Modes Of Institutionalization Research Articles

The Pedagogy of Images: Depicting Communism for Children ed. by Marina Balina and Serguei Oushakine

Reviewed by: The Pedagogy of Images: Depicting Communism for Children ed. by Marina Balina and Serguei Oushakine Vita Yakovlyeva The Pedagogy of Images: Depicting Communism for Children. Edited by Marina Balina and Serguei Oushakine. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2021. xx + 568 pp. Cloth $95.00, e-book $95.00. In The Pedagogy of Images, the editors present sixteen chapters, conceptually divided into three parts—"mediation," "technology," and "power"—each focusing on a unique aspect of the social performance of children's books. "Mediation" envisions the book as an "institutional framework" for the transition to the new publishing reality (51), "technology" looks at the children's book as a medium for Soviet modernity (207), and "power" contrasts institutionalized modes of power and its everyday "tangible implications" (387), such as experiences of time (chapter 12). The collection illustrates representations of Soviet doctrine to children on gender roles, aesthetics, and other relations that the state constructed with children through publications. Media, technology, and modernization of natural environments are explored, using humor and satire, as sites of children's engagement with early Soviet realities. All contributions are examples of scrupulous research of textual and visual representations, supplemented by a rich selection of high-quality illustrations, many of which are unique and not readily available to either researchers or students, so the volume is visually stunning and entertaining to engage with. All contributions come together in a carefully [End Page 166] crafted selection somewhat favoring the mastery of aesthetic representation—particularly the avant-garde of Soviet modernism of the 1920–40s—and its manifestation in children's publications. The anthology develops an in-depth inquiry into the visual language cultivated by the artistic representations of Soviet modernism, aiming to move "beyond reductionist approaches to studying ideological phenomena" (41). To tackle this goal, the majority of scholars in the anthology seek to convey the sincerity of innovation and quality of its depiction in early Soviet visual art, arguing in favor of its complexity and artistic value. Works of Kazimir Malevich, El Lissitzky, Alisa Poret, Sergei Eisenstein, Dziga Vertov, Vladimir Tatlin, and others are evoked among the examples and influences of an idiosyncratic visual language of Communist discourse cultivated through the era's publications for children, alongside other media such as cinema (chapter 2), photography (chapter 3), and even paper (chapter 5). Although children are present throughout the book—and come forward as actors in the circle of production of Soviet everyday life through their engagement with its materiality (through paper, for example, or do-it-yourself play)—the "pedagogy" that the book analyzes is somewhat relationally reduced. It is a literacy-centered, not a child-centered, pedagogy. It is not reciprocal; it is authoritative and not dialogical. At times, children dissolve into the whirlpools of mechanistic ornamentation within the vast sea of visualizations of Soviet modernistic discourse, of which the child was an instrument (chapter 7). The book makes a contribution to the history of arts and exploration of publications for children as the ground for artistic representation. As such it would be especially interesting to researchers of early Soviet doctrine and its artistic visualization. However, a researcher of childhood studies may find themselves a little disappointed, attempting to grasp the actuality of children's life in the epoch under consideration. The book does not reveal much about the conditions of their lives or their experiences of Communism, or even their positionality within the Soviet "pedagogy." The book does not expand to cover Communist representations of the entire fifteen Soviet republics, either, with a small exception in chapter 5, which includes some data from Ukraine, and chapter 10, which forefronts the colonial "unevenness" of the Soviet Central Asian modernization. The rest of the book is focused on centralized, Russian-language, largely Moscow-based publications—an understandable and yet unacknowledged reality of the Soviet infrastructure, both material and symbolic. [End Page 167] Vita Yakovlyeva University of Alberta Copyright © 2023 Johns Hopkins University Press

Against the hierarchy of knowledge: Georges Sorel, education and revolution

Abstract Georges Sorel’s ideas about education are key to making sense of his critique of the Third Republic. Cutting across the heated debates over classical as opposed to modern curricula, Sorel drew on a complex account of the nature of scientific knowledge to offer a sustained defense of education within the factory and on the picket line as a source of individual autonomy. Sorel’s refusal of the practices and modes of institutionalization of liberal education in his own time is a standing challenge for those who would defend liberal education today.

The Heresy of Didactic Art

The Heresy of Didactic Art

Law’s Pluralism: Getting to the Heart of the Rule of Law

This essay makes a theoretical argument for reimagining ‘the rule of law’ in light of ‘legal pluralism’. Building on the work of Desmond Manderson and Roderick Macdonald in particular, the essay considers what it means for law’s pluralism—the differences that animate the everyday life of law—to be the very pulse of its rule. In doing so, the essay seeks to open the frame that has been placed around the rule of law in two ways. On one side: to see beyond the law that is made intelligible through institutionalized modes of expression to the law that is made sensible through the richly expressive media of human culture (thus opening the frame around the ‘law’ that is seen to rule). And on the other side: to see beyond law as a mode of governance to law in the everyday lives of subjects (thus opening the frame around how this law is seen to ‘rule’). The result is a reimagination of the rule of law as a broadly socio-cultural phenomenon rather than a narrowly legal-institutional arrangement. The essay proceeds in two steps, beginning with law’s pluralism before turning to law’s rule.

Institutionalizing Inequality Anew: Grantmaking & Racialized Postsecondary Organizations

This paper combines theories of racialized organizations with neo-institutional insights on institutionalization to analyze the role of grantmakers in the maintenance or diminishment of racial inequality in postsecondary education. We combine longitudinal archival analysis with a Difference-in-Difference-in-Difference statistical design to trace processes of persistence and change and to estimate effects on resource distribution in a federal grantmaking agency—the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE). We demonstrate how FIPSE’s adoption of an equity-conscious frame/enactment bundle had causal consequences on which postsecondary organizations received grant dollars. And yet, instead of diminishing sources of persistence that reproduce racial inequalities, FIPSE, however unintentionally, created new and more deeply institutionalized modes of reproduction for the outsized delivery of resources to historically white-serving organizations. This study brings analytic clarity to how variation in an elite’s frames--and their enactments--can dramatically affect the distribution of educational resources, while leaving the larger terms of racialization intact.

Housing systems in the Global South: The relevance of the ‘social housing’ approach in meeting housing needs

This paper addresses the problem of accessing decent and affordable housing in the Global South, where the housing need is, in general, more problematic than in the Global North. The paper first identifies five distinctive characteristics of housing systems in the Global South as compared to those in the Global North. These include: (a) the diverse facets of global financialization; (b) the role of the developmentalist state; (c) the importance of informality; (d) the decisive role of the family; and (e) the rudimentary welfare systems. Given these features, the paper reflects on the concept and practices of social housing, particularly their appropriateness to deal with the housing problem in the Global South. The paper then addresses the question of whether the social housing approach is relevant for solving the contemporary housing needs in the Global South. It argues that social housing, redefined to better encompass the distinctive characteristics of housing systems in the Global South, is indeed a useful policy approach and can play a decisive role in satisfying unmet housing needs. Such an approach needs to take into account the great role of informality and family support systems and develop appropriate funding instruments and modes of institutionalization protecting housing rights and the quality of life.

Having banks ‘play along’ state-bank coordination and state-guaranteed credit programs during the COVID-19 crisis in France and Germany

ABSTRACT In times of crisis, governments have strong incentives to influence banks’ credit allocation because the survival of the economy depends on it. How do governments make banks ‘play along’? This paper focuses on the state-guaranteed credit programs (SGCPs) that have been implemented to help firms survive the COVID-19 crisis. Governments’ capacity to save the economy depends on banks’ capacity to grant credit to struggling firms (which they would not be naturally inclined to do in the context of a global pandemic). All governments thus face the same challenge: How do they make sure that state-guaranteed loans reach their desired target and on what terms? Based on a comparative analysis of the elaboration and implementation of SGCPs in France and Germany, this paper shows that historically-rooted institutionalized modes of coordination between state and bank actors have largely shaped the terms of the SGCPs in these two countries.

Resisting Erasure: Photographic Archives and Black History in Canada

This article considers the historiographical challenges brought on by dislocation and, in response, shows how longstanding Black communities in Canada have collected and preserved photographs in order to combat institutionalized modes of erasure. Specifically, it investigates the role that nineteenth century photographs play in articulating Canada as a Black transnational space—part of the discourses of the Black diaspora and Black Atlantic. The main site of this investigation is the Alvin D. McCurdy fonds at the Archives of Ontario, a collection of photographs of communities in Amherstburg, Ontario—a major terminus of the Underground Railroad. Building on recent scholarship this study investigates the discursive continuity between archive and historical narratives, and reconceptualizes the "archive" to include alternative sites and materials for the reconstruction of historically marginalized groups. These "counterarchives" can perform a recuperative role in mapping the development of communal memory and in reinterpreting dominant narratives. This article explores how photographic archives can provide crucial visual documentation of the geographies of slavery, segregation, and dispossession, spatializing acts of resistance within the Canadian landscape (McKittrick 2013).

Having “Banks Play Along” Varieties of State-Bank Coordination and State-Guaranteed Credit Programs During the Covid-19 Crisis

In times of crisis, governments have strong incentives to influence banks’ credit allocation because the survival of the economy depends on it. How do governments make banks “play along”? This paper focuses on the state-guaranteed credit programs (SGCPs) that have been implemented in Europe to help firms survive the COVID 19 crisis. Governments’ capacity to save the economy depends on banks’ capacity to grant credit to struggling firms (which they would not be inclined to do spontaneously in the context of a global pandemic). All governments thus face the same challenge: How do they make sure that state guaranteed loans reach their desired target and on what terms? Based on a comparative analysis of the elaboration and implementation of SGCPs in France and Germany, this paper shows that historically-rooted institutionalized modes of coordination between state and bank actors have largely shaped the terms of the SGCPs in these two countries.

Review: Capital Is Dead: Is This Something Worse?, by McKenzie Wark

Book Review| March 01 2020 Review: Capital Is Dead: Is This Something Worse?, by McKenzie Wark Capital Is Dead: Is This Something Worse?, by McKenzie Wark. Verso, 2019. 208 pp./$25.95 (hb). Madeleine Collier Madeleine Collier Madeleine Collier is a writer, researcher, and filmmaker based in New York City, currently pursuing an MA in film and media studies from Columbia University. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (2020) 47 (1): 89–92. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.2020.471016 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Madeleine Collier; Review: Capital Is Dead: Is This Something Worse?, by McKenzie Wark. Afterimage 1 March 2020; 47 (1): 89–92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.2020.471016 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAfterimage Search The commonsense pedagogical notion that questions are more important than answers is rarely borne out with the theoretical conciseness enacted by McKenzie Wark in her new volume, Capital Is Dead: Is This Something Worse? In seven short chapters, Wark extends the provocative suggestion that capital has lost its own devil's bargain with the information economy and today a more ruthless mode of production lurks in our midst. Capital Is Dead roots its critical engagement in a Debordian détournement not of Das Kapital itself but rather of the extracted ideals that have crystallized over the subsequent centuries into a Marxist mythology (35). The text is framed principally as a thought experiment, a project that pays fitting homage to Karl Marx's innovation of new forms of expression suited to contemporary conditions. For the span of her argument, Wark invites the reader to suspend institutionalized modes of engaging with capitalism, clearing the imaginative... You do not currently have access to this content.

Spatial Practices and the Institutionalization of Water Sanitation Services in Southern Metropolises: The case of Jakarta and its Kampung Kojan

AbstractThis article examines the spatial practices and forms of institutionalization in the water and water sanitation sector in Jakarta, capital of Indonesia, and especially in Kampung Kojan in the Kalideres subdistrict of Jakarta. To this end, it develops a three‐layered analytical framework viewing the city as a multi‐scalar socio‐ecological system in which different forms of human–water relations and their institutionalization are found. Particular attention is given to informality in this system and how it interacts with ‘regular’ state and corporate market sector practices. Within these interactive dynamics, informality is not only understood as a survival strategy but also as a creative practice connecting various social‐ecological opportunities, traditional and contemporary technologies and modes of institutionalization to each other. Ongoing institutionalization processes in the formal and informal economy, as well as between them, are analysed. Opportunities to integrate and regularize the diverse water sanitation services into community‐led closed water–wastewater cycles capable of ensuring public health and sustaining a bio‐hydrological balance at the local level are explored.

Law’s Pluralism: Getting to the Heart of the Rule of Law

This article makes a theoretical argument for reimagining “the rule of law” in light of “legal pluralism.” Building on the work of Desmond Manderson and Roderick Macdonald in particular, the article considers what it means for law’s pluralism – the differences that animate the everyday life of law – to be the very pulse of its rule. In doing so, the article seeks to open the frame that has been placed around the rule of law in two ways. On one side: to see beyond the law that is made intelligible through institutionalized modes of expression to the law that is made sensible through the richly expressive media of human culture (thus opening the frame around the “law” that is seen to rule). And on the other side: to see beyond law as a mode of governance to law in the everyday lives of subjects (thus opening the frame around how this law is seen to “rule”). The result is a reimagination of the rule of law as a broadly socio-cultural phenomenon rather than a narrowly legal-institutional arrangement. The article proceeds in two steps, beginning with law’s pluralism before turning to law’s rule.

Prácticas de éxito en el desarrollo de competencias transversales en centros de Formación Profesional del País Vasco

At present, competence-based approaches are gradually becoming the main axis of the European Union’s general education policies and of pedagogical practice at several educational levels. Nonetheless, it is important to analyse how the various general prescriptive directions that can easily be identified at the normative level are being put into practice in order to establish an in-depth understanding of them. This study presents the results of a research project with the aim of analysing and describing successful practices in the development of Cross-curricular Competences (CCC) in VET centres in the Basque Country. The methodology used is case studies in which a quantitative approach (a questionnaire for teachers) is used, followed by a qualitative approach comprising interviews and focus groups with management teams, students, and teachers. Analysis of the results reveals three typical cases relating to the forms and modes of institutionalization of CCCs: at the level of individual teachers where the development of CCCs is in the hands of teachers in an isolated and diffused way; at the cycle level where the teachers of a cycle as a group direct the process within a context of methodological change; and at the centre level where the development of CCC becomes an institutional feature involving all of the centre’s teachers. Each of these cases results in a particular understanding of the concept of CCCs as well as diverse ways of materializing them in teaching-learning processes. The results provide key information that enables critical reflection on the shift from individual experiences to more collaborative institutional and teaching models for developing CCCs in vocational training.

Making Rights Come Alive

New environmental rights were introduced in Argentina with the 1994 amendments to the 1853 national constitution. This constitutional recognition of environmental rights is a fundamental step in the advancement of environmental justice and citizenship, but it is not enough. When and how do environmental rights become effective? Under what circumstances are environmental rights effectively applied and enforced? We claim that participation is the key mechanism through which constitutionally enacted environmental rights become effective. More specifically, we argue that the embodiment of constitutional environmental rights in concrete policies and practices are propelled by the combination of contentious and institutionalized modes of participation. Based on evidence from two contrasting and salient cases—river sanitation in the Metropolitan Buenos Aires Region and open-pit mining in Andean Argentina—this article discusses how the combination of different modes of participation has been an effective channel for the enforcement and effectiveness of environmental rights.

Political Mass Strikes: Workers' Counter Mobilization to Capitalist Enforcement

Political mass strikes are a uniquely, class‐based collective action that transform workers' labor‐power into a source of political power outside of the formal, institutionalized modes of political participation. Using the Banks' Cross‐National Time‐Series Dataset, I examine the distribution of political mass strikes around the world between 1919 and 2014. I find that the use of political mass strikes has increased over time and is higher in peripheral and semi‐peripheral countries after 1975 than in core countries. This suggests that a country's position in the world‐system partially structures workers' political opportunities at the local level. After examining the five countries experiencing the most political mass strikes after 1975, I find that workers use political mass strikes as a counter‐mobilization against states that implement neo‐liberal economic reforms and function as enforcers of capitalist accumulation.

Modes of institutionalization in the Hare Krishna movement

The purpose of this article is to consider the extent to which individuals are institutionalized by a religious tradition. I will base my discussion on Whitehouse’s theory of ‘modes of religiosity’ and a brief description of three life histories of Western individuals who joined the Hare Krishna movement (ISKCON). I shall attempt to analyze how they use their knowledge of this tradition to readjust and reinterpret their religious beliefs and practices from the perspective of a local and global mode of institutionalization. I shall also briefly discuss these institutional dynamics which, at the same time, create equality and alterity so that individuals can possess a sense of both religious identity and belonging to a religious community.

Modes of institutionalization in the Hare Krishna movement

The purpose of this article is to consider the extent to which individuals are institutionalized by a religious tradition. I will base my discussion on Whitehouse’s theory of ‘modes of religiosity’ and a brief description of three life histories of Western individuals who joined the Hare Krishna movement (ISKCON). I shall attempt to analyze how they use their knowledge of this tradition to readjust and reinterpret their religious beliefs and practices from the perspective of a local and global mode of institutionalization. I shall also briefly discuss these institutional dynamics which, at the same time, create equality and alterity so that individuals can possess a sense of both religious identity and belonging to a religious community.

Top incomes under finance-driven capitalism, 1990–2010: power resources and regulatory orders

This article examines the impact of financialization on the income shares of the top 1% from 1990 to 2010, through a panel analysis of 14 OECD countries. Drawing together literatures stressing the dependence of income inequality on the structural bargaining power of capital relative to labour, and of the dependence of accumulation on underlying institutionalized modes of state regulation, it shows that financialization has significantly enhanced top income shares net of underlying controls. Whilst the income shares of the top 1% appear responsive to variables typical of wider studies of personal income inequality, we emphasize distinctive mechanisms of top income growth linked to the rising dominance of financial instruments and actors, facilitated by a historically specific regulatory order. These conditions were key to the emergence of a state of ‘asymmetric bargaining’ which disproportionately enhanced the fortunes of the wealthy. Results thus emphasize the importance of class-biased power resources and underlying regulatory structures, as determinants both of income concentration and of the distribution of economic rewards beyond growth capacity alone.

“A Curious Study”: The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man , Pedagogy, and the Post-Plantation Imagination

This essay analyzes James Weldon Johnson’s The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man (1912) as a text centrally concerned with modes of reading, writing, and education. Playing with structures of self-analysis and anthropological, literary, and ethnographic modes of knowing, Johnson delivers multiple ruminations on education as an experience of shame, mystery, and oppression, while investigating institutionalized modes of critical thinking and being that transmit modes of self-mastery and self-control directly tied to modes of white mastery and taste.

THE END OF THE BAʿTHIST SOCIAL CONTRACT IN BASHAR AL-ASAD'S SYRIA: READING SOCIOPOLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS THROUGH CHARITIES AND BROADER BENEVOLENT ACTIVISM

AbstractThis article reads Bashar al-Asad's rule through the prism of social activism and, in particular, through the field of charities. The sociopolitical transformations Syria experienced between 2000 and 2010—the shift in state–society relations, the opening of the civic arena, and economic liberalization—are explored through the activities of charitable associations, including their interactions with other Syrian actors, and we argue that they reflect the unraveling of the old social contract. The Syrian leadership outsourced important state welfare functions to charities while also creating nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) under its own control and supporting developmental NGOs loyal to the regime. These NGOs differed from the existing charities in terms of their social base, financial backgrounds, motivations, modes of institutionalization, and public relations strategies, and enabled the authoritarian regime to pursue a new strategy of divide-and-rule politics. At the same time, subcontracting poor-relief measures to charities eroded the regime's political legitimacy and helped sow the seeds of the 2011 uprising.