Moisture Sensitivity Research Articles

Enhancing mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt with olive kernel ash: A sustainable modifier

The use of agricultural waste as a sustainable modifier with functional and environmental advantages has grown appealing. While conventional modifiers offer several benefits, utilizing biological modifiers generated from agricultural resources like ash can be more effective in both technical and economic aspects. This study examines the performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) containing modified bitumen with olive kernel ash (OKA) collected from an olive canning factory. To accomplish this goal, the modified bitumen was subjected to kinematic viscosity testing and Fourier-transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to assess its chemical characteristics. Additionally, the following tests were performed on HMA: Marshall, resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, repeated load axial creep, and semicircular bending test. Research findings reveal that the addition of 20 % OKA increases the resistance to rutting by more than 1.3 times. This is attributed to the stiffening capabilities and high density of OKA within the bitumen mixture. Reducing the moisture sensitivity of the modified mixtures, especially in the samples containing 10 % OKA, is attributed to the reduction of air voids and the improved bonding between the bitumen and aggregate. This is due to the OKA's more absorbent and reactive surface. Furthermore, fatigue analysis at intermediate temperatures showed that limiting the OKA dosage to 5–10 % can increase resistance to fatigue cracking by 11 %. Additionally, incorporating OKA at 5 % and 10 % doses into modified asphalt mixtures significantly improves fracture energy and stress intensity factors by up to 24 %. However, when the OKA dosage exceeds 10 %, a decline in performance is observed at low temperatures. In summary, according to the desired performance and workability, OKA is considered a viable alternative for bitumen modification with technical, economic, and environmental goals.

Preparation and Characterization of Glucose-Based Self-Blowing Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Foams with Different Acid Catalysts.

The preparation and application of non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) from biomass raw materials as a substitute for traditional polyurethane (PU) has recently become a research hot topic as it avoids the toxicity and moisture sensitivity of isocyanate-based PU. In the work presented here, self-blowing GNIPU non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) rigid foams were prepared at room temperature, based on glucose, with acids as catalysts and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The effects of different acids and glutaraldehyde addition on foam morphology and properties were investigated. The water absorption, compressive resistance, fire resistance, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) were tested to evaluate the relevant properties of the foams, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the foams' cell structure. The results show that all these foams have a similar apparent density, while their 24 h water absorption is different. The foam prepared with phosphoric acid as a catalyst presented a better compressive strength compared to the other types prepared with different catalysts when above 65% compression. It also presents the best fire resistance with an LOI value of 24.3% (great than 22%), indicating that it possesses a good level of flame retardancy. Thermogravimetric analysis also showed that phosphoric acid catalysis slightly improved the GNIPU foams' thermal stability. This is mainly due to the flame-retardant effect of the phosphate ion. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that all the GNIPU foams exhibited similar open-cell morphologies with the cell pore sizes mainly distributed in the 200-250 μm range.

Boosting Li-Ion Conductivity of Fluoride Solid Electrolyte by Low-Temperature Molten Salt Ablation and Particle Boundary Doping.

Halide solid electrolytes (SEs) are attracting great attention, owing to their high ionic conductivity and excellent high-voltage compatibility. However, severe moisture sensitivity, poor thermal stability, and instability at the lithium metal anode interface with chloride and bromide SEs retard their applications in solid-state lithium metal batteries. Fluoride SEs are expected to solve these problems, but they are now plagued by inadequate room-temperature (RT) ionic conductivity. Herein, a low-temperature molten salt (LiCl+1.33AlCl3) ablation method is proposed to enhance the ionic conductivity of monoclinic Li3GaF6 by particle boundary doping. The RT ionic conductivity of Li3GaF6 is correspondingly increased by 2 orders of magnitude, and the conductivity reaches 10-4 S cm-1 at 60 °C. The improved ionic conductivity benefits from the enhancement of interfacial ion transport, with the formation of more conductive chlorine-doped Li3GaF6-xClx and in situ binder LiAlCl4 to cement surrounding nanoparticles. The as-synthesized Li3GaF6 demonstrates outstanding humidity tolerance without conductivity degradation after exposure to a relative humidity of up to 35%. It also exhibits the widest electrochemical stability window experimentally (close to 6 V) compared with other state-of-the-art SEs. The solid-state Li/Li3GaF6/LiFePO4 cell with a stable Li+-conductive polymer interface is successfully driven for at least 200 cycles at 0.5C. Our study provides a solution to various chemical and electrochemical stability issues encountered by the halide SE family.

Effects of waste wollastonite filler on hot mix asphalt performance

Asphalt pavement plays a critical role in global infrastructure, necessitating substantial annual investments for maintenance and repair. Enhancing asphalt mixture performance is essential for prolonging pavement life and reducing associated costs. This study explores the use of waste wollastonite, a neutral mineral composed of silica and lime, as a filler material in asphalt mixtures. Comprehensive micro-scale performance tests, including Marshall Stability, resistance modulus, indirect tensile strength, and moisture sensitivity, were conducted on samples incorporating waste wollastonite. The findings indicate that replacing lime filler with waste wollastonite significantly improves asphalt performance; specifically, complete substitution resulted in increases in Marshall Stability, Marshall Quotient, and resistance modulus by 30%, 28%, and 26%, respectively. Furthermore, a 70% replacement of lime with waste wollastonite led to a 9% increase in tensile strength ratio while demonstrating a notable reduction in indirect tensile strength compared to control samples. These results suggest that waste wollastonite is a viable and effective filler option for enhancing the durability of asphalt mixtures.

A Versatile InF3 Substituted Argyrodite Sulfide Electrolyte Toward Ultrathin Films for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) incorporating sulfide solid electrolytes capture great attention due to their intrinsic safety features and high energy density. Nevertheless, the implementation of sulfide solid electrolytes faces significant challenges, including moisture sensitivity, narrow intrinsic electrochemical windows, and excessively thick solid electrolyte layers. Here, the substitution of In for P and F for Cl in argyrodite sulfide Li5.7PS4.7Cl1.3 is presented. With appropriate elemental substitutions, the Li symmetric cells exhibit a high critical current density value of 2.5 mA cm−2 and deliver prolonged plating/stripping over 1000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 25 °C. Further, the Li5.82P0.94In0.06S4.7Cl1.12F0.18 displays high chemical stability toward organic solvents, which is further demonstrated by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Using polyisobutylene as a binder, a uniform sulfide film (35 µm) is prepared by slurry casting and hot pressing process, delivering a high ionic conductivity of 1.4 mS cm−1 at 25 °C. Coupled with FeS2 and LiCoO2 cathode, the all‐solid‐state lithium metal cell exhibits a long cycling life and excellent rate performance. This study provides a design strategy and reveals the importance of high‐performance sulfide SEs in the scalable production of sulfide film.

Microwave healing properties and moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixture containing iron powder filler

Through experimental tests, this paper investigated the effectiveness of microwave healing on asphalt mixtures containing iron powder (IP) filler to improve durability and enhance mechanical properties. The moisture sensitivity of the asphalt mixes with varying iron powder filler contents was measured using the modified Lottman test. For evaluating the asphalt mixture healing ability, two complementary methods were used: the fatigue-based method, derived from the ability of microwave healing of asphalt mixture samples damaged up to 50% level of indirect tensile fatigue (ITF), and the fracture-based method, obtained from the strength recovery rate of broken semi-circular samples by applying consecutive breaking-healing cycles. The results showed that the greater the quantity of iron powder filler in the asphalt sample, the greater the sample’s indirect tensile strength and TSR ratio, indicating that IP had a positive effect on moisture sensitivity. The findings also indicated that utilizing iron powder as a filler positively strengthens the fatigue life, increases the toughness, and increases the microwave healing indices (both fatigue and failure approaches). Finally, according to the study results, substituting 70% iron powder as the filler is the most suitable option for improving the mechanical and self-healing characteristics of asphalt mixes.

Enhancing skimmed milk powder functionalities through multicriteria optimization of outlet drying air temperature and spraying air pressure

This study investigated the effects of spraying air pressure and outlet air temperature on the physicochemical and functional properties of skimmed milk powder. Experimental design methodology showed that higher outlet air temperatures improved dry matter content, gelation ability, and flowability, but strengthened colour, moisture sensitivity, and favoured protein denaturation. Spraying air pressure primarily influenced particle size, affecting powder rheological properties and colour. This study highlights the importance of controlling drying parameters to optimize powder properties. The use of a genetic evolutionary algorithm in the optimization process allowed the simultaneous improvement of several functionalities of skimmed milk powder. The findings of this study can contribute to the development of enhanced powders with tailored properties for specific industrial applications.

Rheological and adhesive improvements of terminal blend rubberized asphalt via fumed silica nanoparticle modification

Due to the high degree of desulfurization and depolymerization of crumb rubber (CR) particles in terminal blend rubberized asphalt (TBRA), their elasticity and adhesive performance are insufficient. To address this, the study utilized low-cost fume silica nanoparticles (FSNPs) to enhance the elasticity and adhesive properties. TBRA binders with varying CR contents (30 %, 40 %, 50 %) were modified using different dosages of FSNPs (2 %, 4 %, 6 %). The microstructure of FSNPs was examined through TEM and SEM. Using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test, contact angle test, and atomic force microscope (AFM) test, the effects of FSNPs on the rheological properties, surface energy, and adhesive properties of TBRA binders were evaluated. The results showed significant improvements in the deformation resistance and elasticity of the TBRA binders modified with FSNPs. This is attributed to the branched network structure of FSNPs, which notably enhances the binder's cohesion, thereby strengthening its resistance to shear deformation and improving elasticity. FSNPs effectively reduce the moisture sensitivity of TBRA, due to the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups on FSNPs being replaced by hydrophobic methyl groups (-CH3). The inadequate bonding performance of TBRA can be attributed to the high levels of extensively depolymerized and desulfurized CR particles, which reduce the cohesiveness of the binder. The addition of FSNPs, although it lowers the surface energy of TBRA binders, significantly enhances their cohesiveness due to the branched network structure, thereby improving their bond performance. AFM results indicate that FSNPs enhance the adhesive strength of the TBRA binder surface due to their high specific surface area, which provides more van der Waals forces and electrostatic interactions. For economic efficiency, an addition of 4 % is recommended for TB30, and 2 % for TB40 and TB50. At these specified concentrations, the bond strength of the TBRA binder can be increased by 45–55 %.

Antisolvent‐Mediated Air Quench for High‐Efficiency Air‐Processed Carbon‐Based Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a leading low‐cost photovoltaic technology, achieving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 26.1%. However, their commercialization is hindered by stability issues and the need for controlled processing environments. Carbon‐electrode‐based PSCs (C‐PSCs) offer enhanced stability and cost‐effectiveness compared to traditional metal‐electrode PSCs, i.e., Au and Ag. However, processing challenges persist, particularly in air conditions where moisture sensitivity poses a significant hurdle. Herein, a novel air processing technique is presented for planar C‐PSCs that incorporates antisolvent vapors, such as chlorobenzene, into a controlled air‐quenching process. This method effectively mitigates moisture‐induced instability, resulting in champion PCEs exceeding 20% and robust stability under ambient conditions. The approach retains 80% of initial efficiency after 30 h of operation at maximum power point without encapsulation. This antisolvent‐mediated air‐quenching technique represents a significant advancement in the scalable production of C‐PSCs, paving the way for future large‐scale deployment.

Moisture damage mechanism of asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement binder: A novel molecular dynamics study

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) stands at the forefront of sustainable practices in road construction and rehabilitation. However, concerns regarding the moisture susceptibility of aged RAP binder have arisen due to its potential hazard to pavement durability. So far, the underlying mechanisms of how moisture infiltrates into the mixture and results in binder stripping remain controversial and scarcely investigated. To address this challenge, a novel molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method has been developed to explore the nanoscale stripping mechanisms, considering the effects of asphalt oxidative aging and rejuvenation. The results indicate that hydrogen bonding interactions between water and the aggregate surface reduce the contact distance compared to the distance between asphalt and aggregate. Under pore water pressure, moisture diffuses into the interface, occupying the van der Waals adhesion sites of asphalt molecules and consequently causing detachment. Asphalt oxidative aging, on one hand, increases the oxygen concentration and hydrophilicity, thereby increasing moisture susceptibility from the energy perspective. On the other hand, it increases the intermolecular friction between aged asphalt molecules, leading to reduced flexibility and age hardening, consequently triggering asphalt premature detachment and diminishing its coating quality on the aggregate surface. Rejuvenators can restore the moisture sensitivity of severely aged asphalt, with a mechanism involving two aspects: firstly, reducing the agglomeration and proportion of polar components in asphalt, thereby weakening its hydrophilicity; secondly, lubricating aged asphalt molecules to restore their flexibility and surface coating properties. Findings from this study contribute to revealing the moisture-induced damage mechanism when recycling RAP binder.

Highly sensitive and chemically resistant moisture sensor based on polyether sulfone and polyimide composite membrane for power transformer oil

Abstract Moisture is the primary factor leading to the deterioration of transformer oil. Real-time detection of transformer oil moisture content holds significant importance to help power companies monitor the transformer’s operational status, track the change curve of the oil moisture content, identify water ingress causes, and implement preventive measures. However, transformer oil has the characteristics of low moisture content and complex chemical composition, which pose a substantial challenge for sensor monitoring, and require the prepared sensor to be chemically resistant and highly sensitive to moisture. To address these challenges, in this paper, a parallel plate oil moisture sensor with high sensitivity and high chemical resistance based on PES and PI was developed using the MEMS process. The sensor incorporates PES as the chemical resistance layer and PI as the moisture sensitivity layer. The parallel plate design not only optimizes sensitivity by effectively utilizing electric field lines but also allows the passage of water while isolating oil molecules, further enhancing the chemical resistance of the sensor. Experimental results in air demonstrate that the prototype sensor exhibits high sensitivity (~1.26 pF/% RH) across the full humidity range of 0-100% RH. Moreover, the sensor can withstand exposure to a wide range of chemical corrosive gases, including acetone, ammonia, etc. Tests in transformer oil reveal that the sensor has a resolution better than 200 ppm and can effectively measure moisture in the range of 0-1400 ppm, demonstrating very high sensitivity (4 pF/100 ppm) and rapid response (10/23 s).

Utilising natural pigments as a filler replacement on the mix design, performance and colorimetric characteristics of the microsurfacing mixture: laboratory evaluation

Coloured pavements enhance road safety and urban aesthetics. This study examined the use of bitumen emulsion and natural pigments as replacements for natural filler in coloured microsurfacing mixtures (CMMs). Coloured powders and natural fillers were analyzed, and seven colour combinations of red, yellow, and blue pigments with titanium dioxide (TiO2) were used to create CMMs. Performance was evaluated according to ASTM D6372, while colour evaluation was assessed using a colorimetric system and a spectrophotometer device. The results revealed that the mixture containing the red pigment exhibited the most appropriate performance, which was based on its particle size and properties among the CMMs. Compared to the control sample, the red combination showed improved cohesion (9.3-9.5% increase), reduced moisture sensitivity (40.1% decrease), and less vertical displacement under traffic (14.5% reduction). TiO2 was beneficial for blue and red compounds at 1-3% content, while 1% TiO2 yielded optimal results for yellow compounds.

Moisture Sensitivity Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixture Incorporating Fly Ash Geopolymer (FAG) Asphalt Binder

In Malaysia, Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is widely used in asphalt production. HMA is a mixture of asphalt and aggregates that give durability to the road surface for pavement. Due to vehicles excessive traffic loadings that cause road surface damage, this pavement technology frequently undergoes maintenance and rehabilitation work. This study used recycled material as a modified binder and showned the best result in increasing stiffness and better rutting performance with high percentages of additives. This research focuses on the effect of FAG additive on asphalt mixture performance evaluation according to SuperpaveTM mixes design method. The procedures were specified according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), British Standard (BS) and Malaysian Standard (MS). The granite aggregate type was produced by a local quarry with conventional asphalt binder grade 80/100 and 60/70. Incorporation FAG in modified asphalt binder as levels of 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11% by mass of asphalt binder. The performance of moisture sensitivity showed low moisture damage susceptibility for the mixture based on consistent values of TSR, in which all the specimens met the minimum TSR threshold of 80%. The optimization findings indicated that 9% of fly ash geopolymer might be the ideal content for modifying the asphalt binder. Overall, research findings suggest that using geopolymers may have improved some of the characteristics of asphalt binder and the performance of asphalt binders in pavement applications. Thus, the outcomes of this research were significantly used for further performance test and analysis on the asphalt mixture.

Green and sustainable fabrication of DES-pretreated high-strength densified wood

Wood is a sustainable, benign, and high-performing green structural material readily available in nature that can be used to replace structural materials. However, insufficient mechanical performance (compared to metals and plastic), moisture sensitivity, and susceptibility to microorganism attack make it challenging to use wood as it is for advanced engineering applications. We here present an efficient approach to fabricating densified wood with minimal time and waste generation, demonstrating high mechanical strength, and decreased water penetration on the surface. Wood slabs were treated with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to solubilize the lignin, followed by in-situ regeneration of dissolved lignin in the wood. Then, the slabs were densified with heat and pressure, turning the wood into a functionalized densified material. Lignin regeneration and morphological changes were observed via two-photon microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. The final product is less susceptible to water absorption on the surface and has enhanced flexural strength (> 50% higher), surface hardness (100% increased), and minimal set recovery compared to natural wood. The improved mechanical performance is due to regenerated lignin which acts as a glue and fills spaces present within the interconnected cellulose network inside the wood, forming a highly dense composite during densification. Such enhancement in the properties of DES-densified wood composite makes it a favorable candidate for advanced structural and engineering applications.

Coordinating-ion-spray mass spectroscopy as a method for the detection and identification of electron-poor and air-sensitive phosphines

Electron-poor metal complexes play a pivotal role in catalytic cycles, influencing reactivity and reaction pathways. Despite their significance, the utilization of electron-poor phosphine ligands is limited in the literature due to their air and moisture sensitivity, complicating their full characterization. To address the analytical needs of electron-poor phosphines, coordinating-ion-spray mass spectrometry (CIS-MS) emerges as a promising tool, offering sensitivity and versatility particularly suited for challenging compounds.

A Na-Free Surface Enables "Three-In-One" Enhancement of Structural, Interfacial and Air Stability for Sodium-Ion Battery Cathodes.

O3-type layered oxides are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. However, the multistep phase transitions, severe electrode/electrolyte parasitic reactions, and moisture sensitivity are challenging for their practical application because of the highly active Na+. Here, a Na-free layer is built on the surface of NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2 (NMF111) via a leaching treatment and the subsequent surface reconstruction. Accordingly, both the structural degradation from bulk to surface and the overgrowth of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) are greatly ameliorated, which results in the improved capacity retention of modified NMF111 from 58.3% to 89.6% after 400 cycles at 1 C. Besides, the Na-free surface with rock-salt structure prevents the H+/Na+ exchange and then enables good reversibility and low polarization of the optimal NMF111 when exposed to wet air (50% RH) for 4 days. This work opens a new avenue for the comprehensive cyclability improvement of layered oxides via surface reconstruction.

Evaluation of global seamless soil moisture products over China: A perspective of soil moisture sensitivity to precipitation

Accurate and timely information about soil moisture (SM) is not only critical to the study of climate change, but is also significant for agricultural production, drought monitoring, and hydrometeorological predictions. With the development of satellite remote sensing techniques, land surface models, and data assimilation techniques, a number of global seamless soil moisture products have been released with highly variable accuracy. A comprehensive evaluation of these products is necessary to select a suitable SM product for use. In this study, we provided such an evaluation of four global seamless SM products (SMAP-L4, ERA5-Land, GLDAS-Noah, and GLEAM) over China based on the stations from the automatic soil moisture observation (ASMO) system. Compared to previous studies that focused on a direct comparison between SM products and in situ SM observations, we specifically evaluated these products from the perspective of SM sensitivity to precipitation. This is because in situ precipitation observations are more spatially representative than in situ SM observations. Precipitation is a regional event, therefore in situ precipitation observations can be better scale-matched with coarse resolution SM products compared to in situ SM observations. Further, in addition to surface soil moisture (SSM), root zone soil moisture (RZSM) was evaluated in this study. The combination of all statistics illustrates that SMAP-L4 and ERA5-Land generally performed better than GLDAS-Noah and GLEAM. Regardless of the SSM or RZSM estimates, SMAP-L4 had the lowest median bias and RMSE of the four products, and ERA5-Land had the lowest median correlation coefficient (R) value. The lowest median ubRMSE was obtained by SMAP-L4 in SSM evaluation and ERA5-Land performed better than other RZSM products with the lowest median ubRMSE. From the perspective of SM sensitivity to precipitation, SMAP-L4 can capture daily precipitation dynamics most effectively, closely followed by ERA5-Land. This partially explains the superiority of SMAP-L4 and ERA5-Land over GLDAS-Noah and GLEAM for SM monitoring. The results of the metrics under different precipitation conditions varied considerably among the products. But while considering of ubRMSE alone, all products performed better under arid and humid conditions than to semi-arid and semi-humid conditions. This may be due to the fact that SM products had a limited ability to capture the SM dynamics under moderate precipitation. These findings may provide new insights into the selection of appropriate SM products and SM estimation in the future.

Ionic liquid regulating perovskite film for air-processed perovskite solar cells

Air-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) expediate its commercialization. However, since the intrinsic moisture sensitivity disturb perovskite crystallization and morphology, the photovoltaic performance and shelf stability attenuation are inevitably occurred. Herein, 1-ethy-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([AOEMIM][BF4]) ionic liquids (ILs) was incorporated into perovskite interior to weaken the deleterious influence of ambient moisture on perovskite crystallization. The carboxyl and imidazole from the [AOEMIM]+ moiety passivate undercoordinated Pb2+ defects through coordination bond, while hydrophobic [BF4]- incorporating into the precursor solution protects the films from moisture destruction. Consequently, the targeted PSCs fabricated in open air achieved an impressive PCE of 19.86 % with favorable shelf stability, maintaining 93 % and 89 % of their original efficiencies after 720 h under relative humidity of 80 ± 2 % and after 240 h thermal ageing measurement at 85 °C, respectively.

Scalable Synthesis of Single Crystal Ni-Rich Cathodes for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries

Long-range electrical vehicles require high energy density lithium-ion batteries that utilize stable, high-energy cathode materials. Among various cathodes, Ni-rich NMC cathodes with a layered structure, knows for their high capacity, high voltage, and cost-effectiveness, stand out as one of the most promising cathodes. Traditional polycrystalline Ni-rich NMC encounter issues such as pulverization, gas generation and moisture sensitivity, limiting their widespread use in EV batteries on large scale. The single crystal format of Ni-rich cathode can effectively eliminate and mitigate these issues. However, synthesizing of high-performance single crystal Ni rich NMC, especially when Ni ≥0.8, presents a significant challenge.We’ve explored an innovative phase separation approach for direct synthesis of high-performance single crystal NMC811. The comprehensive investigation into the reaction mechanism of single crystal growth was conducted to understand the relationship between synthesis, morphology, and performance in growing single crystal NMC811. The enhanced performance of these materials was realized through the precise morphological and structural control of precursors and has been confirmed in practical 2Ah pouch cells. The developed approach is readily adaptable to current industry manufacturing processes and provides valuable new insights that can be broadly applied to cost-efficient large-scale synthesis of single crystals and various advanced battery materials technologies.

Solid-State Lithium-Ion Superionic Electrolytes with Reduced Moisture Sensitivity

The remarkable safety and high energy density of solid-state batteries (SSBs) created significant advantages in the development of next-generation energy storage. The properties of these batteries are highly dependent on the characteristics of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), making them a crucial material in the development of such batteries. Following diverse principles of material design, lithium halide SSEs, particularly Li3InCl6, open new opportunities in the development of SSBs due to their unique properties including broad electrochemical stability window, high lithium-ion conductivity, and excellent deformability. Through a mechano-thermal synthesis approach, Li3InCl6 demonstrates substantial ionic conductivity at room temperature. We studied the temperature-dependent behavior of Li3InCl6 by using in-situ/operando techniques such as XRD and XPS. However, its susceptibility to moisture poses a significant challenge for practical implementation in SSBs. To overcome this limitation, this research is focused on a novel solution: hafnium doping of Li3InCl6. Integrating hafnium into the Li3InCl6 structure results in a substantial improvement in electrochemical performance. The Li2.6In0.6Hf0.4Cl6 solid-state electrolyte not only showcases heightened ionic conductivity but also demonstrates improved resistance to moisture. The achieved ionic conductivity reaches approximately 1 mS cm-1, marking a significant 3.5-fold increase compared to Li3InCl6. Noteworthy is the fact that, after 5 hours of exposure to air with 15% humidity, the observed reduction in ionic conductivity for Li2.6In0.6Hf0.4Cl6 is 37%, a notably lower decrease compared to the 57% reduction seen in Li3InCl6.The efficacy of hafnium doping provides a crucial advancement in the field of solid-state electrolytes, promising a transformative impact on next-generation energy storage systems.