Moina Sp Research Articles

Growth Interaction of Moina sp. and Chlorella sp. for Sustainable Aquaculture

Fish farmers’ dependence on costly formulated fish feed has affected their income. The cost of formulated feed is also constantly rising. Efforts to mass-produce the locally available natural resource, namely water flea (Moina sp.), were initiated as an alternative to the commercially formulated fish feed. This study evaluates the most suitable growth medium for commercially culturing Moina sp. and Chlorella sp. and studies the effect of their growth activity on water quality. In this study, the growth behaviour of Moina sp. and Chlorella sp. was monitored individually before Moina sp. was cultured together with Chlorella sp. in a growth medium. Chlorella sp. was cultured in different mediums (BG-11, Bristol, and organic fertiliser). The first generation of Moina sp. took 96 h to mature and begin to reproduce, while the next generation took a shorter time (from 24h to 48 h). The brood size was between five and 15 neonates, while the maximum brood count recorded was eight. The Chlorella sp. culture had grown well on Day 5 (555.33 ug/L); thus, it was introduced with Moina sp. on Day 6. Although an organic fertiliser medium provided the optimum conditions for Chlorella sp. growth, it slightly inhibited the Moina sp. growth due to higher ammonia (NH3) concentration. However, the organic fertiliser medium could sustain Chlorella sp. growth while being ingested by Moina sp. The growth activity of both species slightly affected the water quality. Meanwhile, the increase in ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was recorded. In conclusion, organic fertiliser is the best medium for Chlorella sp. growth, which is the main food source for Moina sp. culture.

Effects of Moina sp. [Straus, 1820] adding of Snail Flour to Increase the Larvae performance of Jelawat Fish (Leptobarbus hoevenii [Bleeker, 1851

Enrichment is the process of adding an ingredient aiming to compliment and increase the nutrient feed. Potential snail flour served as a media enriched in Moina sp. because it has a high nutrient content. The objective of the study was to assess the provision of Moina sp. enriched with golden snail flour to the growth and survival of larvae of jelawat fish (Leptobarbus hoevenii). This research was conducted at Sungai Gelam Freshwater Aquaculture Center, Jambi and Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The research design was a complete randomized design (RAL) with 4 different treatments of golden snail flour doses, namely A (control), B (4 g/l), C (8 g/l), D (12 g/l), with 3 repetitions. Data absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, and survival rate were analyzed using the Anova test and continued with the BNT test. The results showed that the application of Moina sp enriched with golden snail meal 4 g/l and 8 g/l had a significant effect on long growth and weight but had no significant effect on the survival rate of jelawat fish.

Feeding rate and frequency during the first feeding of angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare - Schultze, 1823) and severum (Heros severus - Heckel, 1840) with Moina sp.

The aim of the present study was to determine the best feeding for angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) and severum (Heros severus) post-larvae fed with Moina sp. during their first feeding phase. For this purpose, growth performance and intestinal histomorphometry of angelfish and severum post-larvae under different feeding rates and frequencies were evaluated. The experiment was conducted for 20 days. 320 angelfish and severum post-larvae with five days post-hatch were used. Angelfish post-larvae had an average initial length and weight of 6.17 ± 1.11 mm and 2.35 ± 1.17 mg, whereas severum post-larvae had an average initial length and weight of 6.61 ± 0.34 mm and 3.12 ± 0.37 mg, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme (4 × 2), with four different feeding rates: 100, 200, 300 and 400 Moina sp. post-larvae−1 day−1, divided into two and four times per day, with four replicates for each treatment. No interaction (p > 0,05) was observed between feeding rate and frequency. The highest values of final length, length gain and specific growth rate for length were observed in angelfish post-larvae fed 300 and 400 Moina sp. post-larvae−1 day−1, while these variables were higher only for severum post-larvae fed 400 Moina sp. post-larvae−1 day−1. The highest values of final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate for weight and allometric condition factor were observed in both species fed 400 Moina sp. post-larvae−1 day−1. Height, width and area of intestinal villi were higher in angelfish post-larvae consumed 300 and 400 Moina sp. post-larvae−1 day−1. The same result was found for width of intestinal villi of severum post-larvae. Height and area of the intestinal villi were higher only in severum post-larvae fed 400 Moina sp. post-larvae−1 day−1. There was no effect of the feeding frequency on any of the evaluated parameters. Overall, based on the obtained results, it is recommended for both species a feeding rate of 400 Moina sp. post-larvae−1 day−1 divided in two times a day.

Replacement Effect Of Moina sp With Artificial Feed On Survival And Growth Of Asang Fry (Ostheochilus hasseltii)

This study aimed to analyze the effect of early replacement of Moina sp with artificial feed on the survival and growth of Asang fish larvae. This research method is an experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Treatment A was given artificial feed for 30 days, treatment B was given Moina sp for 5 days followed by artificial feed for 25 days and treatment C was given Moina sp for 10 followed by artificial feed for 20 days. The data obtained from the research results were analyzed by statistical test Analysis of variance (ANOVA). To determine the difference between treatments, continued with Duncan’s test. Based on the results of the one-way ANOVA analysis, the initial period of artificial feeding had no significant effect on survival (P>0.05) but had a significant effect on the growth rate of weight and length of Asang fish larvae (P<0.05). Giving Moina sp for 10 days followed by artificial feed gave optimal results followed by giving Moina sp for 5 days followed by artificial feed.

Fatty Acid Profiling of Moina sp. Preserved in Cryoprotective Agents at Low Temperature

Highlight ResearchSaturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), ∑ ω6 and ∑ ω3 of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% GLY decreased with prolong storage.FA of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% EG showed a significant reduced only after M3.Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and PUFA of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% DMSO increased significantly (p<0.05) after M3.Moina sp. preserved in 5% DMSO maintain the docosaheaenoic acid (DHA) level, which could be potential method for long-term preservation.AbstractMoina sp. is an important feed for larval and post-larval rearing of aquaculture species. Preservation of Moina sp. using various preservation agents and techniques is known to be less time-consuming procedure in maintaining large number of feed in hatchery management. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the changes of fatty acid (FA) composition of Moina sp. preserved at 5, 10 and 20% in glycerol (GLY), ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 1 to 3 months (M1-M3). Moina sp. without cryoprotectant agents stored at -40°C as controls. Saturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), ∑ ω6 and ∑ ω3 of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% GLY decreased with prolonging storage. FA of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% EG showed a significant reduction only after M3. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and PUFA of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% DMSO increased significantly (p<0.05) after M3. Moina sp. preserved in 5% DMSO maintain the docosaheaenoic acid (DHA) level, which could be a potential method for long-term preservation.

Variasi Pemberian Bioton terhadap Kelimpahan Moina sp.

Fish after the egg-bag absorption phase require external feeding, in the form of fresh natural food organisms, such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, or aquatic insect larvae. These natural food organisms are limited in number. The business of mass production of natural food is still limited to several types originating from marine or brackish waters. For this type of natural freshwater fish feed, it is still limited to experimental materials. This study aims to determine the best dosage of Bioton liquid fertilizer added to the maintenance medium to the rate of population abundance of Moina sp. The research was conducted at the Wet Laboratory of Fisheries Cultivation Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmad Yani University, Banjarmasin. The method used in this study was an experiment with a completely randomized design of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment applied was 4 treatments with 3 repetitions, with the following treatment of Bioton liquid fertilizer: A = 5 ml / 3 l water, B = 10 ml / 3 l water, C = 15 ml / 3 l water, and D = without Bioton liquid fertilizer (control). The results showed that the abundance of Moina sp in treatment A = 4,333 ind / l, B = 3,633 ind / l, C = 2,700 ind / l and D = 3,034 ind / l. The ANOVA test results of all treatments were very significantly different, so accept H1, namely giving bioton with different doses had a significant effect on the abundance of Moina sp. The results of the LSD test of all treatments had a very significant difference in abundance, except for treatment D to treatment C which was significantly different, with the best treatment being a dose of 5 ml / 3 l of water (treatment A).

Pleistocene Branchiopods (Cladocera, Anostraca) from Transbaikalian Siberia Demonstrate Morphological and Ecological Stasis

Pleistocene water bodies have been studied using the paleolimnological approach, which traces environmental changes using particular subfossils as ecological proxies, rather than analysis of the paleocommunities themselves. Within a given taphocoenosis, the presence and quantity of animals are related to environmental conditions rather than to community types where relationships between taxa are stabilized during their long-term co-occurrence and are (at least partially) more important than the particular environmental conditions at the time of deposition, which may have experienced significant seasonal and inter-seasonal variations. Here, we analyze Branchiopoda (Crustacea) of two paleolocalities in the Transbaikalian Region of Russia: Urtuy (MIS3) and Nozhiy (older than 1.5 million years). Cladocerans Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) magna, D. (C.) similis, D. (Daphnia) pulex, Ceriodaphnia pulchella-reticulata, C. laticaudata, Simocephalus sp., Moina cf. brachiata, M. macropopa clade, Chydorus cf. sphaericus, Capmtocercus sp. and anostracans Branchinecta cf. paludosa, and Streptocephalus (Streptocephalus) sp. are found in two localities. With the exception of the last taxon, which now occurs in the southern Holarctic, all other taxa inhabit the Transbaikalian Region. Within Eurasia, the steppe zone has the greatest diversity of large branchiopods and a high diversity of some cladocerans, such as subgenus Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) and Moina sp. Here we demonstrated that the branchiopod community in shallow steppe water bodies has been unchanged since at least the Pleistocene, demonstrating long-term morphological and ecological stasis.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PAKAN ALAMI Moina sp. DENGAN DOSIS YANG BERBEDA DALAM Feeding Regime TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELULUSHIDUPAN LARVA IKAN BAUNG (Hemibagrus nemurus)

Baung (Hemibagrus nemurus) is one of the endogeneous freshwater fish that has economic value. Baung still rarely cultivated and only relies on catches, so its need to be cultivated. Live feed must be given the appropriate amount because the fish will grow not optimally if the feed is a few or too much. Moina sp. is one of the live feeds that can be given to baung larvae. The nutritions content of Moina sp. were 37.38% protein, 13.29% fat, 0.00% crude fiber, 11.00% ash, and 99.60% moisture content. Size of Moina sp. that suitable for larvae ranges is 500 – 1,000 μm.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of live feed Moina sp. with different doses in feeding regime on growth and survival of larvae baung and to determine the best dose of Moina sp. on growth and survival larvae baung. The research was carried out at the Technical Implementation Unit of the Fish Larvae Center (UPT BBI) Sawangan, Magelang District in March – May 2018. The individuals of D3 larvae with a length of 0.6 ± 0.1 cm were used in the culture. The research was conducted using experimental method with completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. Those treatments were treatment A (5ind / ml), B (10 ind / ml), C (15 ind / ml), and D (20 ind / ml).The results showed that the different dose of live feed Moina sp. significantly affected (P <0.01) on TKP, Pm, SGR, EPP, PER and RGR but not significantly affected (P>0.05) on SR. in. treatment D showed the best value of absolute length, SGR and SR in D3D15 stage were 0.9 ± 0.10, 7.04 ± 0.5, 90 ± 3.3,respectivel. In other addition of D15-D28 had absolute length, SGR, FCR, Feed utilization efficiency, PER, RGR and SR were 0.8 ± 0.10, SGR 3.55 ± 0.17 , 1.31 ± 0.1, 76.76 ± 6.2,1.53 ± 0.1, 5.24 ± 0.5, 85.22 ± 3.5. However,20 ind/ml of Moina sp dosage which be recommend for baung larval rearing in hatchery.

Growth and Survival Rate of the Snakehead (Channa striata) Larvae Fed with Different Natural Feeds

Snakehead is a kind of fresh water fish that still taken from the nature, which is the yield of it fishing are unreliable. Therefore, the aquaculture technique is needed. Critical phase of snakehead aquaculture is choosing suitable feed for larvae. Based on this problem, information about first feed suitable for larvae is very important.The aim of the research is to know about growth and survival rate of snakehead larvae with different feed. The research was done in 21 days at the Center for Research and Development of Freshwater Aquaculture Bogor. Larvae with first weight 0.4±0.07 mg and length 4.56±0.53 mm were used. Fish were feed three times daily in ad satiation. Experimental design used was completely randomized design four treatment with three replications, namely A (egg yolk chicken), B (Moina sp,), C (Artemia sp.) and D (silk worm). Parameters measured were the absolute length growth, the growth of absolute weight, specific growth rate, survival rate and feed efficiency. Water quality parameters were temperature, pH, DO and conductivity. The result showed that the used of silk worm as first feed for larvae indicated the best performences. The growth of the absolute length of 13.34±1.30 mm, absolute weight of 54.52±2.93mg, specific growth rate 23.85±0.21%, survival rate 97.67±2.36% and feed efficiency 82.69±7.79%. Keywords : feed, growth, larvae, silk worm, snakehead, survival rate.

Dormant Progagule Banks of Cladoceran Communites and Hatching Success from the Sedimentin China

The resources of cladoceran communitesin lakes in typical eutrophic shallow lakes in Chinawere investigated. Diapausing eggs of cladocerans were collected from the surface sediment of typical eutrophic shallow lakes and then hatched in the laboratory. The most common and dominant genera were Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Alona sp. and Moina sp. The density of large cladocerans in the hatchlings was lower than the small cladocerans (Bosmina, Ceriodaphnia, Alonaand Moina). The distribution and abundance and species of Daphnia community were significantly influenced by TN and fish community.

Preliminary Study on the Feeding Schedule of Laboratory Reared of Bonylip barb Larva, Osteochilus vittatus Cyprinidae

A preliminary study was conducted on the feeding schedule of laboratory reared larvae of O. vittatus. The feeding schedule consisted (1) Artemia nauplii from 10 to 15 days, Moina sp from 15 to 20 days, Tubifex worms from 20 to 40 days, (2) Artemia nauplii from 10 to 20 days, Moina sp from 20 to 25 days, Tubifex worms from 25 to 40 days, (3) Artemia nauplii from 10 to 25 days, Moina sp from 25 to 30 days, Tubifex worms from 30 to 40 days, (4) Artemia nauplii from 10 to 30 days, Moina sp from 30 to 35 days, Tubifex worms from 35 to 40 days. The feeding schedules were significant differences on growth performance of O.vittatus larvae and the were no significant differences on survival rate. The results indicated that feeding schedule Artemia nauplii from 10 to 15 days, Moina sp from 15 to 20 days, Tubifex worms from 20 to 40 days showed better growth performance in terms of the parameters measured.

Pengaruh Pemupukan Ulang Kotoran Ayam Kering Terhadap Populasi Cacing Tubifex tubifex <br><i>[The Effect Of Remanuring Dry Chicken Manure In Tubifex tubifex Population]<i>

Abstract Tubifex tubifex is one kind of natural food for fish larva. This worm has an important role because it can support the fish growth faster than another natural food like Daphnia sp. or Moina sp. It is caused by its has high nutrition. Dry chicken manure can be used for manuring worm media because it have high organic matter. The purpose of this research was to know the effect of remanuring dry chicken manure to the population of Tubifex tubifex and to know the remanuring of dry chicken manure which is gives high population of Tubifex tubifex. The method used was experimental method. Completely Randomize Design was used in this research with 4 dose manuring treatments and 4 replication : PI (dose 0,08 g/cm2/l days), P2 (dose 0,4 g/cm2/5 days), P3 (dose 0,8 g/cm2/10 days) dan P4 (dose 1,2 g/cm2/15 days). The analysis result showed that the treatment of PI (dose 0,08 g/cm2/l day), manuring of dry chicken manure could give the highest population of Tubifex tubifex was 505 individuals reached at days20. At days-30 there was decreasing total number population so that the harvesting of Tubifex tubifex could be done at days-20. The water quality during this research were pH 6,4 - 7; DO 1,2 - 3,8 mg/1; water temperature 28 - 30 °C and ammonia 0,06 mg/1. The water quality was in optimum condition for Tubifex tubifex growth.

Effect Of Different Dietary Items On The Growth Of African Catfish Hybrid Heterobranchus Bidorsalis (♂) X Clarias Gariepinus

This paper describes the growth response of the developmental stages of hybrid catish resulting rom the crossing of Heterobranchus bidorsalis (male) and Clarias gariepinus (female), fed with different feed rations. Hatchlings of the hybrid catfish were cultured in plastic aquaria set up at thefish hatchery complex, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The hatchlings were fed and observed for91 days. Different food items such as artificially compounded feed, zooplankton / live organisms Moina sp and Brachionus sp, and a mixture of zooplankton (Moina sp and Brachionus sp) and artificially compounded feed were administered. The mixture gave the best result with a mean weight o 792g ±2.73g folowed by those fed Moina sp (1.93g± 0.27) and Brachionus sp (1.80g ±0.32) respectively. Hatchlings fed only artificially compounded feed exhibitedthe poorest growth. A mixture of live food organisms and artcially compounded feed is thus recommended for better growth response of catfish hybrid, (H. bidorsalis ♂ x C. gariepinus ♀). Keywords : Catfish hybrid, Hatchlings, Juveniles, Diet, Growth Animal Research International Vol. 4 (2) 2007 pp. 662-665

Effect of Application of Rice Straw and Compost on the Bacterial Communities Associated with Moina sp. in the Floodwater of a Paddy Soil Microcosm: Estimation Based on DGGE Pattern and Sequence Analyses

Bacterial communities associated with Moina sp. in the floodwater of a paddy field microcosm were examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA. Eighteen out of 20 eubacterial DGGE bands were sequenced. The associated eubacterial communities mainly consisted of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group and α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacterial groups, irrespective of the application of rice straw and rice straw compost. The effect of the application of rice straw and compost on the communities was not appreciable, compared with host specificity. An uncultured Cytophagales bacterium was estimated to be specifically associated with Moina sp. Presence of bacteria that are specific to rice straw treatment was also estimated.

Análisis de Sistemas Experimentales de Integración Peces-Pollos.

En este trabajo, el objetivo fue evaluar cuatro tratamientos utilizando estiércoles de diferentes tipos en cultivos experimentales, estimando su eficiencia en relación a la producción piscícola y las características de cada estanque. Se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Hidrobiología de la UAEM en Cuernavaca, Morelos, México; en estanques de fibra de vidrio, con Oreochromis niloticus albina. Se realizaron análisis del plancton, bacteriológicos, bromatológicos, crecimiento piscícola y fisicoquímicos del agua. Las excretas frescas de pollo presentaron variaciones en la cantidad de nutrimentos. Las abundancias de fitoplancton fueron de 17,008 a 70,080 org/ml. Los más abundantes fueron Closterium sp. En el zooplancton, las abundancias totales fueron de 302 a 1,706 org/ml. El dominante fue Moina sp. El rendimiento fue de 22 a 117 g/m2/6 meses. Considerando lo anterior se observó que la gallinaza digerida fue el estiércol más eficiente de los cuatro. Siempre estuvieron presentes enterobacterias patógenas.

Strategies for Development of Rotifers as Larval Fish Food in Ponds

AbstractStrategies to sustain rotifer peak biomass, distribution of rotifer resting eggs in the sediment, and relationship between rotifers and larval fish growth were studied in a series of pond experiments. After the ponds were filled with water, herbivorous rotifers (e.g., Brachionus calyciflorus) developed first, but were gradually replaced by predatory rotifers (e.g., Asplanchna). Subsequently, herbivorous cladocerans (e.g., Moina sp) eventually replaced rotifers and dominated the zooplankton community. The occurrence of Asplanchna and Moina indicated the decline of B. calyciflorus. Peak rotifer biomass developed 8–10 d after the ponds were filled with water at 20–25 C, 10–15 d at 17–20 C, 15–20 d at 15–17 C, 20–30 d at 10–15 C, and >30 d at < 10 C. The abundance of resting eggs in the top 5‐cm sediment varied from 6 to 83/cm2. About 25% of resting eggs were buried in the top 5‐cm sediment but the number of resting eggs decreased with increased sediment depth. Optimum rotifer biomass for silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix larvae stocked at 1,500,000/ha was 20–40 m/gL. High rotifer biomass (>20 mg/L) usually lasted 3–5 d, but could be prolonged by pond fertilization or cladoceran controls. A weekly application of dipterex at 0.05 mg/L reduced cladoceran biomass but enhanced rotifer biomass. Our results indicate with a careful management plan it is possible to synchronize the rotifer development with larval fish stocking.

Laboratory observations on the vertical distribution of a tropical pelagic flatworm (Mesostoma sp.) in relation to satiation

Mesostoma sp., isolated from different lakes in Brazil, was taken to the laboratory and fed Moina sp. The vertical position of satiated and non-satiated individuals was monitored in 25 cm high columns exposed to natural sunlight. Phototactic responses were studied under standardised experimental conditions.

Effects of the General Predator, Notonecta (Hemiptera) Upon a Freshwater Community

SUMMARY (1) In laboratory experiments we estimated the attack rates and preferences of several instars of the predatory backswimmer, Notonecta hoffmani. The prey included mosquito larvae, surface prey, and three species of zooplankton: Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Daphnia pulex and Moina sp. Notonecta's predatory behaviour was shown to be stereotyped: neither level of hunger nor previous diet significantly influenced preference. Attack rate increased exponentially, and handling time decreased exponentially, with temperature. (2) These laboratory results and others reported elsewhere were used to explain the results of field experiments in which treatment prey populations in stock tanks on ranches in Southern California were exposed to predation by Notonecta populations at natural densities while controls were not. (3) In these field experiments, Notonecta strongly influenced the structure and dynamics of the community. It drove mosquito larvae and D. pulex extinct and reduced the density of Moina sp., C. reticulata, and several other species. Notonecta either destabilized its prey populations, by driving them extinct, or did not affect the degree of temporal variability. (4) We discuss the relationship of these results to prevailing views on the importance of predation by invertebrates in aquatic communities, extinction in natural communities, and the question of whether predators in general act to stabilize or destabilize prey populations. The qualitative results obtained in the field were well-predicted by the information obtained in the laboratory, but caution is needed in extrapolating estimates of absolute attack rates from the laboratory to the field.

The suitability of frozen and freeze-dried zooplankton as food for fish larvae: A biochemical test program

Total protein, nitrogen and lipid as well as calorific content, ash content, inorganic ions and amino acids were measured in various types of zooplankton, Artemia salina nauplii and Moina sp, including summer and winter samples from Austrian lakes. The activities of three enzyme systems, L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), proteases and NADH 2-dependent dehydrogenases, in zooplankton are not affected by freezing or freeze-drying, or by storage below −18°C. The half-life time of LDH in freeze-dried material is 280 days at room temperature, and 3 h at 80°C. When frozen or freeze-dried zooplankton material is introduced into water, enzyme activity is rapidly lost. After 10 min at 9°C, only 27% of the original LDH activity remain in the plankton material, whereas the rest can be recovered in the incubation medium. Nearly all the free and about one-third of free plus protein-bound amino acids are lost from plankton samples incubated for one hour. The leaching experiments suggest the presence of unknown, non-protein sources of “bound” citrulline and histidine in the plankton. During the process of leaching nearly all of the bound lysine and arginine are liberated from plankton proteins by the action of the still viable proteases. Pelleting freeze-dried plankton reduces the rate of leaching considerably. After 10 min in water at 9°C, about 85% of the original LDH activity can still be found in the potential food material.