Modern Ukraine Research Articles

The role of journalists of the State Border Guard Service in military journalism in Ukraine

Modern Ukrainian media and communicators pay great attention to military journalism. Today, this field is gaining popularity in Ukraine and the world, as more and more media representatives work in conditions that threaten their health and lives. The challenges of hybrid warfare make scientists more interested in military topics, as the war is waged on two fronts — military and informational. The article considers the stages of formation and development of Ukrainian military journalism, focusing on its current state. Attention is drawn to the state of scientific research of modern military journalism. The role of journalists in the uniform of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (SBGSU) is actualized. We emphasized the need to popularize the military journalists, their contribution to the development of Ukrainian journalism. The main directions of activity of the SBGSU journalists are analyzed and determined their place and role in modern military media. The functions and tasks of military journalism, the rights and obligations of combatant journalists while serving both in the war zone and in peaceful areas of the Ukrainian border are separately considered. The main tasks include covering the activities of the SBGSU and preparing materials for the media; information support for the internal work of the service; prompt response to events; work with regional and national media; countering disinformation; coordination with other state structures. The results can be used in the development of educational programs in military and civilian educational institutions, as well as in retraining courses for civilian correspondents who plan to work in the war zone.

EDUCATION AS A MAJOR CAPITAL AND THE MAIN BASIS FOR THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF THE COUNTRY

Based on the works of philosophers of the ancient world and scientists of our time, the article analyzes the need for the existence of two components of its development in any country, namely human capital and financial and political opportunities. Attention is paid to the fact that intellectual potential is a set of resources that include human intelligence and creative ability, with its characteristic educational and qualification indicators. It is proved that higher education graduates are the intellectual core that forms the market of qualified specialists capable of becoming the economic potential of the country. It is shown that the rational use of this potential, in combination with other scientific achievements of society, contributes to the achievement of a new quality of economic development, raising living standards and preserving the environment for future generations. That is, the level of awareness and education of each individual is the molecule that lays the foundation for consolidating the country's competitive influence in the international market. To implement the above, the need for more active use of public administration in the educational process at all levels is determined, the expediency of applying legislative regulation of the process of interaction between higher education institutions and business structures is investigated, both for the establishment of joint projects and processes of commercialization and reform of education in different countries, including in modern Ukraine, and for achieving positive changes in strategic planning and economic development.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE SPHERE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW AND POST-WAR RENEWAL OF UKRAINE

The effectiveness of the social protection system in modern Ukraine, the modernization of which in the conditions of war consists in digitalization ‒ the technological development of the provision of digital administrative and social services. The article aims to examine the factors of digitalization of the social protection system of the population under martial law and post-war renewal of Ukraine. Methods of research: theoretical analysis of literature in context of the subject and tasks of the research. It has been proven that the creation of an effective social protection system, the modernization of which in war conditions consists of digitalization ‒ the technological development of the provision of digital administrative and social services, is of particular relevance for Ukraine. It is noted that the current stage of social development is determined by the development of information and communication technologies and causes the reformatting of the traditional social state or welfare state into a digital form of operation, where a developed system of social protection as the main feature of the social state is also gradually acquiring a digital format. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: firstly, among the leading factors for optimizing social protection are: legislative improvement, digitalization of the social sphere, granting greater powers in the provision of social services to territorial communities; secondly, among the leading factors in the development of digitalization of social protection of the population in the post-war period, the following are highlighted: an increase in funding for the digitalization process associated with the costs of restoring infrastructure, the development and implementation of the latest ICT and increasing the digital accessibility of the population on the territory of Ukraine, the introduction of mechanisms and tools for project management in in the field of digitalization of social protection.

SOCIAL CONTROL OF STATE AUTHORITY BODIES OVER WOMEN OF COMMERCIAL SEX IN MYKOLAYOVSHICHINA IN IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

The article analyses the effectiveness of the experience of organizing social control over women of commercial sex in Mykolaiv region in the 19th century. An analysis of the historical basis of the phenomenon of commercial sex was carried out, the concept, essence and content of social control over women of commercial sex were determined, the activity of state authorities in the direction of social control over women of commercial sex in the Mykolaiv region in the 19th century was analysed, and the cause-and-effect relationships of social control over the phenomenon of commercial sex in modern Ukraine. The basis of the research methodology is the principle of historicism, which made it possible to consider the phenomenon of prostitution in accordance with historical stages and events, in their interconnection and interdependence. As part of the toolkit of the proposed article, a set of methods is used, namely: theoretical - content analysis, historical-systemic and historical-typological method, as well as systematization, generalization, detection of contradictions, comparison, descriptive method; empirical - interviewing method. The authors came to the conclusion that social control can be defined as a state mechanism, the purpose of which is to maintain social order, norms of individual behaviour in society. The peculiarities of formal and informal social control over women of commercial sex in the 19th century are determined. The analysis of the activities of state authorities over women of commercial sex in the Mykolaiv region in the 19th century made it possible to investigate formal social control, for its implementation, the authorities and local managers of the Mykolaiv region established rules and laws regarding brothels, their owners, and women of commercial sex directly. Cause-and-effect relationships with social control of commercial sex in modern Ukraine were established. The analysis of the state of commercial sex in Ukraine indicated the need for social prevention, as a method of social control, over persons from the risk group.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF STATE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL VALUES IN UKRAINE

The author of the article reveals the purpose of implementing the international experience of the system of state protection of national values through the prism of two important trends that should be implemented and and enshrined in the practice of state-building processes in modern Ukraine. One of them stipulates that national values are the central core of the national security system security system, they define the triad of ‘values-interests-goals’. The second trend defines the system of creating mechanisms for legislative support of guaranteeing and protecting of national values, which is embodied in the systemic nature of the state policy on national development and is the actual consolidation of the civilisational civilisational choice of the Ukrainian nation at the level of legal acts. The purpose of the article is to analyse practical aspects of implementation of the state mechanisms for protection of national values in foreign countries and their implementation in the Ukrainian State. The author emphasises that national values of of modern Ukraine should not be subject to political bargaining, speculation, etc. They are are always an element of political struggle. Without this, political processes are impossible, and therefore, national values should be defined and prohibited for political speculation on them, which, by the way, requires the development of an institution of for their criminal law protection; and - to have its own system of mechanisms of legislative protection. It is determined that the first step towards the implementation of the experience of foreign countries in protecting national values should be the introduction of an all-Ukrainian analytical study of the system of national values. It should should be based on long-term and medium-term forecasts of domestic development and the development of the system of world politics, its specific regional and functional subsystems. This means that the full potential of national research institutes in the field of public opinion, civil society, and sociological research should be used to society, and sociological research should be directed within the framework of a single state policy to study and define national values.

Estimating the parameters of trypillia proto-cities using plans and magnetic surveys with the help of neural networks.

The Tryplian culture was considered the largest of all other archaeological cultures that existed on the territory of modern Ukraine. The method for analyzing magnetic images has been described, which allows archaeologists to assess the scale of settlements without excavating them. It is noted that one of the tasks during the analysis of the settlement is to find out its characteristics: counting the number of buildings, calculating the area, etc. However, in the majority of cases, counting the number of structures is currently unfeasible, as Trypillian proto-cities are situated within the cultural layer relatively close to the surface, and any economic activities disturb this cultural layer. The capabilities of the existing system (application) are described, which solved the problem by the method of average values and had differences from the commonly accepted method. It was concluded that a more automated version of this system could be an option where the number of sites in the image will be calculated by the average number of pixels per site, that is, the number of black and gray pixels in the image, divided by the average number of pixels in the site. It was decided to use neural network models. As an example, the largest of the famous Trypil proto-cities in Ukraine - Talyanka with an area of 450 hectares - is considered. Pictures taken between 1971 and 1974 were used because they are in the public domain. A list of actions for image preprocessing is described. A decision was made to train the model to input square images of 15 by 15 pixels, for this the entire image was divided into 748 square images, the number of buildings in each of them was determined manually. A four-point work algorithm is formulated, and it is also presented in the form of a UML class diagram and an activity diagram. The algorithm for creating a training sample for the second neural network from four points is also formulated (for the case when the zone of squares with lost information will run along the entire length of the picture, as it happens in the photo of Talyanok), presented in the form of a UML activity diagram. The neural network will accept 10 values as input, and will output one - the number of sites in the square, information about which is lost. Tensorflow and keras frameworks were used to create all models. The most successful model has almost 2.5 million parameters, the model requires 9.36 MB of RAM. During the tests, it was found that increasing the number of convolution layers does not increase the result. For testing the first model, a picture of the settlement of Maidanetske was submitted, for training a picture of the settlement of Talyanka was used. For the training set, the recognition accuracy was 92%, for testing - 86.5%. The neural network, which implements the algorithm for predicting the number of buildings on lost plots, provides an accuracy of 58% for the Talyanka settlement and 42% for the Maidanetske settlement. This accuracy is much better than a random guess, the probability of which is just over 6%.

SELECTION OF OPTIMAL SOLAR PANEL ORIENTATION PARAMETERS

The article investigates the issue of optimising the installation parameters of solar panels to maximise their efficiency in the conditions of modern Ukraine, where the traditional energy infrastructure is severely damaged due to military operations. Particular attention is paid to parameters such as the angle of inclination and orientation of solar panels relative to the sun, which affect the overall performance of the system. The study was carried out on the basis of a solar power plant located on the roof of the educational building of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology in Dnipro. A detailed analysis of the plant's operation was carried out with the solar arrays oriented to the southwest (azimuth 222˚) and the results were compared with the calculations obtained using the PVWatts® calculator developed by the US National Energy Laboratory (NREL). The results of the study showed that the actual annual electricity generation was 3917 kWh, which is close to the predicted 3973 kWh obtained using PVWatts®. The analysis also demonstrated that changing the orientation of the solar panels from southwest to south (180˚ azimuth) could increase the annual electricity generation to 4227 kWh, which confirms the maximum efficiency of the southern orientation. The findings can be used to optimise existing and future solar power plant projects, ensuring more efficient use of resources and improving the overall efficiency of power systems. This knowledge will help to reduce dependence on fossil energy sources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ensure uninterrupted electricity supply for the population and critical facilities in the face of the destruction of traditional energy infrastructure.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE AS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCE IN THE HISTORICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONTEXT

In the scientific research the analysis of the economic activity of Ukrainians and their motivation for entrepreneurial activity in the historical and pedagogical contexts has been conducted. The authors have identified the factors influencing the formation of entrepreneurial initiative of modern Ukrainians, determined the reasons for their demotivation in engaging in entrepreneurship, highlighted the historical factor, which has a significant impact on the economic behavior, motivation, and self-motivation of Ukrainians. The article emphasizes the importance of incorporating an economic component into the training programs of future professional (vocational) education teachers, the necessity of developing their entrepreneurial competence, the need to enhance motivation and self-motivation for entrepreneurship.The study concludes that the entrepreneurial activity of the Ukrainians represents a continuous process of developing entrepreneurial competence. The authors propose considering the historical factor when designing national strategic programs, both during the current wartime period and in the post-war recovery phase for maintaining business activity within small and medium-sized enterprises. They substantiate the need to include an economic component and implement a motivation system in the training programs for future professional education teachers, who initially serve as recipients and later as providers of educational services. The necessity of integrating a motivation system and entrepreneurial practice into these programs has also been demonstrated for fostering the development of entrepreneurial competence, increasing motivation and self-motivation for entrepreneurship, enabling these future teachers to implement entrepreneurial competence in their subsequent work.

Comparative Analysis of the "H"-shaped Symbol from Göbekli Tepe and the Ritual "Binocular-shaped" Ceramics of the Trypillia Culture in Light of Ancient Farmers' Cosmological Beliefs

This article is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the sacred "H"-shaped symbolism, which originates from the ancient temple complex of hunter-gatherers and early farmers of the Near East – Göbekli Tepe. The research identifies and analyzes a similar symbol found in the religious complex of ancient farmers in the territory of modern Ukraine, specifically in the Trypillia culture and its ceramic artifacts known as "Trypillia binoculars." A comparative analysis of these symbols is conducted within the context of the cosmological beliefs of early farming societies in Asia and Europe. Special attention is given to interpreting this symbolism as a reflection of complex religious and philosophical concepts related to the cyclicality of nature, the movement of celestial bodies, and the unity of heaven and earth. The research examines the architectural features of Göbekli Tepe, particularly the arrangement of the T-shaped columns, and their potential astronomical purpose. The author hypothesizes a connection between the physical structure of the temple complex, its T-shaped columns, and the formation of abstract "H"-type symbols. Parallels are drawn between the symbolism of Göbekli Tepe and the ritual artifacts of the Trypillia culture, allowing the hypothesis of shared cosmological concepts between various early farming cultures, despite significant geographical and temporal distances. This article offers a new perspective on the development of religious thought in ancient societies, highlighting the depth and complexity of their spiritual ideas. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the cultural connections and exchange of ideas between ancient civilizations of the Near East and Europe.

Совесть и историческая память в контексте российской культуры

Introduction. The work is aimed at revealing the dialectical relationship between the sense of conscience and historical memory, the conditionality of both by the dominant ideals of culture. Theoretical analysis. Using a psychoanalytic approach and the method of critical philosophical reflection, the author focuses on the conditionality of the cognition of history, and at the same time historical memory, by the restrictive framework of conscience, set by the specific orientation of an individual to the ideals of culture. Empirical analysis. The consequences of the predominant emphasis in the media and educational environment on the negative aspects of the Soviet stage of history, which was one of the main reasons for the moral and spiritual disorientation of the inhabitants of the post-Soviet space, are analyzed. This disorientation, right up to moral degradation to Nazi ideals, with the corresponding framework of shame and conscience, manifested itself most clearly in modern Ukraine. Conclusion. The selectivity of this knowledge of history, and, consequently, this memory of the past, depends on the characteristics of the manifestations of a sense of conscience, coupled with the requirements of moral ideals that guide a person in his actions and thoughts. For the successful development of Russia, it is necessary to enrich the historical memory with positive, significant events of the past, building a line of continuity of ideals that orient towards social justice, past and present.

State support for veteran entrepreneurship

Problem setting. In modern conditions, state support for veteran entrepreneurship plays a key role in the socioeconomic development of Ukraine. At the current stage, the veteran policy of Ukraine is being actively modernized and updated in accordance with the actual problems and challenges that arise during the implementation of state policy mechanisms regarding veteran entrepreneurship, however, the reformation requires attention to possible risks that may hinder the successful implementation of the policy. Involvement of war veterans in business activities is considered by the state and society as one of the most important mechanisms of reintegration of veterans, which corresponds to the state interests of Ukraine and the wishes of veterans according to sociological surveys. Purpose of research is to study the current state of legal regulation in Ukraine in the field of reintegration of veterans, in particular, the possibility of their professional adaptation and employment in entrepreneurial activities. Article’s main body. It has been established that promising directions for attracting veterans to entrepreneurship are: providing financial support to veteran business projects and benefits to veteran businesses in the field of public procurement along with related services (consultations, training, etc.), simplifying complex administrative procedures for veterans when receiving such benefits, ensuring equal access to state support programs for veterans.Evaluation of current initiatives and recommendations for their improvement can become the basis for further steps in the development of veteran entrepreneurship in Ukraine. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Modern Ukrainian legislation has ways to develop in the field of veterans’ rights protection, and the state policy of Ukraine is being modernized and updated in accordance with the current problems and challenges that arise during the implementation of state policy mechanisms for veteran entrepreneurship. However, on the way to reforming, those implementing it should pay attention to countermeasures that would make it impossible to reduce existing risks. In addition, laws could be passed to ensure that veterans receive preference in public contracting processes. This will not only support veterans in their transition to civilian life, but also emphasize their valuable skills and experience.

Separation of powers theory: problems and perspectives

The article is devoted to the problems and perspectives of the theory of separation of powers. The general aspects of the theory of separation of powers are outlined. The authors say that the multiplicity of types of power and types of social norms and factors, that ensure them, shows that separation is inherent to the phenomenon of power. It was noted that the issue of separation of powers has an important theoretical and practical significance and is closely related to the classification of political regimes into totalitarian, authoritarian, democratic and liberal. It was emphasized that, contrary to the established stereotype, the separation of powers, in certain forms, existed long before the epoch of Ch.L. de Montesquieu. It is noted that the ideas of separation of powers long before J. Locke and Ch.L. de Montesquieu was also expressed by Aristotle and Marsilius of Padua. It was substantiated that, in fact, the separation of powers has existed in some forms since the very beginnings of statehood. So, the theory of the separation of powers does not arise, but is only actualized in the XVII-XVIII centuries in connection with the struggle of the bourgeoisie against absolutism and feudal-clerical orders. It was noted that existence of the separation of powers for a long time before the period of the bourgeois society says that the separation of powers, as such, does not protect society from slavery and serfdom, arbitrariness and tyranny, inquisition and oppression, but, on the contrary, can increase the number of tyrants, independent of each other. The authors say that the separation of powers into the legislative, executive and judicial branches does not protect society from tyranny and usurpation of power by one party, while the incompleteness of the separation of powers (in particular, in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal family) does not turn the state into a tyranny. The authors pay attention to the critical view on the separation of powers in the works of J. Bodin, T. Hobbes, G.F. Szerszeniewicz, who say that the real separation of powers is dangerous to the unity of the state. It was emphasized that the theory of separation of powers contradicts the basic characteristics of the state sovereignty, defined by J. Bodin, because if the power is limited and separated into several branches, then it cannot be unified, supreme, absolute and permanent. The historical experience of different riots, rebellions and civil wars, that confirms the validity of the mentioned concerns, was provided. It was noted that the separation of powers in the state can have only a functional nature. It was noted that excessive separation of powers can paralyze state management or significantly complicate the system of state authorities and intensify the struggle between them, which will contribute to the establishment of a dictatorship. The authors support the position of G.F. Szerszeniewicz that the «legal self-limitation of the state» is a fiction and indicate that, theoretically, the limitation of the state by law is most likely in the states of the Anglo-Saxon, religious or traditional legal family, where the legislation, created by the state, is not the main source of law. Following B. Constant, it was stated that, in fact, the number of branches of power in the state is much greater than 3, and it was noted that, in particular, in modern Ukraine, we can talk about 9 branches of government, which creates the need to rethink the classical postulates of the theory of the separation of powers and the mechanism of checks and balances, as well as the necessity of expansion and addition of the typology of political regimes, etc.

Police and civil society partnership: Peculiarities of implementation in modern conditions

The purpose of the article is to find out the peculiarities of the implementation of partnership relations between the police and civil society in modern conditions, based on the analysis of current Ukrainian and foreign legislation, as well as scientific literature. Partnership as a type of social interaction is characterized by the authors of the article. The essence of the term “partnership” in modern foreign science is analyzed. The main features of the partnership model of interaction of subjects are characterized, with an emphasis on the partnership between the police and civil society institutions. The main components of the mechanism of partnership interaction between the institutions of the State and civil society institutions in the field of law enforcement are considered. The experience of different countries related to the partnership of law enforcement agencies and civil society institutions is described, with the aim of promoting the formation of effective forms of partnership between the police and civil society institutions in modern Ukraine. The importance of building in Ukraine an effective partnership model of cooperation between the police and civil society institutions in modern Ukraine is emphasized. The importance of public participation in the implementation of state functions in the field of security in modern conditions is proved. The importance of trust for effective partnership is emphasized.

Defence of intellectual property: history of development and prospects for improvement in modern Ukraine

Defence of intellectual property: history of development and prospects for improvement in modern Ukraine

Pecularities of a lawyer’s remuneration for professional activity in Ukraine and Germany

According to the fact Ukraine sees the process of European integration as one of the main directions of its further development, which is confirmed by the resolution of the European Parliament, according to which Ukraine was granted the status of a candidate country for joining the European Union, the study of the experience of the leading countries of the European Union (hereinafter – the EU) should become a certain basis in the process of reforming the judiciary, the Institute of Advocacy is a part of which. Modern Ukrainian legislation in the context of remuneration for a lawyer’s professional activity has significant shortcomings and contradictions, and with regard to the so-called «success fee», the judicial practice is ambiguous and has already changed several times in previous years. At the same time, the institution of a lawyer’s remuneration for his professional activity needs changes and clarifications also in connection with the fact that the main categorical apparatus, which is used in the regulation of issues of this institute, is not coordinated with its European counterparts, and therefore leads to the emergence of legislative collisions in the future during a closer relationship between Ukraine and the EU countries after Ukraine becomes a member of the EU countries. A study of the historical analysis of the emergence and development of the institution of remuneration of a lawyer for his professional activity, as well as methods of calculating the amount and payment of a lawyer’s fee, forms and methods, which contributes to a comprehensive study of this institution. At the same time, on the basis of a comparative analysis between the studied institute in Ukraine and Germany, it is advisable to develop ways of improving Ukrainian legislation in this field. Special attention is paid to the so-called «success fee» of a lawyer for his professional activity, the issues of application of this type of lawyer’s fee both in Ukraine and in Germany are investigated. On the basis of the analysis, those issues that require further regulation at the legislative level in Ukraine and the identification of types of «success fee» have been identified on the example of how this issue is resolved in the EU countries, taking into account the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The article is based on general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, namely: the dialectical method, the method of synthesis and analysis, the comparative legal method, as well as historical and terminological approaches.

Концепція організації комплексного управління громадськими формуваннями у сфері освіти і науки в україні

In the post-war period, the revitalization of the national economy in general, as well as in sectoral and regional terms, becomes a priority. The efforts of state authorities, local self-government bodies, politicians, and the scientific and educational public should be involved in this process. For this purpose, the author’s team classified the most important areas of public activity in education, science, and management of these associations, including public academic formations, scientific schools operating at higher educational institutions of Ukraine, trade unions, educational and scientific associations, etc. The development trends of these public associations at the current stage have been determined. The article examines the role and place of educational and scientific public associations in the system of state administration in retrospect and in perspective in the post-war period. Their functional characteristics are given. Based on the generalization of the experience of their functioning, the analysis of scientific interpretations in this field, the expediency of the organization of management of these educational and scientific structures is substantiated, the author’s definition of complex management of the means of the united coordinating body (Association, Assembly, Council, etc.) is formulated. The concept of organizing complex management of public formations in the field of education and science in Ukraine in the post-war period is proposed. A well-founded scheme and organizational mechanism for reviving the scientific and educational industry are proposed. The proposed approach makes it possible to assess the system’s economic efficiency by applying unique economic-mathematical and expert research methods. Undoubtedly, integrating these approaches and tools can lead to positive results. The study of the peculiarities of the implementation of civil initiatives in modern Ukraine shows the growth in the number of such initiatives, which is a sign of the strengthening of the organizational capital of civil society both in modern and post-war Ukraine. Keywords: concept, education, science, integrated management, scientific school, public academic formations, public scientific association, university, society, public initiative, legislative initiative, state structure.

An Attempt to Understand the Ukrainian Space of the Early Modern Era. Book Review: Brekhunenko V., Boiko P., Zaiats A. Spatial Boundaries of the Ukrainian World: A Complex of Ideas and Their Implementation in Early Modern Ukraine (XVI-XVIII Centuries). Lviv; Kyiv, 2023. 480 p.

An Attempt to Understand the Ukrainian Space of the Early Modern Era. Book Review: Brekhunenko V., Boiko P., Zaiats A. Spatial Boundaries of the Ukrainian World: A Complex of Ideas and Their Implementation in Early Modern Ukraine (XVI-XVIII Centuries). Lviv; Kyiv, 2023. 480 p.

Information and analytical provision of the police in the conditions of the legal regime of martial state: possibilities and need for coordinated actions of the police when receiving information on the temporary occupied

After the full-scale military invasion of the occupying country, the national security of Ukraine required drastic and urgent actions both on the battlefield and to ensure security within the state. The search for alternative and more effective ways of obtaining and transmitting information in the defense and security sector is an important issue for achieving peace in our country. The current state of repelling military aggression prompts Ukrainian society to format information and analytical support on new tracks and rapid training of personnel. The discovery of collaborators and aids of the aggressor country in the temporarily occupied territories among modern Ukrainians became a new resistance in the modern war. This phenomenon does not create a positive dynamic in expelling the occupier from Ukrainian land, which is due to betrayal, assistance and the need to fight against such elements. Modern war emphasizes the need to neutralize the enemy not only on the battlefield, but also in the middle of our country. In this aspect, receiving and transmitting information in the defense and security sector will make a significant contribution to achieving a positive result. The development of events without the appropriate armament conditions decision-making and their implementation in a way that does not correspond to traditional military tactics. Skillful processing of the received information can lead to a change in the situation on the battlefield in the shortest possible time. The use of traditional guerrilla warfare in modern conditions must be adapted to military practices and the latest technologies. However, this aspect is due to the lack of opportunities and the necessary support for the implementation of the assigned operational and service-combat tasks. In such conditions, the acquisition of skills in relevant fields before the onset of critical and/ or emergency situations becomes an important issue. After all, professional orientation involves understanding and internal perception of the goals and tasks of professional activity. The changes taking place in the content of professional orientation are reflected in the fact that they strengthen the motives related to professional activity, call for a desire to conscientiously perform one’s official duties, the desire to show oneself as a qualified specialist and achieve success not only at work, but also on the battlefield with the enemy.

THE IMAGE OF JAZZ IN UKRAINIAN POPULAR MUSIC AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SUBCULTURES IN IT

The image of jazz in Ukrainian pop music is reproduced, the subcultures that dominate its modern manifestations are shown: African music, Irish-European melodies and rhythms, the interaction between pop music and folklore, a diametrically symmetrical structure, the appropriate composition of variable phrases (voice-instrument), various combinations of timbre acoustic electronics, a fusion of Ukrainian folklore and rock music. But, first of all, it is a harmonious combination of Afro-European traditions with Ukrainian folklore, its best examples. The article also talks about the leading masters of Ukrainian jazz who managed to do this - Leonid Goldshtein and Igor Zhuromskyi, for whom the processing of folklore materials - household and African) with a predominance of appeals to the traditional folkloric Ukrainian musical stratum is characteristic. The aim. To reveal the image of jazz in Ukrainian pop music and its significance in the subculture. The tasks of the research are the analysis of the constituent subcultures in the modern representation of the art of Ukraine and their significance for the world artistic treasury. Research methodology. The methodology of the author’s research is based on the paradigmatic method, which allows determining the priority of artistic paradigms, the ratio of traditionally established and non-traditional vision of Ukrainian jazz culture. Reconstruction was also used - to reproduce the main milestones of the development of art of the 20th century within the scope of the research. Also, the methodology is based on a transdisciplinary approach, thanks to which we can study jazz not only in an art-historical aspect, but as a structure of European life of the given period. Research results: The results are as follows - it is 1) a feature of rock music style, such as heavy metal, punk rock, rock and roll, instrumental composition, the use of distinctive fans and unique sounding productions and vocals Intonation technology. 2) Saxophone melodies are built according to the Hutsul system with a characteristic degree of saxophone. 3) Official use of colomous rhythm in the voice. 4) Application of antique blues harmonic sequence. 5) Use of bluesy principles of questions and answers when alternating statements and instrumental episodes. 6) For vocal improvisation. Conclusion.So, we analyzed the interaction of Ukrainian modern pop and real folklore and jazz. Jazz, rock and pop styles were found, which are ideal for interpenetration with various Ukrainian subcultures, jazz-rock, free jazz, alternative music, rock and roll, blues-rock, trip-hop, pop ballad, disco music . The characteristics of the processing of folklore materials (domestic and African) are, first of all, an appeal to the traditional folklore layer, the method of performance (expressed by a real saxophone), the use of folk instruments or their tones. Depending on the genre that created jazz, rock and pop groups, the composition can be divided into folk songs and original compositions based on folklore. Popular music quotes folk and jazz material from pop music.

The Political and Mental Aspects of Ukraine Integration with Europe

This research paper examines Ukraine’s path towards European integration. From the 10th to the 12th centuries, Ukraine – then known as Kyivan Rus’ – was a strong independent state, but due to internal conflicts and conquests, it became weakened and fell under the influence of other state entities. From the 17th century onwards, as a result of the Pereyaslav agreements (1654 and 1659) between the Cossacks and Moscow, Ukraine found itself increasingly under the sway of Russia, a situation that persisted until the collapse of the “prison of the peoples”, the Soviet Union. Despite Russian propaganda portraying Ukraine as an integral part of Russia for a long time due to shared history and culture, in reality, modern Ukraine and Russia are two different countries with distinct political systems, development trajectories, identities, mentalities, fundamental values, and traditions. Ukrainian society, though subjected to Sovietization during communist times and later targeted by political and propaganda actions from the Russian Federation, stands fundamentally opposed to the authoritarian Russian society and closer to the democratic European community. For centuries, Russian authorities sought to colonize and exploit Ukraine for their own interests, attempting to erase Ukrainian identity, language, traditions, and rewriting Ukrainian history, yet they failed to fully assimilate the Ukrainian people despite numerous manipulations and crimes against them. The European, Western development trajectory of Ukraine and its desire to break away from Russia’s sphere of influence is one of the main reasons for the current full-scale war. The greatest similarities between Ukraine and European states at the level of mentality include Ukrainian love for freedom, individualism, and desire for democracy, in contrast to Russian despotism and authoritarianism. These distinct features of the Ukrainian mentality have historically preserved and revived the Ukrainian nation, aiding in its further development and providing hope for its future not only geographically and economically but also mentally and spiritually.