Modern SCADA Research Articles

Determining the efficiency of techniques for optimizing the number of tags in modern human-machine interfaces under conditions of limited resources

The object of this study is modern Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) and SCADA systems in the industry. The subject of research is techniques for optimizing the number of tags (variables) in the SCADA/HMI environment to enhance resource utilization efficiency. One of the challenges in creating SCADA/HMI-based solutions can be the number of tags (variables) in the runtime environment. A large number of tags can lead to a problem of limited available resources. The technique presented here allow for the optimization of the number of tags used in Human-Machine Interface systems built with SCADA software and operator panels in combination with Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). An evaluation of the efficiency of techniques for reducing the number of HMI tags was conducted on an experimental configuration consisting of objects such as discrete input/output, analog input/output, actuators such as valves with discrete/analog control, and drives with frequency converters. The optimization coefficient, defined as the ratio of the number of input/output tags used directly to the number of tags after applying the optimization principle, was used as the efficiency criterion. Depending on the techniques and their combinations, the criterion values reached orders of 4, 10, and in one case even more than 100. These values are explained by the application of multiplexing approaches and various packing techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of the reported techniques, as well as their application limitations, have been identified. Some techniques are suitable only for specific tasks. These techniques could be applied in practical implementation when designing modern high-efficiency Human-Machine Interfaces under conditions of limited resources.

Reliability of SCADA systems in BIH substations

This paper describes the concept of modern SCADA systems in general, as well as in BiH substations, and its connection to remote control centers, with a focus on redundancy, reliability and availability. Also, benefits from the usage of redundant protocols, RTU redundancy, usage of industrial equipment designed to work in substation environment and parameters needed for these systems are discussed in this paper. Besides local SCADA systems, telecommunication issues regarding connection to remote control centers are also considered.

РАЗРАБОТКА ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ SCADA-СИСТЕМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ БУМАЖНОГО ПОЛОТНА ДЛЯ ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИИ ДАННЫХ

Nowadays the introduction of intelligent technologies is closely connected with the development of modern information and control systems. Modern SCADA systems are an enabling technology for monitoring and control of dynamic systems in many industries. The article describes the main functions and features of SCADA systems and their typical structure. Italso deals with the important network technologies in systems controlled by SCADA systems and their application. The analysis shows that an integrated SCADA system into automated control systems is the basis for ensuring high economic performance of an enterprise. Based on DataRate the SCADA system elements were developed to control the paper web casting system as part of a large industrial automated control system for dynamic data visualization. An algorithm of interaction and data transfer between elements of a virtual system using the Matrikon OPC software package is described. The use of the DataRate system for visualizing the results of the Simulink-model in forming the mass of the paper web is substantiated.

DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER MODEL FOR OBTAINING A SOLUTION OF COPPER SULFATE ADAPTED FOR SOLVING CONTROL PROBLEMS

Copper sulfate is an inorganic compound that is currently widely used in the chemical industry, medicine and agriculture. When developing systems for automated control of the process of obtaining copper sulfate, there is a need for simple, high-speed and at the same time accurate mathematical models that are used both in improving algorithms for optimal control of this process, and in developing operator interfaces and debugging control algorithms. At the same time, the development of full-fledged mathematical models of technological processes is a very laborious task that requires significant material and time costs. The subject of study in the article is a computer model of the process of obtaining a solution of copper sulfate, implemented in the software environment of the universal modeling program ChemCAD. The aim of the work is to develop in a software environment a universal modeling program ChemCAD, a computer model of the process of obtaining a solution of copper sulphate, adapted for solving problems of control and integration into modern SCADA systems. Objectives: to develop a computer model of the process of obtaining a solution of copper sulfate in the ChemCAD simulation program; explore the process using a computer model, get graphical dependencies that describe the main technological parameters of the process; perform a comparative analysis of the data obtained by calculation with the experimental data of the laboratory setup and draw a conclusion about the functionality of the developed computer model; adapt the computer model to solve the control problem and develop the principles of two-way information exchange of the computer model based on OPC technology with the modern SCADA system TRACE-MODE 6. The methods used are: computer modeling of technological processes; OPC technology; SCADA. Conclusions: the novelty of the results obtained is as follows. In the ChemCAD software environment, a computer model of the process of obtaining a solution of copper sulfate has been developed, adapted for solving control problems and integration into existing SCADA systems. The principles and structure of two-way information exchange of a computer model with external control programs based on OPC technology have been developed.

PLC-based lumber humidity measurement method

Purpose or research.The paper considers the solution of the scientific and practical problem of measuring the humidity content of lumber on the basis of a programmable logic controller (PLC), which makes it possible to implement control systems for drying lumber on inexpensive controllers of wide application with the advantages of modern SCADA systems.Methods.To achieve this goal, modern methods for assessing the humidity content of lumber by electrical resistance have been investigated. We have provided a review and analysis of the known dependences of the electrical resistance of lumber on moisture. It is noted the need to measure resistance in the range of 2.5 KΩ to 25 MΩ. The schematic solution for matching a high-resistance measurement bridge with an additional voltage source with a PLC is described here. We have proposed a method for calculating the matching scheme. Expressions are obtained for calculating humidity according to the data of an analog-to-digital converter. The procedure for setting up the measurement channel according to the readings of two reference measurements is presented.Results.The estimation of the measurement error of humidity and resistance is carried out. It is shown that a resistance measurement error of up to 20% leads to a humidity measurement error of up to 1%, provided that the parameters are correctly configured. To set it up, it is enough to take two reference measurements to complete the procedure for setting the humidity measurement parameters.Conclusion.In the process of designing modern systems for drying lumber, you can use the algorithms and programs of the technological process available and well presented in the literature for implementation on the PLC. The article offers a solution to the main problem of measuring the humidity content of lumber, which is necessary for these algorithms and programs. The material can be useful for researching technological stages of the drying process and developing industrial control systems based on inexpensive controllers.

Моделювання процесу синтезу ацетилену в ChemCAD та особливості зв’язку зі SCADA за допомогою технології OPC

The article examines the features of constructing mathematical models in modern universal modeling programs and their further use using OPC technology in control systems for processes of chemical technology based on SCADA systems. The objective is to study the features of information exchange using OPC technology between the universal ChemCAD simulator and the modern SCADA system TRACE-MODE 6 using the example of a mathematical model of a kinetic reactor for the synthesis of acetylene. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model of a kinetic reactor for the synthesis of acetylene based on a model of a continuous stirring reactor has been developed in the ChemCAD simulation software environment. The reactor was tuned and the parameters of material flows were experimentally selected. A study of the process of synthesis of acetylene was carried out according to a mathematical model, a graphical dependence of the yield of acetylene on temperature was obtained and its analysis was carried out, according to the results of which the temperature providing the maximum yield of acetylene was established. With the help of OPC technology, information exchange between the model and the control system of the acetylene synthesis process is carried out, which is based on the modern SCADA system TRACE-MODE 6. A graphical dependence is obtained describing the transient process of the system through the acetylene output channel when using a PID controller and perturbing with a change in the task. The analysis of the transient process revealed the absence of transport lag, which is explained by the calculated nature of the control object and is impossible for a real technological process. To solve the problem, an experiment was carried out, according to the results of which a method for emulating transport lag using the functionality of the information channels of the SCADA system was proposed. The graph of the transient process of the system through the acetylene outlet channel was obtained, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method of emulation of transport delay when using external calculation models in SCADA systems. Keywords: mathematical modeling, universal modeling programs, OPC, control systems, SCADA-based control, TRACE-MODE, ChemCAD.

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ХІМІКО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У SCADA ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ OPEN PLATFORM COMMUNICATIONS

The subject of study in the article are methods for integrating mathematical models of chemical-technological processes implemented in universal modeling programs into modern SCADA systems for developing and improving methods for controlling these processes. The goal is to develop a control system for the synthesis of acetylene in a kinetic reactor, based on a computer model created in universal modeling programs and integrated into SCADA using open platform communications (OPC) technology. Tasks: to create a mathematical model of the process of synthesis of acetylene based on the selected universal modeling program; to develop a way to integrate the resulting model into modern SCADA using OPC technology; to develop in SCADA a control system for the process of synthesis of acetylene according to a mathematical model as part of a functional human-machine interface and control subsystem algorithms; get transient graphs and prove the efficiency of the control system. Conduct a process study using a mathematical model. The methods used are computer simulation of technological processes; OPC technology; SCADA based management. The following results are obtained. A control system for the acetylene synthesis process based on SCADA Trace-Mode and a mathematical model implemented in the ChemCAD package has been developed, while the model - control system information exchange is implemented based on OPC technology. Checked and proved the efficiency of the resulting control system. A mathematical study of the process was carried out, an experimental dependence of the yield of the final product, acetylene, on the temperature, and consumption of raw materials at the inlet of the reactor was established. Conclusions. The novelty of the results is as follows. A new method is proposed for integrating mathematical models implemented in the ChemCAD modeling package into modern SCADA, based on OPC technology. A study of the process of acetylene synthesis by a mathematical model was carried out, experimental dependences of the acetylene yield on temperature and ethylene consumption at the inlet of the synthesis reactor were obtained. An analysis of the obtained experimental dependences showed the need to use cascade control algorithms to increase the efficiency of controlling the process of acetylene synthesis in a kinetic reactor.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИМОГ ЩОДО ПОБУДОВ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В УМОВАХ ГІБРИДНИХ ЗАГРОЗ. ЧАСТИНА3

This article provides the modern cybersecurity trends directly related to aim ant tasks of criminals. It reflect the assessment of global technological risks discussed at 2020 World Economic Forum. The article covers estimations on increase on negative impact of geopolitical sharpness elements on economic potential of next generation technologies. Data fraud and cyberattacks are considered as priority key indicators at assessment of the most possible global risks, and attacks at informational infrastructure are equal to the cyberattacks risks at the rating of the most possible risks. Forecast indicates that cyberattacks are the most likely to be used as indirect conflicts between countries which look forward to expand their range on influence. In such situation the cybersecurity issues can`t stay on the second place or be the issues which should be solved at existence of direct cyber threats to the modern informational systems, IoT systems and SCADA. Obviously, we should revise the approaches to creation and development of modern informational technologies and cybersecurity issues should be considered as constituent element in development of modern informational systems from the very moment of its initiation, projecting, and on all stages of production and support. Reorientation of informational system developers to creation of new integrated platforms with cybersecurity constituent elements demands the research and implementation of new approaches to its development, as well as engagement of the world community at elaboration of relevant standards and protocols, which ensure the secure functioning of informational systems at world net. The article provides the basic requirements to constituent elements at development of concept of informational and cyber security in conditions of hybrid threats especially provides recommendations on organizational structure for informational security department and general principles to organize the activities and controls on informational and cyber protection. The article defines tasks for informational security department, provides the list of basic actions to secure information, and formulates the tasks, which should be ensured by technical infrastructure, organizational, procedural and hardware and technical actions to manage the informational security, and other principles to ensure informational security in development of concept of informational security within the hybrid threats conditions.

Laboratory SCADA Systems – the State of Art and the Challenges

The present review considers the hardware and control system structure of the modern SCADA systems. The commonly used communication infrastructure and data transmission protocols are described. Especially the trends in using wireless communication technology applications are analyzed. A number of different SCADA system applications are represented and its advantages and disadvantages are also discussed.

Realization of a Simulation Model of SCADA – a System for Monitoring and Control of Sofia Metropolitan

Abstract In this paper, an imitation model of SCADA systems DISIM-V and DISIM-E, implemented in the Central Dispatcher Post (CDP) of the Sofia Metropolitan, is elaborated and described. These contemporary, modern and efficient SCADA systems are in operation in the subway and cover all technological processes for monitoring and control of the train traffic and power supply. Its extensive study is not possible due to the special mode and allowance. Thus a simulator, based on a synthesized imitation model has been also elaborated. The presence of laboratory models of these SCADA systems in Todor Kableshkov University of Transport is extremely useful in the learning process and enables the trainees to penetrate deeply into the core of modern SCADA technology. This simulation model is used by students and personnel for training and increasing the qualification of the operational specialists in the metropolitan, electricity distribution companies and the railway infrastructure.

AN INTELLIGENT NONINTERACTING TECHNIQUE FOR CLIMATE CONTROL OF GREENHOUSES

A new approach to system linearization and decoupling is presented for climate control of greenhouses and more specifically for the operation of heating/cooling and moisturizing. High-level programming, which provides an easy way to building models, is a feature of most research but also field control systems. The method is applicable to any air-conditioning system and is expected to gain wide acceptance in modern SCADA systems with extended computational capabilities.

LAN-based control for load shedding

To restore the system operating frequency after serious disturbances, one of the main protection strategies is the under-frequency load-shedding scheme. It is simple and inexpensive; however, sometimes it has poor performance in coordination due to tedious steps and is apt to result in over or under shedding. In addition, under-frequency relays with time delay are generally used for generation units to avoid malfunction due to surges. This time delay may result in fast frequency drop under severe overload conditions and cause under-frequency relay tripping in the generation unit. The load-shedding strategy may, therefore, fail. Modern SCADA systems are designed as open and distributed systems. Industry-standard hardware and software, configured in local area networks (LAN), have become the basic system building blocks in SCADA systems. The intense competition among different SCADA vendors requires the distributed computer systems to be low-cost, fast-response, and high reliability. Low cost demands the use of simple, standardized, open systems and easy installation, configuration, and extension. Real-time is characterized by high bandwidth, low latency, fast, and continuous update of the system status. Achievement of reliability is by means of structural redundancy and a fault-tolerant computer control system. Advances in network and communication technologies open the door for fast load-shedding controller (LSC) designs with low cost, convenience, scalability, and remote access capability. This article describes a LAN-based LSC that makes use of these technologies for the isolated power system.

A Non-Linear Feedback Technique for Greenhouse Environmental Control

A new approach to system linearization and decoupling is presented for the operation of heating/cooling and moisturizing of greenhouses. High level programming. such as the virtual variables which provide an easy way to building models. is a feature of most research but also field control systems. The method is applicable to any airconditioning system and is expected to be gain wide acceptance in modern SCADA systems with extended computational capabilities.

Adaptive, rule based fault diagnostician for power distribution networks

A fast, adaptive, rule based fault diagnostician for distribution networks is described. It uses two distinct types of rules. A fixed set of core rules, expressed in terms of breaker trips and bus status, is applied for all faults and networks. For particular cases in which the core rules fail, exception rules are generated by interaction with operators. These rules make use of suitable features of the faulted system, in particular, of the islands formed in the faulted network. The data used by the rules is topological information and the real time data normally available from a modern SCADA system. Test results using a distribution system protection simulator show that the diagnostician is accurate, and that speed compares very favourably with earlier schemes described.