Modulation Error Rate Research Articles

Evaluation of DVB-T2 Digital TV Propagation Performance in the Bali Broadcast Area

The development of terrestrial television broadcasting technology in the world today is switching from analog broadcasting systems to digital broadcasting systems. Analog Switch Off (ASO) is the period when analog broadcasts are stopped and replaced with digital broadcasts. Through the jargon "Clean Picture, Clear Sound, Advanced Technology" people will feel better quality than analog TV. In the era of digital broadcasting, TV viewers not only watch broadcast programs but can also get additional facilities such as EPG (Electronic Program Guide) to find out the programs that have been and will be aired later. With digital broadcasting, there is the ability to provide interactive services where viewers can directly rate the sound of broadcast programs in addition to the presence of features that can be utilized, such as features related to disaster information. In this study, an evaluation of the performance of DVB-T2 Digital TV propaganda will be carried out in the Bali service area. The quality of digital TV broadcasts in the Bali broadcast area is influenced by signal propagation which is parameterized by parameters C / N (or S / N), Modulation Error Rate (MER), Bit Error Rate (BER) by measuring at the test point or location of the test point/test measurement which is the outermost limit of the service area under the Minister of Communication and Information no 23 / PER / M.KOMINFO / 11/2011. So this research can be produced a map of the quality of broadcasting services in Bali which can be used as an indicator to avoid Bali from blank spot areas that can be recommended for Digital TV operators in Bali for repeater installation planning.

PAPR Reduction Using Advanced Partial Transmission Scheme for 5G Waveforms

The implementation of Peak Average to Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction technologies will play an important role in the regularization of Fifth Generation (5G) radio communication. PAPR reduction in the advanced waveform will be the key part of designing a 5G network for different applications. This work introduces the simulation of an Advanced Partial Transmission Sequence (A-PTS) reduction techniques for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) transmission schemes. In the projected A-PTS, the FBMC signals are mapped into the number of sub-blocks and Inverse Fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is performed to estimate the high peak power in the time domain. The FBMC sub-blocks are multiplied with the phase elements to achieve an optimal PAPR value. A MATLAB 2014v simulation is used to estimate the PAPR, Bit Error Rate (BER), Error Vector Magnitude (EVM), and Modulation Error Rate (MER) performance of the proposed reduction schemes. The simulated result reveals that the performance of the projected algorithm is better than the conventional algorithms.

Analog 28 GHz LoS MIMO Relay System Using a 90° Hybrid Coupler

To enlarge the range of wireless fronthaul and backhaul communication links operating close to the millimeter-wave region, this letter presents a novel line-of-sight (LoS) multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) relay system. The analog relay system consists of a simple 90° hybrid coupler to separate two uncorrelated transmit data streams realizing a low complex and cheap system. The functional capability is proven within measurements of two independent 2 × 2 LoS MIMO links at 28 GHz connected by the relay system. A high decoupling of the two independent transmitted data streams of more than 27 dB after the 90° hybrid coupler and a high modulation error rate at the last receiver of around 22 dB could be reached for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulated signals.

DVB-T2 Radio Frequency Signal Observation and Parameter Correlation

In this paper, field test measurement are described and statistically correlated to obtain useful information about radiofrequency (RF) behavior of Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial, second generation (DVB-T2) channels. Monitored radiofrequency data parameters are analyzed from statistical perspective and for finding, if any, linear correlation between them. Practical series of field measurements in the surrounding of Korca city in Albania are performed for consecutive 48 hours with sample data each second. The obtained results show the main issues that need to be considered in monitoring service reception quality which is not strongly related to the received channel power level but to the Modulation Error Rate (MER) parameter.

Development of Software Defined Radio Algorithm using Mimo OFDM for Short Range Communication

In the recent past, the software defined radio (SDR) using Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) is implemented to improve the data rate and channel estimation with high spectrum and maximum throughput for short range communication. The short range of communication is established to communicate the data between different nodes placed in the appropriate position using localization technique using SDR MIMO OFDM. The 256-M Array Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (256 M-Ary Quartrature Amplitude Modulation) is applied to SDR MIMO OFDM to reduce Modulation Error Rate (MER) for efficient transmission of data through SDR. The high data rate is achieved by applying the beam-forming equalization technique by applying beam-forming between transmitter and receiver of SDR. The Zero-forcing-beam-forming (ZFBF) equalizer is used in frequency domain to correlate transmitter and receiver to improve the spectrum efficiency better. The synchronization error is reduced in the transceiver of SDR by reducing Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) mismatch and Sampling Time Offset (STO). The simulation results have proved that the proposed algorithm have better performance in data rate improvement with elimination of CFO mismatch problem to improve the spectrum efficiency and higher range of channel estimation.

A Qualitative Study of Signal Strength Coverage of Digital Terrestrial Television in Ibadan South Western Nigeria

This work investigated the quality of signal strength coverage of the existing Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV) operator in Nigeria using Startimes Ibadan as a case study. Signal strength and altitude data at different locations within a 40km radius of the Startimes transmitting station were measured to determine the quality of signal strength reception of Startime's digital television in Ibadan metropolis. A signal analyzer, a 10-meter cable, Yaggi external antenna and Global Positioning System (GPS) were used for the measurements at various locations in Ibadan within 40km radius distance of Startimes based station at Agodi in Ibadan. The city was grouped into six different zones for proper signal testing and efficient data collation. Parameters such as signal strength, distance, altitude, signal to noise ratio, modulation error rate, pre-bit error rate and post-bit-error rate were measured and recorded. The effects of distance and altitude were analyzed. It was observed from the result that there is a direct relationship between power level and altitude. In addition, there is an inverse relationship between power level and distance.

Performance of the least squares filter for passive radar interference cancellation applications

For passive radar interference cancellation, least squares (LS) filter is a popularly used method, which projects the surveillance signal in a subspace orthogonal to interference subspace. Under the assumption of ideal reference signal reconstruction, LS filter is simple and effective to implement. However, there is a limited understanding of its performance in passive sensing environments with non-negligible multipath and noise in reference signal. This study examines such effects on the performance of interference cancellation by LS filter. Since transmitted signal is beyond access in passive radar, modulation error rate (MER) is introduced to characterise the direct-path signal noise ratio (SNR) of the reference signal. Closed-form expression for cancellation loss ratio (CLR) is derived, which quantifies to what extent the SNR and interference noise ratio of reference signal and surveillance signal should be achieved to guarantee an acceptable SNR loss of interested target after interference cancellation. Moreover, a modified-MER scheme is proposed to cope with the noise residual in the reconstructed reference signal so as to improve cancellation performance. Effectiveness is verified by both simulated and experimental collected passive radar data using digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting waveform. These results are useful in practical data processing for passive radar sensing.

On the efficiency of PAPR reduction schemes deployed for DRM systems

Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) is the universally, openly standardized digital broadcasting system for all frequencies including LW, MW, and SW as well as VHF bands. Alongside providing high audio quality to listeners, DRM satisfies technological requirements posed by broadcasters, manufacturers and regulatory authorities and thus bears a great potential for the future of global radio. One of the key issues here concerns green broadcasting. Facing the need for high-power transmitters to cover wide areas, there is room for improvement concerning the power efficiency of DRM-transmitters. A major drawback of DRM is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) due to the applied transmission technology based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), which results in non-linearities in the emitted signal, low power efficiency, and high costs of transmitters. To overcome this, numerous schemes have been investigated for reducing PAPR in OFDM systems. In this paper, we review and analyze various technologies to reduce PAPR providing that the technical feasibility and DRM-specific system architecture and edge conditions regarding the system performance in terms of modulation error rate, compliance with frequency mask, and synchronization efficiency are ensured. All evaluations are carried out with I/Q signals which are monitored in real operation to present the actual performance of proposed PAPR techniques. Subsequently, the capability of the best approach is evaluated via measurements on a DRM test platform, where achieved transmit power gain of 10 dB is shown. According to our evaluation results, PAPR reduction schemes based on active constellation extension followed by a filter prove to be promising towards practical realization of power-efficient transmitters.

Performance Analysis of Coded OFDM for Optical Wireless Communication System

Background/Objectives: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient multicarrier modulation technique suitable for optical communication due to high data rate, high spectrum efficiency. A serious problem of this system is the large dynamic range of the transmitted signal due to the nonlinear Power Amplifier (PA). To achieve high power efficiency, Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) value has to be reduced. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In OFDM system, error correction code is an essential for transmission of high data rate. Recently, Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) is commonly used as error correcting code. Findings: Here, we present LDPC coded OFDM system to analyze the performance metrics such as Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF), Bit Error Rate (BER), Error Vector Magnitude (EVM), Modulation Error Rate (MER) on AWGN channel with and without irregular LDPC codes. Simulation results show that the LDPC code on OFDM system to improve CCDF as well as BER performance than that of uncoded OFDM system. Simulation results also show that by modulating a signal at fixed subcarriers, the EVM decreases and MER increases as the function of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) increases. Application/Improvements: Hence, the advantage of LDPC, which makes it possible work in application with low BER, such as wire communication, deep space communication and disk storage industry, etc.

Interplex for Constant Envelope in LEO Satellite Communication System

In modern LEO satellite communication systems, numerous singnals have to be located in a same frequency band because of limited spectrum resources. Thus, a bandwidth-efficient modulation, which has constant envelope characteristics and can alleviate signal distortions when using saturated power amplifiers is necessary to combine several signals to share the frequency resource. This paper presents the analytic interplex modulation expression in LEO satellite spread spectrum communication systems, and obtains the relationship of modulation efficiency, error rate and power ratio. Lastly, the appropriate choice of power radio is obtained in the case of three signals or four signals multiplexing. The work of this paper is an important guideline for constant envelope combined methodologies in LEO satellite spread spectrum communication systems.

All-optical parallel data and address recovery scheme

In this paper, we have presented a parallel system model to recover data and address based on terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD)/semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-assisted Sagnac gate. The architecture is based on a system which has its input information containing data and address. Here, we first convert the original data into a coded form with the help of input address. Then the coded information is transmitted through the optical routing channel. At the receiver end, the model simultaneously extracts data and address at any point of the routing channel. The operations of the circuits are studied theoretically and analyzed through numerical simulations. The variation of contrast ratio, amplitude modulation, extinction ratio and bit error rate with control pulse energy and switching crosstalk with gain ratio has been thoroughly investigated.

ANTENNA CHARACTERIZATION AND DETERMINATION OF PATH LOSS EXPONENTS FOR 677 MHZ CHANNEL USING FIXED AND PORTABLE DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION

This paper presents propagation measurements results using Integrated Services Digital Broadcast-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) to investigate the characteristics of 6MHz wideband Digital Terrestrial Television channel at 677MHz for flxed and portable reception. Empirical measurements were done at predetermined measurement points consisting of 21 radials for a total of 92 locations extending to 20 kilometers around the National Broadcasting Network (NBN) digital transmitter. Characterizations were conducted using antenna heights of 9m (flxed reception), 3m (flxed reception), and 1.5m (portable reception). Modulation Error Rate (MER), power received, fleld strength and delay proflles were captured to help characterize the channel in an urban area in and around Metro Manila at day time for temperatures ranging from 26 - C to 32 - C. Measured fleld strength was compared to NTC F(50;90) curves. Polynomial flt using least square errors was used to plot the fleld strength coverage of NBN. For large-scale fading, it is observed that signal power conforms to Log Normal distribution. The study helped identify problem sites within the coverage. These are locations within the coverage area or at the outskirts of the coverage area where DTV signal is not received at all. A more accurate description of the DTT channel will lead to a better design of the parts of the Digital Television system from the network to transmitting system and receiving equipment. Path loss exponents computed for the three antenna heights can be helpful in developing empirical prediction models.

On the Coherence Time Control of a Continuous Mode Stirred Reverberating Chamber

In this communication, a new methodology on the control of the mode-stirred reverberating chamber (RC) coherence time is accomplished. This communication shows how it is possible to evaluate the RC coherence time values with the method of the normalized autocorrelation function (ACF). The coherence time values obtained from measured data via the ACF have been used in a channel simulator and then the computed constellation has been compared with measurements for a global system for mobile communication (GSM) signal. A visual inspection of the constellation as well as the comparison of measured and computed modulation error rate (MER) and bit error rate (BER) values have been done. The methodology is general and actually applicable to a large class of electromagnetic digital input signals, once that no error of modulation occurs and the channel does not cause distortion in the received signal.

DVB-H Systems: Quality-Based Active Handoff Assisted by UMTS Return Channels

Digital Video Broadcasting for Handheld terminals (DVB-H) is a new standard developed by DVB Project consortium to enable the delivery of broadcast transmissions to mobile terminals (such as, cellular telephone, PDA, pocket PC, etc.). Being the DVB-H network characterized by a cellular structure, a key issue to avoid the service interruption in these systems is the design of effective handoff procedures. This paper introduces a novel seamless handoff approach for DVB-H networks, which is designed to reduce the user terminal power consumption and to make the handoff algorithm be driven by the quality of the user received signal. This implies the adoption of a method based on the constant monitoring of the Modulation Error Rate (MER), instead of standard RSSI-based procedures. Additional advantages in terms of power saving derive from the use of an Active Handoff procedure that exploits the UMTS return channel as an interaction channel. The proposed scheme has been successfully tested and obtained results make us confident that this can be an interesting research direction to investigate in the view of effective DVB-H handoff protocol design.