Modern Science Research Articles

To Civilise What We Inherit: Isabelle Stengers ‘Thinking with’ Gilles Deleuze

Hundreds of books have been written about Deleuze, but although many prominent philosophers and schools of philosophy have inherited from him, no single philosopher has emerged as the primary inheritor of Deleuze’s project. The Belgian philosopher Isabelle Stengers could serve as one conceptual persona among others playing such a role. Stengers refers to Deleuze in all but one of her fourteen books which have so far been translated into English, especially in The Invention of Modern Science, Cosmopolitics and Thinking with Whitehead, and this article ‘thinks with’ Stengers as she thinks with Deleuze through most of her references to his work over four decades.

Synthesis of Mesoporous ZnO•SiO2 Nanocomposite from Rice Husk for Enhanced Degradation of Organic Substances Including Janus Green B under Visible Light

Rice husk (RH) is often mentioned as an agricultural by-product, often used in the pass as fertilizer and for raw burning. With modern science, RH have been researched and found many new potential benefits and applications. In this study, RH were used to synthesize amorphous SiO2, which was used to prepare the ZnO•SiO2 nanocomposites by a hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm. Their photocatalytic properties were studied by an ultraviolet-vis spectrophotometer and a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The ZnO•SiO2 nanocomposite has an excellent ability to degrade organic substances such as dyes, antibiotics, caffeine, etc. The effects of operating parameters on the photo-degradation reaction progress, including catalyst dosage, initial dye concentration, and pH of the initial dye were investigated in detail. In addition, the photodegradation rate of the dye on the ZnO•SiO2 nanocomposite was evaluated using the pseudo-first-order model. The ZnO•SiO2 nanocomposite can be used as a photocatalyst for wastewater treatment as it detaches much more easily from the solution. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Teologi Islam dan Kosmologi: Penciptaan Alam Semesta Menurut Al-Qur'an, Konsep Multiverse, dan Hubungan Teori Evolusi dengan Ajaran Islam dalam Perspektif Sains Modern

The development of modern science, particularly in cosmology and evolutionary biology, raises questions about how Islamic theology can engage in dialogue with contemporary scientific theories such as the Big Bang theory, the multiverse concept, and the theory of evolution. The objective of this research is to explore Islamic theology and cosmology, focusing on the aspects of the Creation of the Universe according to the Qur'an, the Multiverse Concept, and the Relationship between Evolutionary Theory and Islamic Teachings from the perspective of modern science. The method used in this study is a Systematic Literature Review by analyzing previous relevant studies on Islamic theology and cosmology. The findings show a connection between Islamic theology and the science of the creation of the universe, the multiverse, and evolutionary theory. The Qur'an presents creation as the will of God, encompassing both physical and spiritual dimensions. The concept of the multiverse is acceptable as long as it does not contradict the oneness of God (tawhid), while the theory of evolution is understood as part of the divine plan. Dialogue between theology and science enriches our understanding of the cosmos and opens up opportunities for relevant interdisciplinary research.

Assembling a new generation of radiopharmaceuticals with supramolecular theranostics.

Supramolecular chemistry has been used to tackle some of the major challenges in modern science, including cancer therapy and diagnosis. Supramolecular platforms provide synthetic flexibility, rapid generation through self-assembly, facile labelling, unique topologies, tunable reversibility of the enabling noncovalent interactions, and opportunities for host-guest chemistry and mechanical bonding. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in the design and radiopharmaceutical application of discrete self-assembled coordination complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules - namely, metallacages and rotaxanes, respectively - as well as in situ-forming supramolecular aggregates, specifically pinpointing their potential as next-generation radiotheranostic agents. The outlook of suchsupramolecular constructs for potential applications in the clinic is discussed.

Precisely Prepared Hierarchical Micelles of Polyfluorene-block-Polythiophene-block-Poly(phenyl isocyanide) via Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly.

The precise preparation of hierarchical micelles is a fundamental challenge in modern materials science and chemistry. Herein, poly(di-n-hexylfluorene)-block-poly(3-tetraethylene glycol thiophene) (poly(1m-b-2n)) diblock copolymers and polyfluorene-block-polythiophene-block-poly(phenyl isocyanide) triblock copolymers were synthesized using a one-pot process via the sequential addition of corresponding monomers using a Ni(II) complex as a single catalyst for living/controlled polymerization. The crystallization-driven self-assembly of amphiphilic conjugated poly(1m-b-2n) led to the formation of nanofibers with controlled lengths and narrow dispersity. The block copolymers exhibited white, yellow, and red emissions in different self-assembly states. By using uniform poly(1m-b-2n) nanofibers as seeds, introducing the polyfluorene-block-polythiophene-block-poly(phenyl isocyanide) triblock polymer as a unimer in the seed growth process, and adjusting the structure of the poly(phenyl isocyanide) block and the polarity of self-assembly solvent, A-B-A triblock micelles, multiarm branched micelles, and raft micelles were prepared.

Precisely Prepared Hierarchical Micelles of Polyfluorene‐block‐Polythiophene‐block‐Poly(phenyl isocyanide) via Crystallization‐Driven Self‐Assembly

The precise preparation of hierarchical micelles is a fundamental challenge in modern materials science and chemistry. Herein, poly(di‐n‐hexylfluorene)‐block‐poly(3‐tetraethylene glycol thiophene) (poly(1m‐b‐2n)) diblock copolymers and polyfluorene‐block‐polythiophene‐block‐poly(phenyl isocyanide) triblock copolymers were synthesized using a one‐pot process via the sequential addition of corresponding monomers using a Ni(II) complex as a single catalyst for living/controlled polymerization. The crystallization‐driven self‐assembly of amphiphilic conjugated poly(1m‐b‐2n) led to the formation of nanofibers with controlled lengths and narrow dispersity. The block copolymers exhibited white, yellow, and red emissions in different self‐assembly states. By using uniform poly(1m‐b‐2n) nanofibers as seeds, introducing the polyfluorene‐block‐polythiophene‐block‐poly(phenyl isocyanide) triblock polymer as a unimer in the seed growth process, and adjusting the structure of the poly(phenyl isocyanide) block and the polarity of self‐assembly solvent, A‐B‐A triblock micelles, multiarm branched micelles, and raft micelles were prepared.

On the importance and methodological aspects of historiographical research of political and legal doctrines

The article examines the issues of the development of historiographical studies of political and legal doctrines from the point of view of clarifying the role and significance of the relevant results in modern legal science, as well as the problems of improving the methodological foundations of the formation of the Russian historiographical model of political and legal knowledge. The study shows that the lack of developed and consistent models of historiography of political and legal doctrines in foreign and domestic legal literature is associated with certain interpretations of historical knowledge and cognitive principles, the rejection of historicism in the social sciences, which was established and spread especially in the twentieth century in Western European literature, the undeveloped types of development of national literatures covering the issues of origin and development of political and legal knowledge. In terms of improving approaches to historiographical research of political and legal knowledge, the possibilities of a deeper study of the influence of socio-religious consciousness, genre features, plots and means of expression, linguistic characteristics of the works of scientists and other studied texts are indicated. In the methodological direction, an important role can be played by referring to the constructs formed in the Russian philosophical literature, in particular the works of P. A. Florensky.

Midwifing Modernity: Popularizing Modern Health Care for Women in Late Imperial Russia

AbstractThis article examines the discourse on Russian women’s health care in the late Imperial period within the context of modernization. One of the hallmarks of modernity, health care is also one of the most intimate areas of contact between the agents of modernity and the public at large. The discussion was starkly divided between those concerned with peasant women and those concerned with educated women, but both were firmly situated in the overarching project of healthification (ozdorovlenie). While the authors concerned with peasant women’s health sought to overcome traditional beliefs and practices and replace them with the findings of modern science, the literature directed at the educated public illustrates the anxiety that accompanied the modernity project. The authors writing to and about educated society were far more conflicted about the array of problems they observed developing as traditional beliefs and practices were challenged by changes in society. The article explores the development and role of women’s health care, the tensions between professional and popular health care practitioners, and their relationships with the population from cultural, political and gendered perspectives, and analyzes modernization as a site of contention over women’s agency as well as a social and cultural process.

Recent Status and Prospects of Low-Temperature Drift Resistors

With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the stability and reliability of electronic components become essential. Low-temperature drift resistors (LTDRs) are of importance owing to their excellent performance and stability in different temperature environments. LTDR technology is now widely used in the industrial field. This paper reviews the research status of LTDRs in order to provide reference for researchers and engineers in related fields. First, the basic principle of LTDRs is briefly discussed. A brief explanation of the mechanism behind low-temperature drift is illustrated. Second, the materials, types, and manufacturing processes of LTDRs are classified and discussed. The review ends with a brief conclusion concerning the challenges from mechanism to application and the future outlook.

FEATURES OF STATE ADMINISTRATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

The article reveals the concept and content of globalization. It is emphasized that in modern conditions, the concept of «globalization» has entered scientific circulation along with the key categories of modern science and has become the subject of wide discussions. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of state administration under the conditions of globalization. It is indicated that the sphere of public administration is affected by several processes at once – adaptation, transformation and modernization. Adaptation is a forced process of adjustment, adaptation and arrangement of the state administration system of the national state to the qualitatively new processes of globalization. Transformation is a mechanism for reflecting the radical changes that the world and each national system of public administration are undergoing in the context of globalization. Modernization is one of the options for social development, which simultaneously improves and accumulates quantitative and qualitative changes in the state administration system in the context of globalization. These processes are the main basic factors of the transformation of the modern world, according to them the national state and its system of public administration are changing. It is emphasized that the factor of public administration is an indicator of the extent to which the modern national state is able to resist or adapt to the processes of globalization. The main problems of globalization in modern conditions and their impact on the sphere of public administration are revealed. It is emphasized that globalization puts forward new requirements, which should become effective and efficient means of solving complex contradictions that arise in the course of the joint functioning of national states in the world space. The influence of governmental and non-governmental organizations on management processes is shown. It is indicated that the main mechanism of activity of international non-governmental organizations in the period of globalization is the mobilization of the opinion of the world community. It has been proven that at the current stage, globalization leads to a kind of «updating» of the structure of the world, and as a result – corrects national systems of state administration. In addition, it changes the strategies of economic, political and cultural development, creating a complete interdependence of the world, which is the basis of its functioning. The growing rates of interdependence unify and standardize the conditions and factors of the development of individual states, acting as peculiar indicators of determining the level of sustainability of the development of national states.

Psychosocial deprivation as a problem of subjectivity of the pandemials: Socio-psychological and pedagogical problems of digital education

Introduction. Researchers around the world note that in modern education, the normal operation of educational institutions and, moreover, academic performance, due to the 2020–2022 education crisis remains out of reach for many students, their teachers, as well as their parents. An entire generation of «pandemials», minors and young «children of the lockdown» lives with the scarring of deprivation and distress received during the lockdown period. This generation, thanks to the «experiment» carried out on them, the main process of which was psychosocial deprivation, found itself facing the threats of desubjectivizing: failure and flunking, lack of education and unemployment, crime and impoverishment, exploitation and violence, accumulation of losses. At the same time, almost none of those who conducted the «experiment,» contrary to declarations, are going to compensate by returning lost opportunities, but intend to continue, introducing and legitimizing the so-called «distance learning».Purpose setting. The purpose of the study is to understand the phenomenological analysis of pedagogical and socio-psychological problems of digital education and phenomenon of psychosocial deprivation of modern schoolchildren and students in the situation of the macrosocial crisis (lockdown) of 2020–2022 as a process associated with a interruption of the formation and development of students’ subjectivity.Methodology and methods of the study. The research method is a phenomenological analysis of the psychosocial deprivation of modern schoolchildren and students in a situation of a macrosocial crisis (lockdown) as the leading problem of modern education in Russia and the world related to interruption of the formation and development of students’ subjectivity. Results. Psychosocial deprivation experienced by «children of lockdown» is a systemic, long-term and multidimensional limitation / deprivation of a developing / maturing person of the opportunity to satisfy educational and other psychosocial needs. Thanks to the lockdown and other events of 2020–2022, schools and universities faced previously unknown mental health problems (their own and those around them), were forced to deal with them and the following problems in the form of increased violence and other forms of deviant behavior, diseases and injuries, problems of desubjectivizing (asubjectivity). There has been and continues to be a growing number of negative coping strategies, including child labor and early/unequal marriages, prostitution and early motherhood, replenishment of gangs by children, teenagers, youths, etc.Conclusion. The lockdown has become a new phenomenon for many communities and their members, for modern science and art, and has given rise to numerous discussions about the psychosocial and moral and legal status of the measures proposed by WHO and implemented by the states to combat the «pandemic» declared by WHO. Lockdown children became victims of more or less total and long-term psychological, or rather psychosocial, deprivation – they were limited in their ability to fully interact with other members of the community, including teachers and other students, they were closed within the framework of the family and home. The study of the features and consequences of deprivation of lockdown children is the most important area of modern education research, which will not only outline individual steps and technologies for helping children, but also formulate the necessary measures to protect education as a sphere of cultural reproduction, support for human development, care of older generations for the younger ones in general.

MARKETING IN THE SPHERE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The article reveals the relevance of using marketing tools in the field of public administration. The concept of «marketing» is analyzed, the approaches of modern scientists to this concept are considered. Today, there are about 2,000 definitions of the concept of «marketing», in which the main tasks, processes and concepts of marketing are reflected in various combinations. A significant impact on the variety of definitions of marketing was made by the variety of points of view on the goals, objectives and content of marketing and marketing activities. Quite often, definitions of marketing are based on concepts of an economic nature (for example, profit maximization, increasing income, market, competitiveness, etc.), on management concepts (planning, regulation, organization, etc.). Emphasis is placed on a large number of derivative concepts of marketing, including «state marketing», «territorial marketing», «regional marketing», etc. It is indicated that marketing in the field of public administration is, first of all, an approach in public administration that puts the satisfaction of consumers and producers of public services in a prominent place, which acts as a specific form of marketing implementation. More specifically, this is the marketing activity of management bodies and/or their representatives who act as producers, consumers or intermediaries (suppliers) in the processes of exchange of goods, services, ideas and other values. The tools of state marketing were proposed, and the results of the use of the tools were analyzed. An analysis of the main types of marketing in the field of public administration was carried out: macro-marketing; direct state marketing; state internet marketing; de-marketing This classification is generally correct, as it takes into account the subject composition and various goals of marketing in the field of public administration. It has been proven that marketing in the field of public administration is based on real mechanisms of market functioning, and is also focused on achieving the maximum social effect from increasing the degree of satisfaction of the needs of the country's population. It is proven that the state uses marketing tools in its policy. However, so far it has a single character, and the use of such tools should be systematic. The application of marketing in the field of public administration and the activities of public bodies can be a means of achieving and increasing the competitiveness of both the national economy and the entire national state.

Три уровня международного политико-экономического анализа: новая перспектива для исследования международных проблем в эпоху многополярности

One of the key issues in current international relations studies is the structure of knowledge. The epistemological foundations of political and economic theories of international development are losing their relevance as the influence of theory on the practice of international relations wanes. The declining ability of international analysis to predict the future of world politics and economics emphasizes the need for a broader, interdisciplinary approach to the study of international relations. This study aims to explore the possibility of creating a new, practical and interdisciplinary model of analysis to address the problems of the modern international system. This approach to the systemic analysis of international relations involves broadening the scope of the study by integrating international political and economic (IPE) analysis and including three analytical levels: explanatory, normative and critical. The article defines the terminology, structure, principles and criteria of such an analysis based on the problems of modern political science. The author also points out the main difficulties in the formation of theoretical and methodological basis of the three-level analysis. Examples of analyzing problems, namely the impact of trade barriers on the instability of global supply chains and the international dimension of the energy crisis of the Federal Republic of Germany (2022 – present) are given, demonstrating the quality and consistency of the results of such analysis.

At the crossroads: Patočka and Althusser on the idea of modern science

At the crossroads: Patočka and Althusser on the idea of modern science

Pluralism and the unity of science: physics and political epistemology in Cassirer’s phenomenology of knowledge

AbstractIn this article, we analyse how Ernst Cassirer’s approach of a phenomenology of knowledge deals with the general question of disunity in science and society. By elaborating on the concept of functional unity, which presupposes difference, Cassirer’s work helps to revise foundational concepts of modern science and society, such as pluralism and truth. Relating Cassirer’s approach to the current interest in political epistemology, we show the implications of Cassirer’s theory of knowledge and analyses of modern science, particularly physics. In these analyses, Cassirer carves out the relational logic of scientific knowledge and its consequences on epistemological and ethico-political levels. While this logic of relations relativises absolute claims on either level, it entails its distinct normative criteria as elements of the scientific ideal. Cassirer’s project defends this ideal and thus can simultaneously defend plurality in science (including the humanities) in terms of methods, perspectives and aims, and preserve the unity of science as a normative ideal and symbolic form in constant interaction with other forms. Thus, Cassirer’s pluralism must be distinguished from mere historicist or relativist conceptions.

Revisiting Whitehead’s Abstractive Hierarchy

In Whitehead’s theory of “events”, the primary focus is on the critical assessment of abstraction. Modern science’s heavy reliance on abstraction has resulted in what Whitehead calls “the fallacy of misplaced concreteness”, where the abstract is mistaken for the actual. To address this issue, Whitehead replaces the traditional category of abstraction with eternal objects and defines the abstractive hierarchy. He aims to clarify the metaphysical status of abstraction and concreteness while dissolving their binary opposition. It is important to note that there are two possible approaches for interpreting an abstractive hierarchy. The differences between these approaches stem from the question of whether abstraction and complexity should be considered identical concepts. Based on their respective understandings, the abstractive hierarchy will exhibit different structural features, as well as varying positions for the concepts of abstraction and eternal objects within Whitehead’s metaphysical thought.

Forms of perpetuating the historical memory of the Heroes of the Soviet Union in urban toponymy (using the example of commissar Moskovsky Street in Tambov)

Importance. The activities of the Tambov city authorities, public organizations and institutions, their motives in the work on the preservation of military historical memory in the urban enviro nment during the second half of the 20th – beginning of the 21th century on the example of perpetuating the memory of the first Hero of the Soviet Union from Tambov region – A.N. Moskovsky, are considered. The importance of the research lies in the fact that the use of trends in modern historical science, namely, an interdisciplinary approach to research, political history and historical urbanism, allows us to obtain qualitatively new knowledge about the activities of the Russian cities authorities (based on Tambov materials) to preserve military historical memory in urban toponymy and objects of monumental art during the second half of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21th century.Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the research is based on the principles of consistency, historicism, and objectivity. Comparative historical, problem and chronological methods are used. The research is based on such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, generalization, and systematization. The main sources of the research are archival materials stored in the State Archive of Tambov Region, the State Archive of Socio-political History of Tambov Region, published and posted on the Internet, as well as materials in the funds of the Museum and Exhibition Center of Tambov Region.Results and Discussion. The features of the ideological work of local authorities on the development of military historical memory are analyzed. The patterns and continuity of approaches in the military historical work of the city authorities at different chronological stages are revealed. The mechanisms of preserving the memory of a particular hero, senior political instructor, commissar A.N. Moskovsky, are investigated. The forms of historical and patriotic information about the objects of urban toponymy and monumental art created during the development of the urban environment, concerning the perpetuation of the memory of A.N. Moskovsky, are highlighted.Conclusion. As a result of studying the problem, conclusions are drawn about the multi-faceted approach in the work of city authorities, institutions and public organizations for the preservation of military historical memory in the region.

Jeopardizing Biomedical Creative Abduction Through Impoverished Epistemic Niches

In this article the problem of discoverability and abductive creativity in scientific cognition will be characterized by the analysis of current difficulties that affect various aspects of the scientific enterprise such as in the case of the organization of Research and Development in biopharmaceutical companies. I will contend that this case symbolizes a paradigmatic example of what I have called “impoverished epistemic niches” in which it seems that some of the fundamental aspects that qualify modern science are jeopardized. To refer to some recent challenges to the crucial role played in scientific abductive cognition by the so-called “maximization of eco-cognitive openness” and “optimization of eco-cognitive situatedness”, I will propose the new concept of “epistemic irresponsibility”. I will emphasize the importance of the so-called knowledge in motion – in multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary scientific research: the concept of knowledge in motion is also the necessary conceptual premise of the analysis of various kinds of epistemic irresponsibility. I indeed will illustrate the current increasing expansion of commodification and commercialization of science, marketing of technoscientific products, impoverishment of the epistemic niches, showing that a consequence is and could further be an attack to the possibility of a further flourishing of human fecund and successful abductive creative cognition in science, and so at the same time human creativity severely compromised.

The persistence of long facts: truth and consequence in Costa Rica’s aquifers

ABSTRACT At the center of decades-long water conflicts in northwest Costa Rica, a particular fact has had a contentious status: whether the aquifers supplying the area hold sufficient water for collective life. I refer to this as the sufficiency fact, which has been established, debunked, and reestablished multiple times. To understand this peculiar dynamic, I zoom into discussions among community and business representatives about the future of these aquifers. There, in the density of social life, I show how as place-specific formations, facts are “long” entities that remain tied to their interpretations and, crucially, to their potential consequences. As opposed to the ideal of short facts that characterizes modern science, long facts reveal the rich social life that facticity takes in the twenty-first century. Long facts are always contested, explicitly political, and unable to be separated from their potential consequences. In contrast to scholarship that diagnoses the loss of the value of truth within the contemporary moment, I suggest it is critical to understand the abundance of regimes of facticity that surround us and what they make possible leaving behind assumptions of deficit and lack.

Exploring the significance of Ranjaka Pitta in the formation of Rakta Dhatu with respect to Erythropoiesis

ABSTRACT The body's foundational basis lies in the trinity of Dosha [bio-energy principles], Dhatu [structural components of body], and Mala [waste]. The body comprises of three Dosha, Pitta being one of them. Due to its Ushna [hot] Guna [attribute/quality], Pitta plays a crucial role in Pachana [digestion or biotic transformation]. Pitta Dosha is divided into five subtypes based on both their location and function. Amongst these, Ranjaka [coloring] Pitta is involved in the formation of Rakta [blood] Dhatu. Ayurvedic texts indicate Yakrit [liver], Pleeha [spleen], and Amashaya [stomach] as the locations of Ranjaka Pitta, emphasizing its synergy with Raktagni [transformation factors] in the intricate formation of Rakta Dhatu. The Liver, Spleen, and Bone Marrow are vital for Erythropoiesis in modern science. The liver stores essential nutrients like vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron. Vitamin B12 is critical for erythropoiesis (the process of origin, development and maturation of erythrocytes) and the intrinsic factor secreted by the stomach's parietal cells plays a key role in its absorption. There are similarities in the Ayurvedic & Modern processes. In this article, we explore the role of Ranjaka Pitta in Rakta Dhatu formation, bridging Ayurvedic insights with modern medical science for a comprehensive understanding.