Exchange Mode Research Articles

The heat transfer characteristics of semi-molten wide sieving dilute phase particles between vertical heating surfaces

The high-temperature slag produced during the steelmaking process presents a significant opportunity for waste heat recovery and material utilization. Centrifugal granulation is acknowledged as an effective treatment method for managing this slag. However, the compact design of centrifugal granulation equipment poses a challenge in achieving the necessary cooling rates for high-temperature slag relying solely on gas-solid heat transfer within a confined space. This paper presents a physical model for the gas-solid two-phase interaction of an ultra-dilute high-temperature particle cluster and analyzes its heat exchange with vertical heating surfaces. The research indicates that radiative heat transfer is the primary mode of heat exchange between the particles and the heated surface, constituting more than 50 %. Moreover, heat is transferred from the particles through the air to the heated surface. Significantly, lowering the air inlet temperature and the particle velocity greatly improves the heat transfer performance and overall efficiency. Additionally, increasing the air flow rate can offset the decrease in contact thermal conductivity and radiative heat transfer that may occur due to increased spacing between the vertical tube bundle heating surfaces, thus promoting particle heat transfer. This study is crucial for guiding the improvement of heat transfer techniques for high-temperature molten particles in confined spaces.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study of Water Clusters of Hydrogen-Rich Water (HRW)

The present study investigated the 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) produced using the EVObooster device. The analyzed HRW has pH = 7.1 ± 0.11, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) of (−450 ± 11) mV, and a dissolved hydrogen concentration of 1.2 ppm. The control sample was tap water filtered by patented technology. A 600 NMR spectrometer was used to measure NMR spectra. Isotropic 1H nuclear magnetic shielding constants of the most stable clusters (H2O)n with n from 3 to 28 have been calculated by employing the gauge-including-atomic-orbital (GIAO) method at the MPW1PW91/6-311+G(2d,p) density function level of theory (DFT). The HRW chemical shift is downfield (higher chemical shifts) due to increased hydrogen bonding. More extensive formations were formed in HRW than in control filtered tap water. The exchange of protons between water molecules is rapid in HRW, and the 1H NMR spectra are in fast exchange mode. Therefore, we averaged the calculated chemical shifts of the investigated water clusters. As the size of the clusters increases, the number of hydrogen bonds increases, which leads to an increase in the chemical shift. The dependence is an exponential saturation that occurs at about N = 10. The modeled clusters in HRW are structurally stabilized, suggesting well-ordered hydrogen bonds. In the article, different processes are described for the transport of water molecules and clusters. These processes are with aquaporins, fusion pores, gap-junction channels, and WAT FOUR model. The exponential trend of saturation shows the dynamics of water molecules in clusters. In our research, the chemical shift of 4.257 ppm indicates stable water clusters of 4–5 water molecules. The pentagonal rings in dodecahedron cage H3O+(H2O)20 allow for an optimal arrangement of hydrogen bonds that minimizes the potential energy.

Ion Exchange Chromatography: A Versatile Technique for Comprehensive Characterization of Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides

Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEX) is an efficient and widely employed technique for the comprehensive characterization of therapeutic proteins and peptides. IEX separates biomolecules based on differences in their surface charge arising from amino acid composition and Post- Translational Modifications (PTMs). As a non-denaturing method, IEX is particularly valuable for resolving and quantifying charge variants like deamidation, oxidation, glycosylation, and terminal truncations in monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and other biotherapeutics. The review provides insights into the principles, advantages, applications, recent advances, and limitations of using IEX (cation and anion exchange modes) for detailed analysis of proteins and peptides.

Dynamics of indoor volatile organic compounds and seasonal ventilation strategies for residential buildings in Northeast China

This study utilized a questionnaire survey to collect data from 265 residents in Changchun, encompassing building characteristics, ventilation frequency and overall satisfaction with the indoor environment. Statistical analysis revealed significant disparities in ventilation frequency and satisfaction with indoor temperature. The survey results indicate that the primary mode of indoor air exchange amongst Changchun residents is window ventilation, accounting for 93%. Field tracking was conducted to measure indoor air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in residential buildings during winter and summer seasons. The study revealed a significant increase in the average indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio of the targeted 25 VOC concentrations in winter, rising from 10.8 to 17.7. The findings underscore indoor sources as predominant contributors to the measured VOCs. Temperature, humidity and room functions are the main factors affecting VOC concentration. Higher temperatures and increased relative humidity both contributed to elevated indoor VOC levels. This study recommended the opening of more windows during high temperature and high humidity in summer, to maintain good indoor air quality and effectively age the emission of VOCs from furniture. This study contributes to the enhancement of the database on indoor air quality and effective ventilation strategies in cold regions for safeguarding public health.

Investigation on the influence of electrospark deposited 718 alloy coating on the penetration performance of 93 W rod

A ballistic experiment on a semi-infinite RHA target impacted by two thicknesses clade 93 W rods (200 μm 718 alloy and 400 μm 718 alloy) with an impact velocity of 1500 ± 50 m/s is conducted to investigate the influence of 93 W surface deposited coating on penetration performance. Moreover, the findings are compared with those of an unclad 93 W rod. This study aims to provide a comprehensive microstructural overview of the penetration process, including the solid-state penetrator flow and the exchange interaction mode of rod and target (R.T.) materials, using optical metallography and electron microscopy. Results indicate that the coating area is composed of approximately equiaxed or short columnar cellular crystals. Furthermore, a metallurgical fusion layer is formed between the substrate and the coating, ensuring excellent bonding strength of the coating. No significant difference in the rheological mode is found between the interfaces of the 200 μm 718 alloy and 93 W R.T. materials, while the 400 μm 718 alloy forms a barrier mix zone at the interface between the R.T. This phenomenon alters the exchange mode of the target material and affects the interface flow mechanism. The barrier mix zone also acts as a solid-state lubricant at the interface, reducing the resistance to the rod's penetration. The average penetration depth of the 400 μm clad rod is 6.89 % higher than that of the 93 W rod. This finding reveals the clad material enhances the rod's performance and provides self-lubricating characteristics.

Polarization‐Induced Buildup and Switching Mechanisms for Soliton Molecules Composed of Noise‐Like‐Pulse Transition States

AbstractBuildup and switching mechanisms of solitons in complex nonlinear systems are fundamentally important dynamical regimes. Using a novel strongly nonlinear optical system, including saturable absorber metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐253@Au and a polarization controller (PC), the work reveals a new buildup scenario for “soliton molecules (SMs)”, which includes a long‐duration stage dominated by the emergence of transient noise‐like pulses (NLPs) modes to withstand strong disturbances arising from “turbulence” and extreme nonlinearity in the optical cavity. The switching between SMs and NLPs is controlled by the cavity polarization state. The switching involves the spectral collapse, following spectral oscillations with a variable period, and self‐organization of NLPs, following energy overshoot. This switching mechanism applies to various patterns with single, paired, and clustered pulses. In the multi‐pulses stage, XPM (cross‐phase‐modulation)‐induced interactions between solitons facilitate a specific mode of energy exchange between them, proportional to interaction duration, ensuring pulse stability during and after state transitions. Systematic simulations reveal the effects of the PC's rotation angle and intra‐cavity nonlinearity on the periodic phase transitions between the different soliton states and accurately reproduce the experimentally observed buildup and switching mechanisms. These findings can enhance the fundamental study and points to potential uses in designing information encoding systems.

Performance assessment of deep borehole heat exchanger heating system under different heating modes

Abstract With the transition towards renewable energy sources, particularly as we move away from fossil fuels, there has been a constant evolution of deep borehole heat exchanger (DBHE) coupled heat pump heating technology. On the basis of the heat-exchanging properties of circulating fluid in the DBHE heating system, this paper clarifies the setup forms of this system, and elucidates the influence of heat extraction performance. After analysis and research, it can be concluded that the direct supply mode shows a more prominent decline in water temperature compared to the coupled heat pump and coupled plate heat exchanger modes. The imported and exported water temperatures when heating ends were recorded as 9.98°C and 16°C, respectively. The imported and exported water temperatures for both the direct supply and the coupled plate heat exchanger modes tend to be similar at 19.6°C and 25.5°C at a temperature of 7°C. Heat pump not only enhances the heat exchange features of ground source heat pump (GSHP) heating system, but also defines the configuration of heat extraction performance of DBHE. The system power consumption in the coupled plate heat exchanger mode is lower than that in the heat pump mode which is conducive to stable operation. Therefore, the best design form of the DBHE Heating System is the heat pump coupled plate exchange mode.

Finite Element Method-Peridynamics Coupled Analysis of Slope Stability Affected by Rainfall Erosion

Rainfall is a pivotal factor resulting in the cause of slope instability. The traditional finite element method often fails to converge when dealing with the strongly nonlinear fluid–solid coupling problems, making it impossible to fully analyze the sliding process under the state of slope instability. Therefore, this paper uses the coupling of peridynamics (PD) and the finite element method (FEM) to propose a data exchange mode between the seepage field and the deformation field. The influencing factors of fine particle erosion during rainfall are further considered. According to the damage mechanism of the slope sliding process to the original structure of the soil, a modified erosion constitutive relationship is proposed, which takes into account the destructive effect of plastic deformation on coarse particles. Then, the influence of rainfall duration, rainfall intensity, erosion, and initial saturated permeability coefficient on slope stability was simulated and analyzed. This paper provides a novel concept for slope stability analysis and safety evaluation under rainfall conditions.

Structural basis of the obligatory exchange mode of human neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2

ASCT2 is an obligate exchanger of neutral amino acids, contributing to cellular amino acid homeostasis. ASCT2 belongs to the same family (SLC1) as Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs) that concentrate glutamate in the cytosol. The mechanism that makes ASCT2 an exchanger rather than a concentrator remains enigmatic. Here, we employ cryo-electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the structural basis of the exchange mechanism of ASCT2. We establish that ASCT2 binds three Na+ ions per transported substrate and visits a state that likely acts as checkpoint in preventing Na+ ion leakage, both features shared with EAATs. However, in contrast to EAATs, ASCT2 retains one Na+ ion even under Na+-depleted conditions. We demonstrate that ASCT2 cannot undergo the structural transition in TM7 that is essential for the concentrative transport cycle of EAATs. This structural rigidity and the high-affinity Na+ binding site effectively confine ASCT2 to an exchange mode.

Exploring the influence of aquatic phosphate on Fe floc dynamics in water treatment

The formation of flocs is crucial in the coagulation process of water treatment. However, the nature of ligand exchange on the surface of primary nanoparticles (PNPs) during floc formation requires further investigation to enhance our understanding of the coagulation mechanism. Phosphate (P) is a ubiquitous nutrient ion in aquatic surface water, in this study, the impact of P on floc growth under different pH conditions were investigated. The results revealed that floc growth patterns depended on both P dosage and pH. The mode of ligand exchange between P and in-situ formed ferric hydroxide within a pH range of 5 to 10 was further explored, and remarkable disparities in pH changes induced by P addition were observed. At lower pH levels, OH− release occurred relatively slowly, stabilizing with continued P addition. At neutral pH, OH− release was comparatively higher with P addition, while under alkaline conditions, both the quantity of OH− and its release rate decreased. It was deduced that Fe–OH21/2+ sites function as "active sites," while Fe–OH1/2− sites act as "inert sites" on the surface of PNPs formed during flocculation. These sites are crucial in the interconnections between flocs formed during coagulation and in floc growth. Analyses of Fe PNPs by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), with and without P addition, revealed that the introduction of P inhibits or interferes with the self-crystallization of Fe PNPs through chemical coordination reactions. The results offer deeper insights into the coagulation mechanism and the transformation of Fe flocs in raw waters containing P during water treatment practices.

Assessment of temperature distribution on inclined porous rod with a convective and insulated tip

The following work focuses on determining the temperature profile of porous rod using radiative and insulated tip conditions. In addition, graphs are generated to investigate the impact of several non-dimensional attributes on the distribution of temperature for various modes of energy exchange, such as boiling of nucleates and radiative energy exchange, including the convection-conduction parameter, permeability parameter, and radiation-conduction parameter. ND solve technique is applied to solve the generated nonlinear partial differential equation by using MATHEMATICA. The transient thermal response has been visually presented for various key parameters with ranges p=0,2, Nr=1,5,10, Nc=0.3,0.4,0.5, Pe=0.1,0.2,0.3, Q=0.1,0.2,0.3, Bi=1,2,3. The graphical outcome reveals that temperature distribution is a decreasing function of radiation parameter. Exposure time of the rod to the environment gets short for the enhancement in Peclet number. Initially temperature contours are linear, as time progresses the exponential behavior is developed.

데이터 자본주의의 알고리듬 통치성과 디스토피아 빌둥스로만(Dystopian Bildungsroman)

This paper analyzes Dave Eggers’ The Circle, a realist tech-fiction, to examine the realist representation of the hegemonic process of data capitalism, summarized as ‘transparency,’ ‘communitarianism,’ and ‘democracy,’ and the ways in which related human actions are organized, as well as the formal significance of his realist bildungsroman. Drawing on Antoinette Rouvroy’s concept of ‘algorithmic governmentality,’ the analysis focuses on the protagonist’s quest to exist as a supra-individual by constantly slipping into the infra-individual, immersing herself in the system’s mode of exchange. Although algorithmic governmentality is characterized and represented by ‘the loss of critical space’ and ‘the future preempting the present’, The Circle explores the protagonist’s perception of these as self-completion, the elimination of uncertainty, and the achievement of data civil society. Despite The Circle’s portrayal of Mae’s growth into a tech-utopian, this paper finds that Eggers strategically employs a (dis)aesthetic form characterized by hyperbolic satire, narrative simplicity, and flat characters to highlight the dystopian implications of Mae’s data subjectification. The blend of realistic representation and aesthetic deficiency encourages readers to maintain a critical distance from Mae’s successful transformation into a technological evangelist, framing the novel as a dystopian bildungsroman rather than a straightforward coming-of-age tale.

Paradoxical behavior toward innovation: Knowledge sharing, knowledge hiding, and career sustainability interactions

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated advance of digital technologies, resulting in unconventional innovation challenges for companies and novel, digital-based types of gig workers. Considering this phenomenon and its huge impact on employees' career development patterns and innovative work behavior (IWB), this research investigates how gig workers' perceived career sustainability affects their post-pandemic IWB. A critical feature of gig work is breaking traditional boundaries of working time and space, which often causes paradoxes disrupting traditional modes of knowledge exchange at work. Accordingly, this study is anchored theoretically in an exploration of how interacting mechanisms caused by two primary knowledge exchange behaviors, knowledge sharing and knowledge hiding, affect employee IWB from a paradoxical perspective of yin–yang harmonizing. Data from quantitative and qualitative studies were collected from China's cross-border e-commerce enterprises, which mainly target North American and European markets. The results indicate a nonlinear relationship between career sustainability and IWB. The interaction of knowledge sharing and knowledge hiding relates significantly to IWB, with the interaction moderating the U-shaped career sustainability–IWB relationship that was detected. Our study also carries valuable theoretical and practical implications that indicate that job flexibility and information and communications technology (ICT) can favor knowledge exchange, through knowledge sharing and knowledge hiding interaction, in proportion to the degree of career sustainability. The study also suggests a need to adopt organizational sharing strategies capable of spreading a work culture based on results, in which global companies can confront perplexing employment situations more effectively, thus promoting innovation.

Exploring Structural Insights of Aβ42 and α-Synuclein Monomers and Heterodimer: A Comparative Study Using Implicit and Explicit Solvent Simulations.

Protein misfolding, aggregation, and fibril formation play a central role in the development of severe neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The structural stability of mature fibrils in these diseases is of great importance, as organisms struggle to effectively eliminate amyloid plaques. To address this issue, it is crucial to investigate the early stages of fibril formation when monomers aggregate into small, toxic, and soluble oligomers. However, these structures are inherently disordered, making them challenging to study through experimental approaches. Recently, it has been shown experimentally that amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) and α-synuclein (α-Syn) can coassemble. This has motivated us to investigate the interaction between their monomers as a first step toward exploring the possibility of forming heterodimeric complexes. In particular, our study involves the utilization of various Amber and CHARMM force-fields, employing both implicit and explicit solvent models in replica exchange and conventional simulation modes. This comprehensive approach allowed us to assess the strengths and weaknesses of these solvent models and force fields in comparison to experimental and theoretical findings, ensuring the highest level of robustness. Our investigations revealed that Aβ42 and α-Syn monomers can indeed form stable heterodimers, and the resulting heterodimeric model exhibits stronger interactions compared to the Aβ42 dimer. The binding of α-Syn to Aβ42 reduces the propensity of Aβ42 to adopt fibril-prone conformations and induces significant changes in its conformational properties. Notably, in AMBER-FB15 and CHARMM36m force fields with the use of explicit solvent, the presence of Aβ42 significantly increases the β-content of α-Syn, consistent with the experiments showing that Aβ42 triggers α-Syn aggregation. Our analysis clearly shows that although the use of implicit solvent resulted in too large compactness of monomeric α-Syn, structural properties of monomeric Aβ42 and the heterodimer were preserved in explicit-solvent simulations. We anticipate that our study sheds light on the interaction between α-Syn and Aβ42 proteins, thus providing the atom-level model required to assess the initial stage of aggregation mechanisms related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Capitalism and the ‘commercial determinants of health’: A more-than-human micropolitics

This paper argues that studies of the ‘commercial determinants of health’ (CDoH) need to acknowledge fully the part the capitalist mode of commodity production and exchange plays in producing negative health outcomes. This proposition is supported by recourse to a recent development in political economy that has established a more-than-human, relational and monist (or ‘flat’) ontology of capitalism, in place of the more conventional neo-Marxist perspective. This ontology reveals a dynamic to capitalism that operates beyond human intentionality, driven by the supply of, and demand for the capacities of commodities. This dynamic determines the production and consumption of all commodities, some among which (such as tobacco, alcohol and processed foods) contribute to ill-health. A case study of food consumption reveals how these supply and demand affects drive ‘unhealthy’ food choices by consumers. Ways to undermine this more-than-human dynamic are offered as an innovative approach to addressing the effects of commerce and capitalism upon health.

Lossless Spin-Orbit Torque in Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulator MnBi_{2}Te_{4}.

We formulate and quantify the spin-orbit torque (SOT) in intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi_{2}Te_{4} of a few septuple-layer thick in charge-neutral condition, which exhibits pronounced layer-resolved characteristics and even-odd contrast. Contrary to traditional current-induced torques, our SOT is not accompanied by Ohm's currents, thus being devoid of Joule heating. We study the SOT-induced magnetic resonances, where in the tri-septuple-layer case we identify a peculiar exchange mode that is blind to microwaves but can be exclusively driven by the predicted SOT. As an inverse effect, the dynamical magnetic moments generate a pure adiabatic current, which occurs concomitantly with the SOT and gives rise to an overall reactance for the MnBi_{2}Te_{4}, enabling a lossless conversion of electric power into magnetic dynamics.

Challenges, Alternatives, and Paths to Sustainability for Health Information Exchange Efforts Using PROMETHEE Method

Electronic health information sharing and regional health information centres The practise of emergency medicine in the United States can have a significant impact. Regional Health Information Institutes are stakeholder networks that share local or regional information in a specific geographic area. Set up electronic data transfer. Safety of medical care and to improve efficiency across the country regional health information institutions are being created; Public health initiatives, biological surveillance and enhancing the reaction of catastrophe management; and identifying for research enormous databases of aggregate data. However, the economy Organizational issues and including geography to facilitate exchange With the Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO) model They identified challenges. Direct, institutional HIE and such as seller-mediated exchange versus alternative modes of exchange RHIOs vary. Due to political and economic reasons HIE is a difficult task. It is of many types Classified by optional activities; they are for alternatives in judgments The differences between Used to allocate. Under conventional criterion priority functions Using PROMETHEE Choice of health information exchange. This paper proposes that in the final option to check the effect of different optional functions Comparable results are presented. Seven economic and environmental criteria, Four health information and Five decision makers health information exchange problem Major Structures. with decision makers using a five-point Likert scale by personal communication Data was collected. Under the usual criterion function PROMETHEE's algorithm is implemented. The pharmaceutical industry and research, medical trials, healthcare fraud detection, neurological research, and electronic health records are alternatives. Evaluation Parameters are Transparent, Autonomy, Open Source, Anonymity and Decentralized. Health Information Exchange using PROMETHEE. Electronic Health Records, is got third rank, Clinical Research is got first rank, Medical Fraud Detection is got forth rank, Neuroscience Research is got fifth rank and Pharmaceutical Industry and Research is got second rank

Protocols of data collection networks based on IEEE 802.15.4 radio channels in complexes for the protection of underground metal structures from electrochemical corrosion

Radio communication systems in telemetry and telemechanics systems of active electrochemical protection of underground metal structures are considered. The requirements for radio exchange systems for data collection networks from remote control and measuring points of cathodic protection stations are formulated. The analysis of the applicability of known exchange protocols based on the specifications of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and its software add-ons for such networks is carried out and the need for the development of specialized network and channel layer protocols is justified. The results of the development of specialized network protocols of the application, network and channel levels that implement data exchange modes required for the collection networks under consideration while minimizing energy consumption are presented.

Between Spanish Franciscans and Chinese Literati in Late Ming and Early Qing: Modes of Interactions and Cultural Exchanges

The Franciscan Order was one of the most important missionary orders in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. While rooted in the local communities, they also engaged in various forms of interactions with Chinese literati. This article will begin by briefly discussing the issue of the Franciscans changing from religious habit into Chinese dress as well as their evolving attitude towards Confucianism and Chinese rituals, aiming to illustrate the process of shaping their “Western Confucian” image and their adaptation to Chinese culture. Subsequently, the focus of this paper will be shifted to exploring the modes of interactions between the Spanish Franciscans and the Chinese literati. The author argues that the interactions between the two sides were primarily power-based. These power-based interactions entailed establishing connections with officials and leveraging their influence to safeguard missionary activities. It can be further categorized into three types. The first type involved socializing with officials, while the second type included interaction with Jesuit officials in court, and the third type was direct involvement in official positions. In their engagement with literati, the Franciscans demonstrated a thorough understanding of and adaptation to Chinese societal and cultural norms, thereby facilitating the development of their mission.

Influence of the Resonant Interaction of Surface Magnetostatic Waves with Exchange Modes on the EMF Generation in YIG/Pt Structures

Influence of the Resonant Interaction of Surface Magnetostatic Waves with Exchange Modes on the EMF Generation in YIG/Pt Structures