Monetary Deposits Research Articles

Zeuxias’ Monetary Deposits at the Sanctuary of Olympia

This bronze plaque, found in 1879, contains two monetary deposits made by an individual named Zeuxias at the sanctuary of Olympia in the second half of the fifth century BC. It constitutes one of the few preserved documents of this type, making it a valuable testimony of banking activities at Panhellenic sanctuaries. Due to the fragmentary status of the text, a comparison with other analogous inscriptions and literary testimonies is here offered, with the aim of casting some light on the reason behind the deposit, and the formulaic language used.

Escalating schedules of incentives increase physical activity with no differences between deposit and no-deposit groups: A systematic replication.

Physical inactivity has increasingly affected public health in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic as it is associated with chronic diseases such as arthritis, cancer, and heart disease. Contingency management has been shown to increase physical activity. Therefore, the present study sought to evaluate the effects of an escalating schedule of monetary reinforcement with a reset contingency on physical activity, as compared between 2 counterbalanced groups in which a monetary deposit of $25 was either required (deposit group) or not (no-deposit group). Twenty-five adults wore Fitbit accelerometers to monitor step counts. An ABA reversal design was used; in the 2 baseline phases, no programmed contingencies were in place for step counts. During intervention, step goals were set using a modified 70th percentile schedule with a 7-day window: Reaching the first goal would result in $0.25, and incentives increased by $0.25 for each subsequent day in which the goal was met. Failure to reach a goal resulted in a reset of the monetary incentive value to $0.25. Ten out of 12 participants from the deposit group were determined to be responders to intervention, whereas 8 out of 13 participants from the no-deposit group were determined to be responders to intervention. Overall, there were no significant differences between the groups' step counts. However, the deposit group's intervention was cheaper to implement, which suggests that deposit contracts are a viable modification for physical activity interventions.

The Impact of Personalized Feedback Interventions by a Gambling Operator on Subsequent Gambling Expenditure in a Sample of Dutch Online Gamblers

Player protection has become an important area for the gambling industry over the past decade. A number of gambling regulators now require gambling operators to interact with customers if they suspect they are gambling in a problematic way. The present study provided insight on the impact of personalized feedback interventions (PFIs) on subsequent gambling behavior among a Dutch sample of real-world gamblers. Nederlandse Loterij (the national Dutch Lottery operator) provided access to a secondary dataset comprising tracking data from online casino and sports betting gamblers (N = 2,576) who were contacted either by e-mail or telephone between November 2021 and March 2022 if they showed signs of problematic gambling as identified using behavioral tracking software. Compared to matched controls (n = 369,961 gamblers), Dutch gamblers who received a PFI (via e-mail [n = 1876] or a telephone call [n = 700]) from the gambling operator had a significant reduction in amount of money deposited, amount of money wagered, number of monetary deposits, and time spent gambling in the 30 days after being contacted. Gambling frequency as measured by the number of gambling days did not change significantly after a PFI. Telephone calls did not lead to a significant larger reduction with respect to the aforementioned behavioral metrics. High-intensity players reduced their gambling behavior as frequently as low-intensity players, which means that the intervention’s success was independent of gambling intensity. The impact on subsequent gambling was the same across age groups and gender. The results of the present study are of use to many different stakeholder groups including researchers in the gambling studies field and the gambling industry as well as regulators and policymakers who can recommend or enforce that gambling operators utilize responsible gambling tools such as using PFIs to those who may be displaying problematic gambling behaviors as a way of minimizing harm and protecting gamblers.

Attitude Towards Deposit Limits and Relationship with Their Account-Based Data Among a Sample of German Online Slots Players

Social responsibility and duty of care have become major cornerstones for gambling operators. This has led to the introduction of many different responsible gambling tools such as limit-setting, mandatory play breaks, and personalized messaging. In the present study, the authors were given access to two secondary datasets provided by a German online slots game operator. The first dataset was from an online survey carried out by the gambling operator among 1000 of its players concerning their attitude towards deposit limits as well as self-reported problem gambling. In addition to the survey responses, the authors were given access to a second dataset of account-based data concerning each customer’s wagers, wins, monetary deposits, and monetary withdrawals. These datasets were then combined. The majority of players had a positive attitude towards the maximum deposit monthly deposit limit which was introduced by the German State Treaty on Gambling in 2021. Players who disagreed with the maximum monthly deposit limit, deposited significantly more money in the 30 days prior to answering the survey questions compared to players who agreed with the monthly deposit limit. The tracking data found only 7.6% of players had deposited the maximum amount of money allowed in one month. However, 60.5% of players in the survey data said that they did so. Players who said that they continued to gamble after reaching the deposit limit wagered and deposited significantly more money in the 30 days prior to the survey compared to players who said they stopped gambling after reaching the deposit limit. Two-fifths of players said they continued to gamble after reaching the monthly deposit limit (42%). The majority of the players said they chose a personal deposit limit because it helped them to better control their gambling expenditure. A quarter of the players reported gambling problems using the Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen (27%). Self-reported problem gambling was not correlated with depositing, wagering or any other player tracking metric.

PECULIARITIES OF FUNCTIONING OF THE BANKING SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

The state of the banking system indicates the level of prosperity in the country. The financial and economic crisis has provoked a significant outflow of funds from banking system and the growth of non-performing loans, which led to a deterioration in liquidity and solvency of banks and, accordingly, significantly affected their financial stability. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the banking system of Ukraine and trends in its further development. The banking sector is influenced by a set of factors: the general political and economic situation in the country, the development of the securities market and the interbank market, the organization of the refinancing system, the effectiveness of regulatory functions of the central bank. Strikes, natural disasters, military conflicts, revolutionary, political and economic events are also extraordinary factors. The aggravation of the political crisis, inconsistency and inconsistency of public policy make the economic crisis in the country even deeper and longer. It is political stabilization that should be the catalyst for the resumption of economic growth. Another important factor that has a strong impact on the economic situation in the economy as a whole and on the functioning of the banking system is the COVID-19 Pandemic. A key factor in the functioning of the banking system of Ukraine in the COVID-19 pandemic is the change in the discount rate as an element of monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine. Methodology. The main indicators of banking institutions are analyzed, in particular: the dynamics of changes in the number of Ukrainian banks, the number of structural units of banks, TOP-10 banking institutions in 2021, the dynamics of changes in Ukraine's discount rate in recent years, financial results of Ukrainian banks. It was found that the decrease in the number of banking institutions led to a significant reduction in the number of branches, in particular, most branches were closed by state-owned banks and PrivatBank, but new branches were opened exclusively by private banks. Analyzing the state of the banking services market in terms of raising funds from individuals, dynamics of monetary deposits of the population for the last not a few years show an increase in trust citizens to banks and the interest of bankers to increase in the share of attracted funds of the population in their assets. Changes in the financial market affect the competitive position of banks, which requires rapid adaptation to existing conditions and accumulate all efforts to maintain their own solvency and stability of the banking system. Results. The results show that the changes that took place in the banking system during the COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale war require the development of possible scenarios for the development of Ukraine's banking system in the future. To restore the banks caused by the banking crisis, it is necessary to use such tools as: maintaining liquidity as a "lender of last resort", reducing required reserves, a diversified approach to setting economic standards. Based on the optimistic scenario and using adaptive and regulatory approaches, as well as taking into account the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors, the projected indicators of development of the banking system of Ukraine have been developed.

Remotely administered incentive-based treatment for alcohol use disorder with participant-funded incentives is effective but less accessible to low-income participants.

The delivery of monetary incentives contingent on verified abstinence is an effective treatment for alcohol use disorder. However, incentive cost has often been cited as a barrier to delivering this type of treatment. In the present randomized parallel groups trial, we systematically replicated a previous trial we conducted that employed remote alcohol monitoring and incentive delivery to promote abstinence from alcohol, but with the additional requirement for participants to partially self-fund their abstinence incentives. Treatment-seeking participants with alcohol use disorder (n = 92) who met inclusion criteria (n = 36) were randomized to either a Contingent or Noncontingent group (n = 18 each). Those not meeting inclusion criteria included 15 participants who agreed to the deposit requirement but failed to make the deposit payment. The Contingent group received nearly immediate monetary incentives each day they remotely provided negative breathalyzer samples. The Noncontingent group received matched incentives each day they successfully provided samples independent of alcohol content. Days abstinent in the Contingent group were 86%, which was significantly higher than the 44% recorded in the Noncontingent group, corresponding to an odds ratio of 8.2. Exploratory analyses revealed that the deposit requirement prevented participation in those with lower incomes and those with greater alcohol use. These results support the efficacy of this remotely deliverable alcohol abstinence reinforcement incentive intervention with a deposit requirement. However, the requirement to provide a monetary deposit to self-fund abstinence incentives may prevent those with greater alcohol use and/or those experiencing extreme poverty from participating in the intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

De la Marea Adriatică în Dacia, aventura monedelor tezaurului de la Apoș (lotul III)

In the collection of Valea Hârtibaciului Museum of Agnita is kept a group of coins issued by Dyrrhachium and discovered at Apoș. This lot contains 10 coins which can be part of the Apoș hoard, from which two lots, preserved in the Brukenthal National Museum’s numismatic collection, were published. Taking in account all those groups, we can establish that, at least until now, we know 54 coins of this hoard. Like many others monetary deposits with Dyrrhachian coins found in Dacia, this one it is dominated by the coins of group V. It is very possible to have a hiding horizon in the southern Transylvania dated no long after the middle of the 1st century BC, probably created by the harsh political and military environment generated by the fall of Burebista’s power.

Money and the Measurement of Total Factor Productivity

Firms have greatly increased their cash holdings since the mid-1990s. These holdings have an opportunity cost; i.e., allocating firm financial capital into monetary deposits means that investment in real assets is reduced. Traditional measures of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) do not take into account these holdings of monetary assets. Given the recent large increases in these holdings in the U.S. and other advanced economies, it is expected that adding these monetary assets to the list of traditional sources of capital services will reduce the TFP of the business sector. We measure this effect for the U.S. corporate and non-corporate business sectors.

HALLAZGOS MONETARIOS EN EL ÁREA LUSITANA SITUADA ENTRE EL DUERO Y EL TAJO (SIGLOS IV-VIII)

La circulación monetaria en Hispania en fechas tardoantigua y altomedieval es poco conocida. Tras la publicación del material numismático recuperado en Conimbriga, algunos trabajos, de carácter genérico o estrictamente regionales, han revisado la circulación y usos monetarios de esta etapa. Presentamos aquí una revisión de la distribución y composición de los depósitos y hallazgos monetarios en el área de Lusitania entre el Duero y el Tajo. Nuestros límites cronológicos se sitúan entre el inicio de las reformas valentinianas (364) y el final del reino visigodo (711). La información recopilada permite observar diferencias geográficas y temporales en el abastecimiento durante los siglos IV y V, áreas de concentración y de vacuum monetal, así como signos de continuidad o ruptura en los usos monetarios entre ambas etapas.

The Impacts of Rent Incomes on Capitalist Accumulation: Towards Coherence

Although there is no universally recognized definition in the existing literature, the ‘rentiers’ are usually identified as those subjects of an economic system that derive their income from any source different from wage and profit. Therefore, the rent is primarily described as a ‘passive income’ over a property for the use of which the owner can require payments without being directly involved in the entrepreneurial activity. From a contemporary perspective, these ‘properties’ may take the form of various assets such as equities, bonds, securities, monetary deposits and other financial instruments that generate an income from interest (or dividends). Belonging to different theories of income distribution, several authors have tried to integrate different shapes of this notion in their descriptions of the economic systems. Without neglecting a general discussion of the various paradigms to which the principal schools of thought refer to, in each section of this paper we will try to answer three main theoretical questions. First, what are the sources of rents and how are they explained? Second, who are the beneficiaries of this type of income and how they behave within the socioeconomic system? Thirdly, to what extent and in which ways various forms of rent affect the accumulation processes? The aim of this paper is to provide the analysis of the theoretical evolution from the ‘agricultural rent’ to a ‘monetary rent’, and finally to the description of a ‘financial rent’ in the current phase of capitalist development.

Ion beam analysis and AMS dating of the silver coin hoard of Preuschdorf (Alsace, France)

The hoard of Preuschdorf is a monetary deposit discovered in Alsace (France) in 2005. This find was composed of 7327 silver-copper coins. They seem to have been struck over more than one century, between the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 17th century. This hoard is an exceptional find composed of a large quantity of coins from various periods, areas and contexts. It is also remarkable by the presence of counterfeit coins.IBA was used to analyze the silver content of the official coins by combining PIXE and RBS. The fineness was found to be between 20 and 42% according to the mint place and an unexpected subdivision of the values has been revealed. For the counterfeit coins, the analyses were able to bring to light different elaboration processes: amalgam silvering with two various contents of mercury and application of a thin layer of pure silver.Finally, linen fibers attached to the coins have been dated by AMS radiocarbon dating. The radiocarbon calibrated dates perfectly match with the chronological range given by the coins.

Association Between Monetary Deposits and Weight Loss in Online Commitment Contracts.

To examine the characteristics of voluntary online commitment contracts that may be associated with greater weight loss. Retrospective analysis of weight loss commitment contracts derived from a company that provides web-based support for personal commitment contracts. Using regression, we analyzed whether percentage weight loss differed between participants who incentivized their contract using monetary deposits and those who did not. Online. Users (N = 3857) who voluntarily signed up online in 2013 for a weight loss contract. Participants specified their own weight loss goal, time period, and self-reported weekly weight. Deposits were available in the following 3 categories: charity, anticharity (a nonprofit one does not like), or donations made to a friend. Percentage weight loss per week. Multivariable linear regressions. Controlling for several participant and contract characteristics, contracts with anticharity, charity, and friend deposits had greater reported weight loss than nonincentivized contracts. Weight change per week relative to those without deposits was -0.33%, -0.28%, and -0.25% for anti-charity, charity, and friend, respectively ( P < 0.001). Contracts without a weight verification method claimed more weight loss than those with verification. Voluntary use of commitment contracts may be an effective tool to assist weight loss. Those who choose to use monetary incentives report more weight loss. It is not clear whether this is due to the incentives or higher motivation.

Monetary deposit found in building XI of the Military Vicus at Tibiscvm (Jupa), Caraş-Severin County

As a result of the systematic archaeological excavations conducted at Jupa in 2008 in building XI a small bronze monetary deposit of 7 sestertii was found. The paper describes and analyses the 7 bronze coins based on : the individual presentation of each coin, the images of the obverse and reverse, the monetary workshop that issued it, the issue year, the metal, the diameter, the weight, the temporary inventory and the catalogue based on which the determination was done.

Physicians and Sanctity of Life: Emerging Ethical Issues

This paper is about doctors reneging on the oath of their profession to save lives because of other secondary reasons that are antithetical to the ethics of their profession. In this paper, I intend to bring up some ethical issues arising from common occurrence in some developing countries especially in Nigeria where the sanctity of life is sacrificed on the altar of selfish demand for monetary deposits before major operations are carried out on sick patients and also the blind demand for police report as contained in Nigerian Police Act before a patient with a gunshot injuries could be treated in hospitals. To this end, I wish to argue, in this paper, that human life, under no circumstance, should not be sacrificed for monetary consideration and immoral law such as Nigerian Police Act, and that it is morally wrong for physicians who are trained to save life to abandon their oath of office in deference to unjust law. While I will establish the major causes of gunshot injuries as opposed to the presuppositions of the Police Act, I will also advocate a deletion of certain provision of the Police Act as a way of making it conforming to international human rights standards.

Cigarettes Butts and the Case for an Environmental Policy on Hazardous Cigarette Waste

Discarded cigarette butts are a form of non-biodegradable litter. Carried as runoff from streets to drains, to rivers, and ultimately to the ocean and its beaches, cigarette filters are the single most collected item in international beach cleanups each year. They are an environmental blight on streets, sidewalks, and other open areas. Rather than being a protective health device, cigarette filters are primarily a marketing tool to help sell ‘safe’ cigarettes. They are perceived by much of the public (especially current smokers) to reduce the health risks of smoking through technology. Filters have reduced the machine-measured yield of tar and nicotine from burning cigarettes, but there is controversy as to whether this has correspondingly reduced the disease burden of smoking to the population. Filters actually may serve to sustain smoking by making it seem less urgent for smokers to quit and easier for children to initiate smoking because of reduced irritation from early experimentation. Several options are available to reduce the environmental impact of cigarette butt waste, including developing biodegradable filters, increasing fines and penalties for littering butts, monetary deposits on filters, increasing availability of butt receptacles, and expanded public education. It may even be possible to ban the sale of filtered cigarettes altogether on the basis of their adverse environmental impact. This option may be attractive in coastal regions where beaches accumulate butt waste and where smoking indoors is increasingly prohibited. Additional research is needed on the various policy options, including behavioral research on the impact of banning the sale of filtered cigarettes altogether.

Parent participation in a treatment program for overweight adolescents

Thirty-one adolescents were assigned to either a parent participation or a no-parent participation group. All adolescents attended weekly classes to learn weight loss and self-management skills via videotape, role play, and group discussion. Monetary deposits were returned to adolescents when they achieved weight loss goals. Parents of adolescents in the parent participation group met in classes to learn skills for helping their children lose weight. Monetary deposits were returned to parents for completion of weekly assignments. At postreatment, adolescents in the parent participation group showed the greatest decreases in percent above ideal weight. They maintained the reductions at a nine month follow-up. Adolescents in the noparent group matched the parent participation groups' performance at follow-up. Participants reported significant changes in dietary habits relevant to cardiovascular health. Significant relationships between changes in percent above ideal weight and physical activity and HDL were also observed.

Effects on weight reduction of strong monetary contracts for calorie restriction or weight loss

Thirty-one severely obese adults participated in behavioral weight control groups. In three groups utilizing powerful monetary contracts, subjects deposited substantial sums of money which were returned contingent on either attendance, calorie restriction, or weight loss. Subjects in a fourth no-contract control condition made no monetary deposits. Weight and calorie contract groups lost an average of nearly 20 lb in 10 weeks. They did not differ from each other, but both produced significantly more weight loss than the attendance contract group. High dropout rates in the no-contract condition precluded statistical evaluation of this group. Results are discussed in terms of the potential clinical value of contracting procedures.

The dropout problem: Reducing attrition in obesity research

To assess the effects of refundable monetary deposits upon attrition in obesity studies, three groups, each comprised of 14 overweight females, received treatment involving both a written weight reduction manual and covert sensitization under conditions involving a $20.00 deposit, a $5.00 deposit and no deposit. Contrary to the suggestion that a monetary deposit (especially a small deposit) might serve to increase attrition by reducing a subject's guilt over a broken commitment to attend, it was found that the requirement of a deposit significantly reduced attrition. In addition, subjects rated the written manual as significantly more useful and more helpful than the covert sensitization treatment.