector Banks of Hyderabad (Urban) and Hyderabad (Rural) Regions

Art work-life balance is a hassle of exceptional hassle to many employers and personnel in groups. With contradictory commitments andresponsibilities, within the current, paintings-existence balance has turn out to be anissue of predominance within the workplace. In these days’s globalized society, the important factor function of theHuman useful useful resource control is to influence the baseline in their companiespositively, maintain hold of personnel with precious organisation, to broaden employee self-perception. This research study pursuits to apprehend the art work-lifestyles agenda of the employees of Public sector Banks and personal sector Banks of Hyderabad(town) & Hyderabad (Rural) regions (nearly approximately Public vicinity Banks - SBI, Andhra monetary organisation & monetary organization of India and private region Banks - ICICI, HDFC and AXIS). The test depicts a first firstexcellent affiliation of difficult work-existence stability with the location of the commercial enterprise employer in the case of public vicinity banks and furthermore know-how a significant and correlation amongst artwork-existence stability and the Organizational guidelines.

Value and motivational aspects of employee personality in the monetary and financial sector

The presented study examines the value and motivational aspects of employee personality in the monetary and financial sector in 2017–2019.Aim. The study aims to perform a sociological analysis of value and motivational aspects and to substantiate their regulatory role in improving employee performance in the monetary and financial sector.Tasks. Based on the proposed methodology for the diagnostics of the value and motivational aspects of employee personality in the monetary and financial sector, the author performs an empirical analysis of the professional activity of different employee categories, identifies the major orientations and preferences, and develops a five-step plan to improve employee motivation in professional activity.Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of this study includes findings of Russian and foreign authors in the field of value systems, motives, personal priorities, their formation, dynamics, and impact on individual and social development.Results. The study determines the essence of value and motivational aspects; develops a refined methodology for the diagnostics of the value and motivational aspects of employee personality in the monetary and financial sector; performs a comparative analysis of value and motivational aspects, including detection of statistically significant differences depending on employee affiliation with professional qualification and status groups; identifies patterns in the dynamics of the value-semantic space of monetary and financial organizations in the field of social and labor relations.Conclusions. The main conclusion to be drawn from this study is that the structure of value and motivational aspects, which are an attribute of the quality and performance of employee labor in the monetary and financial sector, differs significantly depending on employee affiliation with a certain status or professional qualification group. Analysis, modeling, and monitoring of the value and motivational aspects that characterize certain social and professional roles, interpretation of this information and its application in the regulation of social and labor relations are the crucial componentsof management of labor quality and organizational performance.

An Empirical Study on the Awareness and Usage of Payment Banks Among College Students in Bangalore City

Payment banks are the newest initiative from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) with the first motive to promote digital, paperless and cashless banking in our nation. Its an associated approach within which different non-banking monetary organizations are granted the authority to ensure basic bank services to each Indian national. A payments bank could be a differentiated bank with the precise objective of occupation to the unbanked and underbanked. Though the Pradhan Mantri Dhan Yojana has brought down the amount of unbanked people within the country, there are still millions who don't have bank accounts. According to a World Bank report, Republic of India is home to twenty one of the world’s unbanked adults. Payments banks aim to service these customers, particularly migrant employees and people from lower financial gain households, in addition as bring them into the formal economic system. It conjointly has the additional advantage of secured, technology-driven transactions which might simply be half-track with none loop hole for black cash. The present paper provides a horizon on the attention level and usage of payment banks among the faculty going students of urban center town. For the aim of the study each primary and secondary knowledge are used. the scholars following totally different courses are created use as sample. the info collected are analyzed victimization acceptable applied math techniques. It’ll conjointly highlight the necessity for payment banks in Republic of India and its future.

An Advancement in Paper Receipts the Electronic Receipt Administration Framework

<p>The issue our group locations is best conveyed in the accompanying inquiry: Given the quantity of dealers, shoppers, and money related organizations in the U.S., how might we assemble a recordkeeping framework that enhances the ease of use, availability, and supportability of customer exchange records. A current review demonstrates that 80% of the U.S. populace gets one to three receipts a day, 11% of which promptly escape With America's retailers creating roughly 228.7 million pounds of receipt paper every year, this means 22.87 million pounds of paper that in a flash move toward becoming refuse . Promote, the present framework does not make receipts promptly open to traders and shoppers when they require them. In this venture, our group means to enhance the administration of shopper exchange records while diminishing the quantity of receipts imprinted in the United States. An answer for this issue will likewise furnish buyers with a more advantageous approach to screen their ways of managing money.</p><p>The framework is made out of four sections: an electronic UI, a deride money enroll, a receipt administration database, and a XML convention that conveys between the money enlist and the receipt database. On the off chance that executed on a national scale, this electronic receipt administration framework would permit clients (dealers, shoppers, and monetary organizations) access to all receipt information in one area and in one steady configuration, in this way wiping out the requirement for paper receipts.</p>

The Myth of the Positive Impact of Asymetric Economic Interdependence on National Security. The Case of the Sino-Japanese Conflict

<p>In this paper, the aim is to show that the impact of asymmetric economic interdependence on national security is more a myth than a reality. In order to contribute to the discussion we focus on interstate conflicts with territorial disputes. So far, this debate has been highlighted by Liberals, whose argument was that trade promotes peace. However, ourargument is built on the theoretical basis of Realism. We argue that the positive impact of economic interdependence is actually a myth, since it does not raise the levels of national security of the threatened state, therefore it cannot be considered as a power-balancing factor. In order to support our argument wedeveloped an analytical framework, which consists of variables representing economic interdependence and national security.Trade, FDI, energy supply, economic agreements and membership in common economic or monetary organizations are variables that show the level of economic interdependence.Military expenditures, number of violations, possession of nuclear weapons and membership in military alliances are variables that show the level of national security respectively. First, we determine, through objective and subjective factors, which of the two rivals is the threatened state. Second, comparing indicators of economic power, we define the asymmetry in economic interdependence. Third, we analyze the indicators of economic interdependence between the rivals and we examine their impact on the national security of the threatened state. To support our opinion that asymmetric economic interdependence has no impact on national security in this paper we examine the territorial conflict in Senkaku/Diaoyu islands between Japan and the People's Republic of China. We conclude that asymmetric economic interdependence is not a power-balancing factor and it has no positive effects on the national security of the threatened state. </p>

Monetary organization and national identity: a review and considerations

ABSTRACTThis article develops a detailed overview of literature on the relationship between monetary organization, understood as currencies and central banks, and issues of national identity and nationalism. It demonstrates how the literature on this subject for the past 20 years has developed into a distinct research field and the article sketches a set of different methodological approaches as well as geographical and thematical variations within the field. In particular, the overview points to a recent shift in focus from a preoccupation with the identity-cultivating qualities of monetary organization to an emphasis on how collective identities legitimize monetary organization. Based on the literature review, the article points to two underdeveloped themes for future research to investigate: (1) further studies on the interrelation between the legitimacy of monetary organization and national identity, (2) an increased focus on central banks and monetary authorities, as well as the historical development in which monetary organization evolved in concert with ideas of the national identity and nationalism.

Banking on the Nation: How Four Danish Central Bank Governors Used and Reproduced the Logics of National Identity

In this article, I analyse the narratives of four Danish central bank governors from the late nineteenth century until the mid-1990s. By conducting a historical analysis informed by neo-institutional theory, I show how these central bank governors were continuously involved in public debates over the appropriateness and desirability of their decisions and policies. In these debates, interpretations and reproductions of Danish national identity were central to the governors’ claims to legitimacy. I argue that past narratives of the Danish central bank and its governors enabled and framed future legitimacy claims and that the central bank and its governors gradually became embedded in national identity. Thus, the article highlights the historical development of the co-configuring relationship between Danish national identity and the legitimacy of monetary organization.

Architects of austerity: international finance and the politics of growth

Architects of Austerity argues that the seeds of neoliberal politics were sown in the 1950s and 1960s. Suggesting that the postwar era was less socially democratic than we think, Aaron Major presents a comparative-historical analysis of economic policy in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Italy during the early 1960s. In each of these cases, domestic politics shifted to the left and national governments repudiated the conservative economic policies of the past, promising a new way forward. Yet, these social democratic experiments were short-lived and deeply compromised. Why did the parties of change become the parties of austerity? Studies of social welfare policy in these countries have emphasized domestic factors. However, Major reveals that international social forces profoundly shaped national decisions in these cases. The turn toward more conservative economic policies resulted from two critical shifts on the international stage. International monetary organizations converged around an orthodox set of ideas, and a set of institutional transformations within the Bretton Woods system made the monetary community more central to financial management. These changes gave central banks and treasuries the capacity to impose their ideas on national governments. Architects of Austerity encourages us to critically consider the power that we vest in public financial authorities, which have taken on an ever larger role in international economic regulation.

Monetary romanticism: nationalist rhetoric and monetary organisation in nineteenth-century Denmark

Recurring debates on the common European currency illustrate that monetary organisation and issues of national identity and community are closely interlinked. National sentiments and ideas about the nation continuously inform public attitudes towards currencies. This article addresses the interrelation between monetary organisation and nationalism. In the conflict between the Danish state and the Duchies of Schleswig-Holstein in the nineteenth century, banks and currencies were mobilised as political symbols to promote an agenda of regional nationalism. The local Schleswig-Holstein currency and the local Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesbank became symbolic antagonists to the Danish central bank and to the official state-sanctioned currency – which by Danish policy-makers were considered key elements in the attempt to consolidate the Danish state and curtail Hamburg's economic influence. The analysis highlights the symbolic qualities of monetary institutions and points to the entwinement of economic motivations and nationalist ideology that consequently affected the possibilities for Danish monetary organisation and nation-building; it thus contributes to our understanding of currencies and banks as nation-building tools and symbols of national community.