Modern Situation Research Articles

Balneology in Georgia: traditions and modern situation

Balneology in Georgia: traditions and modern situation

Productive methodological principles of activity, thinking and communicationas a result of practical philosophy

The relevance of the proposed article is determined by the search in modern educational formats for the place and purpose of philosophy as a historically proven way of forming a culture of thinking. The methodological principles of this intellectual activity can be applied in politics, economics, educational systems, scientific and applied disciplines, as well as in the activities of many other social institutions. In addition, the article high-lights important aspects of personal development in the field of ethics, and it follows that philosophy should give a person not only pragmatic advice, but also bring high moral standards into his life. Since modern so-ciety is increasingly focused on the applied nature of the knowledge it receives, philosophy, which is the most theoretically developed form of knowledge, is looking for new ways to further develop and implement into everyday practice the ways of rational organization of human life and society. In the modern situation, when most people get acquainted with philosophy within the framework of a certain educational program as knowledge already ready and fixed in specific texts, often experiencing difficulties in mastering it, it is im-portant, from our point of view, to pay attention to the connection of philosophical teachings with the real needs of man and society. This is also what many modern authors say, one way or another connected with the process of studying and teaching philosophy. The authors' proposed version of understanding the practical applicability of philosophy as a methodology for achieving productive results of activity, thinking and com-munication can be considered as a response to the request of a modern person regarding the effectiveness of independent intellectual efforts in achieving personal and social well-being.

Late Holocene record of subantarctic glacier variability in Table Fjord, Cook Ice Cap, Kerguelen Islands

The subantarctic islands between 40 and 60°S are circum-polar landmasses influenced by the southern westerly wind (SWW) belt whose latitudinal shifts are driven by the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) over decadal timescales. In the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, the Kerguelen Islands (49°S) form a volcanic archipelago that is home to the Cook Ice Cap (CIC). Atmospheric drying favored by a poleward migration of the SWW induced a dramatic shrinkage of the CIC over the past 50 years. Current knowledge of how this decline compares with the natural variability of the CIC is unclear and based exclusively on geomorphological records with limited temporal resolution. This paper introduces a 4 kyr marine record built from a transect of giant piston cores collected in Table Fjord, southwestern margin of the CIC. Interpretation of sedimentary and geochemical proxies is supported by statistical correlations with the CIC surface mass balance on the instrumental timescale, and by the age overlapping with dated landforms and deposits over the last two millennia. High-resolution geochronological data (137Cs and 210Pb inventories along with 63 AMS 14C dates) corrected from a local marine reservoir age allowed reconstructing glacier variability at a multidecadal resolution. The CIC was paced by periods of glacial advances at 3.4–2.8, 2.3–1.7, and 1.35–1.15 ka cal BP, followed by a two-stage ‘Little Ice Age’ maximum between 0.7 ka cal BP and the early 20th century. Comparison with paleoenvironmental records from the subantarctic fringe zone and the southern mid-latitudes suggests SWW-driven precipitation (wetter and windier conditions) were the main driver of centennial-scale glacier variability in the Kerguelen Islands, notably after 2.3 ka cal BP. The Kerguelen record thereby supports a zonally-synchronous, hemispheric-wide SWW pattern pacing Southern Ocean climatic variability in a SAM-like mode. The Little Ice Age maximum ice extent results from the coincidence of cold conditions caused by an equatorward shift of the Polar Front, an oceanic front bordering the Kerguelen archipelago resulting in lower sea surface temperatures, together with wetter conditions favored by strengthened SWW.

Специфика добровольческой деятельности в условиях современной России

The article presents the features of the formation of modern Russian volunteer activity, which in the last decade has become a large-scale systemic social phenomenon in the history of our country. The active life position of Russians is realized in the desire to be useful to society through real participation in specific projects of the vol-unteer movement. The approaches, reasons and potential for the development and functioning of volunteer movements are considered. It is noted that in the formation of volunteering as a social system there is, on the one hand, reliance on traditional experience, on the other hand – the desire to use the potential of modern technology and management functioning. The demand for the volunteer movement is beyond doubt, however, in the modern situation, its organization and functionality require the participation of government agencies in order to structure, finance and provide a legal basis for many activities carried out by volunteers. Various areas in which there is a greater need for volunteer support are being considered, ranging from helping the elderly to providing all kinds of support in situations of natural disasters, such as fires or floods. Modern Russian volun-teering is based on mutual assistance, spirituality and a sense of collectivism that has been inherent in our people since ancient times.

Prospects for innovative development of the Russian oil and gas complex in the context of modern challenges

The purpose of the article is to study the opportunities of innovative development of the Russian oil and gas complex amid current challenges. The subject of the article is modern features of functioning of the Russian oil and gas sector. As a methodology, it is necessary to high-light the analysis of Internet resources and articles relevant to the research topic, statistical data, their synthesis and generalisation. Among the main results of the work we will indicate structuring sanctions in terms of the direction of impact on innovation activities, identifying opportunities and prospects for innovative development of companies in the oil and gas sector in the current conditions. The results obtained can be applied as part of assessing the prospects with consideration to the modern situation and in the educational process. The directions for further research on a given topic include studying the operating features of companies of various sizes during their activities as well as identifying the most effective technological designs that can be used in the industry, including domestic ones. We have made the following main conclusions. Firstly, the impact of the sanctions is aimed largely at the technological development of oil and gas companies. Secondly, the prohibitive measures have stimulated the use and implementation of domestic innovations. Thirdly, the application of new decisions makes it possible to optimise the processes of the technological development, including those that until recently were determined to be unprofitable. Fourthly, innovations help to increase the number of organisations in the oil and gas sector by involving small-sized companies whose activities cover a minor segment that is not attractive to large corporations.

Folklore Writing by South African Diasporic Writers—Taking Zakes Mda’s Novels as an Example

As a diasporic writer, while suffering from “island consciousness” that resulted from the conflicts of heterogeneous cultures, Zakes Mda had the opportunity to re-examine his home country as both an insider and an outsider. By deeply rooting his writing in the African continent and focusing on African folklore, Mda opens up space for another discourse to express his ideals and conscience as a diasporic intellectual, and he conveys the voice of Africa to the world. Through folklore writing, Mda not only expresses his identification with national culture, but also explores the charm and value of global indigenous culture in a modern situation within the framework of global culture and expresses his concern for human existence in a broad vision.

The hasukjip: situation in 2020s. in the Republic of Korea and abroad

Abstract. The hasukjip (하숙집) is a form of small business in the South Korean cities. It consists of a house with a number (small hasukjip has near 10-20 rooms, but big- some dozens rooms or more) boarding rooms. Before Coronavirus situation any Korean and foreign students living in hasukjips and Koreans understood hasukjips only as a type of private dormitory, but if we examine the example of changes in hasukjips we can also consider trends in the Korean society. Although hasukjips reflect elements and aspects of the various sides of the life in Korea, Korean and foreign scholars have not undertaken research on the situation of the hasukjip or changes in its history and this institution remains little-unknown in the Western academic world. This work based on the sociological materials (these interviews had place in 2022. In this sociological interview for persons, who lived in the hasukjips, took part 184 Korean people and 20 foreigners. Moreover, was created interview for masters of the hasukjip. In this event took part 50 persons. Lists of the interview and further information were added as attachments) and some written works. The aim of this article is to consider modern situation of the hasukjip in Korea and abroad, its place in life of the Korean people.

Hydrological Regime of Rivers in the Periglacial Zone of the East European Plain in the Late MIS 2

At the end of the Pleniglacial and the first half of the Late Glacial period, approximately between 18 and 14 ka BP, rivers of the central and southern parts of the East European Plain had channels up to 10 times as large as the present day channels of the same rivers. These ancient channels, called large meandering palaeochannels, are widespread in river floodplains and low terraces. The hydrological regime of these large rivers is of great interest in terms of the palaeoclimatology of the late Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS 2). In this study, we aimed at quantitative estimation of maximum flood discharges of rivers in the Dnepr, Don and Volga basins in the late MIS 2. To approach this, we used massive measurements of the morphometric characteristics of large palaeochannels on topographic maps and remote sensing data—palaeochannel width, meander wavelength and their relationships with river flow parameters. The runoff depth of the maximum flood, which corresponds to the maximum depth of daily snow thaw during the snowmelt period, was obtained for unit basins with an area of <1000 km2. The mean value for the southern megaslope of the East European Plain was 44.2 mm/day (6 times the modern value), with 46 mm/day for the Volga River (5.5 times), 45 mm/day (6.3 times) for the Don River and 39 mm/day (8 times the modern value) for the Dnepr River basins. In general, the Dnepr basin was drier than the Don and Volga basins, which corresponds well to the modern distribution of humidity. At the same time, the westernmost part of the Dnepr River basin was relatively wet in the past, and the decrease in humidity from the past to the modern situation was greater there than in the eastern and central regions. The obtained results contradict the prevailing ideas, based mainly on climatic modeling and palynological data, that the climate of Europe was cold and dry during MIS 2. The reason is that palaeoclimatic reconstructions were made predominantly for the LGM epoch (23–20 ka BP). On the East European Plain, the interval 18–14 ka BP is rather poorly studied. Our results of paleoclimatological and palaeohydrological reconstructions showed that the Late Pleniglacial and the first half of the Late Glacial period was characterized by a dramatic increase in precipitation and river discharge relative to the present day.

Trajectories of a doctor's professional development: a narrative interview. Part 1

BACKGROUND: Medical education is one of the most prestigious and in demand at the present stage, which, first of all, is reflected in the high competition rates for admission to a medical university. At the same time, the digital development of the Institute of Medicine determines the increasing academic load and the need to expand the range of disciplines studied at a medical university. AIM: To study of the trajectories of professional development of a young doctor in the Russian healthcare system in modern conditions. METHODS: The study of the trajectories of professional development of young doctors was carried out by the method of narrative interview (n=52) in September–December 2022 on the basis of the Institute of Social Sciences of Sechenov University. The study involved young internists (n=11), pediatricians (n=11), obstetricians and gynecologists (n=10), dentists (n=10), surgeons (n=10). RESULTS: The analysis of the array of narratives allowed us to identify three key semantic and semantic data blocks (including seven subgroups), which served as the empirical basis of the standard narrative plot: the pre-university stage ["playing the profession" (3–7 years), "premonition" of professional choice (8–11 years), professional self-determination or the formation of professional intentions (12–17 years)]; university stage [obtaining medical education as the "foundation" of professional socialization (1–2 years), determining the desired trajectory of the professional path (3–6 years)]; postgraduate stage [debut of professional activity (residency), "challenges of professional autonomy"]. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the corpus of narratives of young doctors made it possible to identify the key temporal points of the trajectory of their professional formation in the modern situation, and showed that the formation and professional self-determination of a medical specialist is determined not only by internal motivation, but also by the influence of social agents (specific for each stage), the conditions of the social and professional environment.

International Relations in the Conditions of Historical, Political and Religious Transformations in the Qajar State

The presented article examines the religious factor in the domestic policy of Catherine II and the Babid uprising in the socio-political life of the Qajar State. The influence of Russian foreign policy on the South Caucasus is explored; relations between Russia and the Azerbaijani khanates; foreign policy and diplomacy of Agha Mohammed Qajar and the Qajar princes. The historical, political and religious processes in the Qajar State from the late 18th to the mid-19th centuries are analyzed, echoing the modern situation in Iran, both in domestic and foreign policy. An objective study of these problems by an Azerbaijani scientist is a kind of contribution to the scientific thought of the Middle East. The history of the Qajar State in the context of the political interests of the state, interpreted with a religious factor, lifts the veil from the former theological experience of suppression of secular power by religious, which the Qajars had to reckon with in the late Middle Ages. The paradox is that this factor is present in modern Iran, which is why internal unrest occurs, which affects foreign policy relations with secular Azerbaijan, professing Shiism and other cultural countries. More recently, a series of events in the issue of the Azerbaijani-Armenian conflict and Iran’s support for Armenia sowed the seeds of hostility between Azerbaijan and Iran. But conceptual logic dictated an orientation towards peace and cooperation, the key factors of which were the strengthening of vector logical and economic ties under the North-South project along the western coast of the Caspian Sea and the launch of the Rasht-Astara railway line.

Digital technologies in the formation of communicative competence in the situation of multicultural bilingualism and modern real/virtual urbanism

Digital technologies in the formation of communicative competence in the situation of multicultural bilingualism and modern real/virtual urbanism

THE CONCEPT OF “JUST WAR”: HORIZON, STRUCTURE, CRITICISM

The concept of “just war” has become politically and scientifically relevant due to the collapse of the “European international system of sovereign states”; in the modern situation of “world disorder” (R. Haas), it becomes an instrument of public rhetoric; the inevitable consequence is the degradation of meaning - philosophical research, thus aimed at the formation of the concept, becomes relevant. Understanding the structure, meaning and scope of the concept of “just war” involves putting it in context; the goal, therefore, is to construct a horizon. The main task is to clarify the meaning of the concept of “just war” as a phenomenon of modernity. The concept of “just war” belongs to the field of ideas, that is, understanding presupposes going beyond the methodological framework of disciplinary science - the trans-boundary can be ensured by using methods developed by philosophical hermeneutics to analyze and identify the meaning of ideas and concepts, as well as understanding the ways in which they have power and determine reality. It is revealed that the reduction of the political to morality and the direct application of moral principles to politics necessarily leads to the degradation of war: the rejection of the “non-discriminatory concept of war” in favor of the concept of “just war” removes any restrictions from armed violence. It is demonstrated that war remains necessary on its periphery as normalization, police operation, “humanitarian intervention; the concept of ’just war’ is a tool for ensuring security. It is concluded that the anti-terrorist war as a police operation to ensure the security of the global liberal political order is the conceptual core of the modern concept of “just war”.

ON THE ONTOLOGICAL PURPOSE OF MAN

The position is substantiated that the possibility of overcoming chaos in the value sphere and the infinity of the processes of “revaluation of values” is associated with the search and acquisition of a person’s existential purpose. If in religious teachings the processes of transcendence, movement towards the “super-rational” and “supernatural” act as a condition for the formation of absolute values, then in philosophy different types of transcendence are considered. In the modern situation, in the conditions of the “struggle against metaphysics,” it becomes relevant not only to determine meaning and significance, but also to substantiate the right to the existence of the transcendent. At the same time, it is shown that the contradictions of the rapidly developing, high-tech world are the basis for searching for ways to reach the transcendent. The concept of the transcendent is explicated in the process of considering eternal philosophical problems, such as: the search for the integrity of the world; defining the boundaries of knowledge and transformation of reality; man’s acquisition of his own existence. It is shown that the fight against various kinds of “centrisms” leads to the formation of a new integrity, the basis of which is permanent variability and multidirectionality. The success of goal-oriented rational activity ultimately leads to the formation of such problems, the overcoming of which is possible only if one goes beyond the limits of empirical reality. The value of thought lies not in the fact that it reflects the objective world, but in the possibility of a person introducing personal, original things into the world he describes. Consequently, both in religion and in philosophy, a person is endowed with an “ontological purpose”, and the question of gaining/giving up the search for being is in the horizon of his (man’s) decisions. It is concluded that without access to the transcendental, the search for personal existence, value foundations, and cognitive truths is impossible, since all forms of activity carried out within the phenomenal world will lead to stagnation. The transition from phenomenal to noumenal being is necessary in order to set a different hierarchy, form other evaluation criteria and methods of systematization.

Современные подходы к методике преподавания истории в высшем учебном заведении

Historical education in the system of higher educations is designed to solve not only teaching, but also upbringing tasks. Therefore, it is called upon to quickly and effectively overcome challenges which the historical education faces with the help of a specific political situation and social need. The modern situation is particularly acute in this regard. The concept of teaching Russian history to individuals of non-historical specialties and fields, which are implemented in higher education organisations, adopted in 2023, also testifies to this. The renewal of the content of historical education in the country requires the introduction of innovations in the field of the methodology of teaching. The methodological basis of history teaching in Russia has a long tradition, formed within the framework of several directions. Modern researchers of the problem note the special importance of the technological approach, which has become widespread in educational institutions of the country. However, it is not enough for today. The methodology of teaching history should precisely reflect the changes in the content of the discipline. At the same time, the range of methodological techniques in the teacher's arsenal may not change significantly. It is even possible to appeal to the experience of pre-revolutionary and Soviet methodology. But the question of the content of the methodological base and its objective orientation is core.

Digital Transformation of Socio-Technological Reality: Problems and Risks

The research is devoted to a discussion of social and humanitarian problems associated with tectonic changes in human life against the backdrop of total digitalization. The author's attention is focused on the uniqueness of the modern situation: never before have innovative technologies had the ability to penetrate so rapidly and deeply into the foundation of modern society, have they become so widespread and accessible to almost all peoples and cultures. At the same time, the undeniable public good and the most serious threats to society that digital reality technologies bring with them are in a very close relationship. This is especially true for artificial intelligence systems. Innovations transform the entire world order, bringing radical changes not only to the material sphere of life, but also to the spiritual and moral state of a person. The research notes that the introduction of information and communication technologies into the life of modern society occurs without reliable support on the results of preliminary experimental research, without taking into account a deep professional and responsible assessment of the social and psychological consequences of their impact on the individual and on society as a whole. As a result, at this stage, society is constantly faced with many negative aspects of the impact of high-tech means. The work examines some of them: a decrease in cognitive and analytical abilities, the devaluation of human labor, the criminalization of cyberspace, the spread of Deepfake technology. Particular attention is paid to the problem associated with the possibility of using information technology as a tool of psychological influence. Information and psychological warfare is implemented on the basis of social networks and artificial intelligence technologies, which provides the enemy with the opportunity to achieve superiority without the use of military force. Information and humanitarian actions in cyberspace, carried out by Western countries in order to destabilize our society, destroy its value foundations, reformat the consciousness, worldview and spiritual and moral qualities of citizens, are becoming increasingly large-scale and aggressive. The work notes that digitalization is gaining momentum, plunging society deeper into new circumstances and requiring decisive action aimed at overcoming the many threats specific to the modern high-tech era.

Actor-network interpretation of phenomena and current issues of education: The historicist grounds and specificity

Introduction. The research analyzes the changes of ontological and methodological grounds of the philosophy of education in the modern world. The aim of the research is to identify the historicist grounds and specificity of the actor-network interpretation of phenomena and current problems in education. Materials and Methods. The study employs complex and interdisciplinary approaches. The data sources for this problematic research include the latest scholarly publications, tending to apply actor-network theory in the field of pedagogy and philosophy of education and published in academic journals between 2000 and 2023. The typologisation and comparative methods, along with contextual and textual analysis are used in order to analyze contemporary discussions in this field. Results. Based on the most recent studies, this work reveals the grounds and identifies the specificity of actor-network interpretation of some educational phenomena and problems. During the research the basis of actor-network pedagogy is revealed as historicist ontology, which overcomes the opposition between classical historicism and relativism. The article demonstrates how the reconsideration of ontological and methodological foundations influences the building of terminological glossary of the philosophy of education. The concept of ‘educational spatiality’ is contextualized, which in its turn, makes it possible to analyze a network of educational practices as a complex. Apart from that, the potential of using the tools of the actor-network theory is characterized in a context of research of different educational models from a historical perspective, in materially and contextually heterogeneous networks. It is also claimed that due to its multidisciplinary nature, the actor-network theory can be successfully used to problematize educational phenomena and develop specific teaching strategies. Conclusions. It is demonstrated that actor-network theory, due to its reliance on a new model of historicism, can provide a multidisciplinary orientation of pedagogy and its lability in relation to the modern situation.

PARADIGM OF FRACTALITY OF URBAN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT IN CRISIS SITUATIONS

The methodology of spatial development of cities and urbanized territories over a certain historical time has objective reasons to change and it changes. Under the influence of challenges of geopolitical, demographic, social, economic, ecological content, which acquire the characteristics of crisis situations, formulation of new content of spatial planning methodology is carried out. Such processes of formulating the content of the new methodology took place at the beginning of the 20th century under the influence of the industrial revolution, such processes are taking place at the present time, in the era of the post-industrial economy and the digital transformation of society (the fourth industrial revolution). A characteristic feature of the modern situation is the lack of incremental nature of changes, they have acquired the features of non-linear processes, which in turn requires an exponential organization of research in urbanism. In turn, urban planning documentation must be adaptive to these changes. The content of fractal urbanism is revealed on the example of an urban cluster.

Research on the Learning Situation of Chinese Modern and Contemporary History among College Students in Applied Higher Education Institutions

In this paper, we conduct a survey on the learning situation of Chinese modern and contemporary history among college students in applied higher education institutions. We randomly select 200 college students as research subjects, and have them fill out an internet questionnaire. The current cognitive situation and the factors that have a significant impact on it. The analysis results show that college students in applied higher education institutions have a better initiative in learning Chinese modern and contemporary history, indicating that they have a better grasp of Chinese modern and contemporary history. Through further analysis, it is found that first-year students have a strong initiative in learning Chinese modern and contemporary history. Second year students tend to self-monitor their learning efficiency in learning Chinese modern and contemporary history, while senior students in their third and fourth years pay more attention to the practical value of learning knowledge. To enhance the quality of education in modern and contemporary Chinese history, it has a strong attraction, impact, and infectiousness that transcends time and space for the growth and development of college students.

Национальная самоидентификация героя-эмигранта в эмигрантской прозе Г. Иванова и Г. Миллера. Статья вторая: кризис творческой самореализации

The author compares the American prose writer Henry Miller’s novel Tropic of Cancer (1934) and the Russian poet Georgy Ivanov’s story Disintegration of the Atom (1938). The aim of the article is to compare the plot situations of the emigrant heroes’ self-identification in the aspect of the manifestation of their national and cultural identity in order to understand how the problem of national self-identification of a person of the modern era in emigration is aggravated. The second part of the article draws attention to the collision of creativity and the interpretation of art (literature) by the central characters. It is concluded that Miller and Ivanov agree on the idea of the crisis of culture and the dying of art in the situation of modernity. In the story of a hero, an aspiring writer, Miller shows the transformation of avant-garde ideas and the conformism of a contemporary artist. Miller’s central character appears as a spiritually integral person, capable of creative realization and capable of challenging a civilization stricken with cancer. Ivanov depicts a creatively sterile man-“atom”, unable to overcome the existential impasse in the crisis of modern civilization. Although in both works the heroes assert the highest value not of art, but of real life, sensuality, bodily passion, Ivanov’s hero cannot accept life and renounces it unlike Miller’s hero, who accepts himself and the world. The novel Tropic of Cancer is interesting in the aspect of imagology: it shows a number of images of Russian emigrants as perceived by an American hero. This is an American “view” of the Russian emigrant, different from the automyth of Russian emigrant writers (Georgy Ivanov). Geographically, Miller sees Russia as the most distant part of Europe. The dominant feature of Russians in Tropic of Cancer is irrationality (“crazy Russians”), but Miller, unlike Ivanov, captures both the pragmatism and conformism of Russian emigrants. The emigrant writer Boris, on the one hand, appears as a type of a European avant-garde artist; on the other hand, Russian roots are manifested in his aesthetics and attitude to the world. Boris turns out to be similar to the hero of Ivanov’s story, a creatively sterile person, immersed in the world of ideas, the break with which reflects the creative growth of the hero of Miller’s novel. A skeptical assessment of Russian idealism brings Miller and Ivanov closer together. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

ПЕРЕПИСЫВАНИЕ ЧЕХОВА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПРОЗЕ: ОПЫТ Д. В. ДРАГУНСКОГО

In modern literary studies, the topic "Chekhov's pretexts in Russian literature of the XX-XXI years" is one of the most popular. That is due to thesimplicity and the evidence of the material used. However, the analysis often stops at the stage of stating Chekhov's reminiscences, quotations, remakes of his plots, etc. However, we should not take at face value this constant presence of Chekhov in the consciousness of modern literature and the declared love for him, there is a constant internal controversy, the attitude towards Chekhov is love and irritation at the same time. It is impossible to understand that situation without referring to the history of Chekhov's reception, including the beginning of the twentieth century. The situation when a writer uses Chekhov in his literary polemic is analyzed using the example of D. V. Dragunsky's work. The writer's position is representative of the modern situation and helps to reveal the reasons why modern authors have a constant internal conversation with Chekhov.