Modern Natural Science Research Articles

Категория «синтетическое» в современном естествознании

The article is devoted to rethinking the content of the category ‘synthetic’ in the conditions of modern natural science (fi rst of all, synthetic biology) and its epistemological value. In this paper the category ‘synthetic’ is explored as a product of the epistemological method. The authors carried out an exposition of ‘the synthetic’ category based on the most modern materials of scientifi c and philosophical research. The article attempts to determine the content of the category ‘synthetic’, its place and scope in modern science, by taking into account options for defi ning ‘synthetic’, its advantages and disadvantages. The works of J. Schummer, in which he develops an ontology of biochemical interactions and the epistemic possibilities arising in this connection, were taken as a basis for the classifi cation and epistemological evaluation of specifi c manifestations of ‘the synthetic’ in the scientifi c fi eld. The concept of F. Bianchini defi nes any ‘synthetic’ as ‘artifi cial’. The article shows that the category ‘synthetic’ is considered as a theoretical construct that allows for the comprehension of phenomena which epistemological status cannot be unambiguously defi ned as ‘natural’. In the process of convergence of technosciences, there is a tendency towards the emergence of the ‘synthetic’ phenomenon as the main resource through which scientifi c knowledge is obtained. Due to the achievements of synthetic biology in modern science, the problem of the relationship between ‘natural’ and ‘artifi cial’ is reshaped. This happens due to the qualitative and quantitative expansion of the phenomenon of ‘artifi cial’ / ‘synthetic’ and rethinking the differences between them. Recent advances in the synthesis of organisms and their structural parts, such as the extended genome, allows for ontologists and epistemologists signifi cantly expand the possibilities of categorizing ‘the synthetic’ and build an ontology of ‘the synthetic’.

EDMUND T. WHITTAKER, PHYSICS AND CATHOLICISM. THOUGHTS OF A CONVERT

In 1951, Pope Pius XII gave a long speech with the unequivocal title ‘The proofs for the existence of God in the light of modern natural science’, dealing with the relationship between modern science, Thomism and theology. The event was widely reported in the British press partly because the only living scientist quoted in that discourse was the Edinburgh emeritus professor of mathematics and convert to Catholicism, Edmund T. Whittaker (1873–1956), who was, in the 1930s and 1940s, producing his own corpus on the then-popular subject of science and religion. In this article, using the vast and unexplored correspondence between Whittaker and his son, the mathematician John M. Whittaker (1905–1984), I shall explore his thoughts and popular works, in which he mixed modern physics and mathematics, philosophy, apologetics, and theology. Whittaker is well known among historians of science for his A history of the theories of aether and electricity , the work of a hard-working, self-trained history aficionado. Similarly, after his conversion (in 1930, at the age of 57), Whittaker started reading and forming his own views around the official philosophy of the Catholic Church, Thomism. The core idea with which he justified his conversion and which would be the backbone of his speculations on natural theology was ‘sacramentality’. With it, he thought he could bridge the gap between mathematics, modern physics, and religion, and all with a sui generis embrace of Thomism.

Scientific experimental articles are modernist stories

This paper attempts to revive the epistemological discussion of scientific articles. What are their epistemic aims, and how are they achieved? We argue that scientific experimental articles are best understood as a particular kind of narrative: i.e., modernist narratives (think: Woolf, Joyce), at least in the sense that they employ many of the same techniques, including colligation and the juxtaposition of multiple perspectives. We suggest that this way of writing is necessary given the nature of modern science, but it also has specific epistemic benefits: it provides readers with an effective way to grasp the content of scientific articles which increases their understanding. On the other hand, modernist writing is vulnerable to certain kinds of epistemic abuses, which can be found instantiated in modern scientific writing as well.

Ландшафтно-экологическое территориальное зонирование (на материалах Акмолинской области)

Introduction. Modern human activities in nature are subject to increasing regulation and restrictions, which should be reflected in systems for the use of natural resources, primarily in agricultural production. The problem under consideration is of particular relevance for the regions of Northern Kazakhstan, since the natural landscapes of the region have been radically changed and transformed into natural and agricultural complexes with a disturbed landscape-ecological balance.From the point of view of modern natural science, the organization of the rational use of rural areas should be solved by applying a concept based on the landscape-ecological approach. The purpose of the study. Territorial zoning of the agricultural landscape to optimize the use of agricultural land based on the landscape-ecological approach. Research methods. Cartographic materials used as the basis for the creation of diagrams and design developments, obtained on the basis of data from the virtual information system of the land cadastre of the Republic of Kazakhstan and processed using the ArcGIS program. Research results. Based on materials from the steppe zone of the Akmola region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, an analysis of landscape conditions and ecological stability of agricultural landscape systems was carried out. Analysis of territorial landscape zoning allowed us to conclude that the predominant part of the field landscapes of the steppe eons of this region is occupied by natural-territorial complexes of watershed spaces and watershed slopes, and the most common form of relief is slope surfaces. Ecological zoning of agricultural landscapes in the Akmola region revealed that the most common agricultural landscapes are characterized by weak stability and unstable agricultural landscapes. The article proposes a methodology for territorial zoning of agricultural lands on a landscape-ecological basis in the conditions of the Akmola region. It includes the following procedure: drawing up a landscape map. identification of homogeneous ecological zones; agrolandscape microzoning. As a result of research at the research object, a scheme of territorial landscape-ecological zoning for land use of agricultural formations was compiled, which is based on taking into account the paradynamic landscape structure of steppe landscapes and the degree of their anthropogenic transformation. At the same time, relatively homogeneous landscape-ecological microzones were identified, within which the elementary landscapes of the steppe catena were differentiated according to measures that stabilize the stability of the agricultural landscape. Conclusions. 1. On the territory of the Akmola region, natural landscapes have been transformed into agricultural production modifications. with a low degree of sustainability, requiring measures to maintain landscape-ecological balance. 2. The methodology for territorial zoning of steppe agricultural landscapes should be based on taking into account the paradynamic landscape structure of steppe landscapes, i.e. its catenary device. 3. Application of the results of territorial landscape-ecological zoning in design developments for the use and protection of land will allow the selection of optimal directions that ensure the sustainability of agricultural landscapes.

“With utmost caution and restraint.” The making of Roman Catholic sex education in the German-speaking area, 1900s to 1930s

ABSTRACT While the emergence of sex education in the early 20th century is well studied, religious reactions to it remained under-studied. The paper addresses this gap by analysing the emergence of Roman Catholic sex education in the German-speaking area from the turn of the century to the 1930s. It explores official doctrinal guidelines, inner-Catholic debates, and the growing body of Catholic sex education publications. The paper argues that for the Roman Catholic Church, sex education was not a mere pedagogical problem but a topic that raised overarching questions such as how to deal with modern natural sciences, female emancipation, or the secular school system. The findings suggest that lay people and clergy working in pastoral care were the driving force for the modernisation of the discourse vis-à-vis a more conservative church authority.

Mechanisms of Understanding: Nikolay A. Rubakin’s Mnema Theory

The study provides a brief overview of the Mnema Theory, a bibliopsychological theory based on the achievements in physiology and evolutionary biology formulated by Russian bibliographer, book critic, popularizer of science and writer Nikolai Alexandrovich Rubakin (Nicholas Rubakin), and the one which allows consistently and vividly reveal the structure of the human psyche, and show the mechanisms associated with understanding in general and understanding words and text, in particular. The Theory of Mnema, although presented to the scientific community at the beginning of the 20th century, is nevertheless highly relevant after a hundred years, and there continues to be more and more evidence pointing to the veracity and credibility of its provisions from modern humanitarian and natural sciences. Nikolay A. Rubakin’s Theory of Mnema is formulated on the basis of three laws of bibliopsychology: Zemon’s Law, Humboldt-Potebnya’s Law and Teng’s Law, and shows the structure of the human psyche in the form of mnema, which is a system of records received from external stimuli. According to Nikolay A. Rubakin’s theory, the mnema are a complex open system that is in a state of permanent development, and is always being added to and is continually changing. The complex composition of the reader’s mnema determines the perception and interpretation of a text, which is also understood as the external stimulus that generates a set of engrams and their activation leading to their subsequent ecphorias, as well as the projections that a reader receives when understanding texts. The validity of Nikolay A. Rubakin’s Theory of Mnema is confirmed by psychophysiological experiments aimed at measuring the semantic proximity of words (experiments of A.R. Luria and O.S. Vinogradova), psychological and psycholinguistic experiments (for example, Rorschach tests and various kinds of associative experiments), as well as the achievements of the philological science itself with regard to the study of the space of artistic and non-artistic text, the actual images of the author and the characteristics of the interpretations of the text by readers and researchers.

METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF EVOLUTIONISM AND CREATIONISM

In modern natural science, a significant place is given to the concept of global evolutionism and evolutionary theory in biology (in particular). It is considered fundamental and undeniable. Evolutionism was replaced by early worldview ideas about the immutability of the world, which are usually denoted by the term creationism (creation). In scientific and popular literature, evolutionism is presented as something fundamentally new in understanding the picture of the world. Is the difference between the "created world" and the "self-creating world" (evolutionary darwinism) so fundamental? In the work, an attempt is made, if not to refute the fundamental opposition of evolutionism and creationism, then at least to illustrate the hidden methodological connection between them.

Sohn-Rethel’s Unity of the Critique of Society and the Critique of Epistemology, and his Theoretical Blind Spot: Measure

Abstract Sohn-Rethel’s great idea was to ‘socialise’ Kant’s transcendental subject by combining it with Marx’s commodity-form. In so doing, he took on three challenges simultaneously: a) the timeless validity of modern natural science; b) the social genesis of empirically pure forms of cognition; and c) socialisation occurring through a purely social synthesis. However, Sohn-Rethel construed Marx’s value-form analysis as an empirical exchange of commodities and held that such exchange performs a real abstraction – in this way, he laboured under the very semblance that money engenders at the surface of society by virtue of its function qua means of exchange. This semblance can be rendered transparent by, on the one hand, explaining value in terms of capitalist valorisation rather than as a product of abstraction, and, on the other, developing money as the measure and form of this valorisation.

An iterative method for solving one class of non-linear integral equations with Nemytskii operator on the positive semi-axis

A class of non-linear integral equations with monotone Nemytskii operator on the positive semi-axis is considered. This class of integral equations appears in many areas of modern natural science. In particular, such equations, with various restrictions on non-linearity and the kernel, arise in the dynamic theory of $p$-adic strings for the scalar field of tachyons, in the kinetic theory of gases and plasma within the framework of the usual and modified non-linear Bhatnagar-Gross-Crook models for the Boltzmann kinetic equation. Equations of similar nature appear also in the non-linear radiative transfer theory in inhomogeneous media and in the mathematical theory of the spread of epidemic diseases within the framework of the modified Diekmann-Kaper model. A constructive theorem for the existence of a bounded positive and continuous solution is proved. As a result, we get a uniform estimate of the difference between the previous and subsequent iterations, the corresponding successive approximations converge uniformly to a bounded continuous solution to the equation. The asymptotic behaviour of the constructed solution at infinity is studied. In particular, it is proved that the limit of this solution at infinity exists and is positive, and is uniquely determined from a certain characteristic equation. It is also proved that the difference between the limit and the solution is a summable function on the positive semi-axis. Using some geometric estimates for convex and concave functions, and employing the theorem on integral asymptotics obtained here, we prove the uniqueness of the solution in a certain subclass of non-negative non-trivial continuous and bounded functions. The results obtained are also applied to the study of a special class of non-linear Urysohn type integral equations on the positive semi-axis. In particular, the existence of a positive bounded solution to this class of equations is verified, and some qualitative properties of the constructed solution are studied. We also give specific applied examples of the corresponding kernels and non-linearities to illustrate the importance of the results obtained.

Agroecological assessment and efficiency of potential fertility

The paper raises the issues of biosphere development, which is carried out against the background of complex processes of substance and energy exchange. Under the influence of V.I. Based on Vernadsky's ideas, major progress was made in studying the movement of chemical elements and redistribution of matter within different parts of the biosphere. The energy of soil formation is a new scientific direction, studying on the basis of system analysis the regularities of transformation of solar energy spent on soil formation (physical and chemical destruction of soil-forming rocks, hyper gene transformation of minerals, etc.), revealing objective ecological conditions of formation and distribution of soils and biogeocenosis in the biosphere. An important task of soil formation energy is the development of effective technological systems to increase the full utilization of solar energy, to create highly productive natural and agricultural biocenoses. Before outlining the main directions of soil formation energetics, it is necessary to define a set of issues that are relevant to this problem. They should include sources and expenditures of energy in soil formation, the amount of energy accumulated in the soil, and others. Much less attention is paid to the energy assessment of these processes. Meanwhile, cognition of the regularities of energy exchange and transformation in the biosphere is a very important problem of modern natural science. From the energy point of view, the emergence and development of the biosphere on Earth should be considered as a grandiose process of gradual accumulation of the stock of convertible solar energy in the surface layer of the planet.

Empirical analysis of quantum mechanics and harmonic applications

A brief review of the main ideas (interpretations) of quantum mechanics is given. Each of the considered interpretations contains a number of disputable provisions, the discussion of which allows us to develop our own understanding of the mechanism of paradoxical quantum phenomena. The article is addressed to all students who study the concepts of modern natural science, and to all readers interested in the questions what is the reality beyond the quantum mechanical experiment or if our perception really shapes the physical world in some way. The author believes that the development of quantum information technologies is impossible without answering these fundamental questions.

The latest achievements of fundamental physics as a tool of “culture shock” in education

Specific topics from the field of the latest fundamental physics are proposed for their implementation in the educational process. It is proved that the considered ideas of elementary particle physics and cosmology contain stunning images. These are modern ideas about the structure of the Universe, about dark energy (cosmological vacuum), and the program for building a unified field theory, and the concept of a non-local observer in general relativity; and the accelerated expansion of the Universe with the Big Rip tendency of a Big Gap, and the geometrodynamic concept, and the multidimensional space-time of our Universe, and the superstring model, and the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking of the cosmological vacuum. And finally, the anthropic principle. Their summary is given. These problems inevitably contribute to the formation of an association of surprise and surprise among students, which is a strong argument in favor of using shock pedagogy technologies. It is proved that the discussed issues serve the spiritual and moral enrichment of young people and the formation of personally significant qualities of their characters in contrast to the routine and moralistic attitudes traditionally used in the educational process. The question is raised about the need to allocate additional hours in the scope of the discipline “Physics” for students of natural science and engineering areas of training / specialties and to restore the status of the discipline “Concepts of modern natural science” for students of humanities / specialties.

Developing Critical Thinking: A Comparison of Three Disciplinary Approaches

Critical thinking is considered one of the most important results of university education. However, approaches to its development are controversial: there is very conflicting empirical data on the effectiveness of different approaches to the development of critical thinking.
 Comparing approaches is difficult because different studies differ in the sets of critical thinking skills diagnosed, the learning conditions and the disciplines in which these approaches are implemented. Therefore, to carry out a comparative study of the effectiveness of infusion, immersion and mixed approaches to the development of critical thinking, a single discipline was chosen - “Concepts of modern natural science”, the differences between the approaches were formulated, which determined the general and different conditions for their implementation, a local definition of critical thinking for natural science was created, based on which identified a single set of diagnosable skills and developed a tool for their assessment. The study, covering 2019-2022, involved 619 students of the Faculty of Philology of RUDN University.
 The mixed approach turned out to be optimal; it statistically significantly improved all groups of critical thinking skills. The infusion approach is less effective in developing decision-making skills and formulating inferences, but in other respects is not inferior to the mixed approach. The immersion approach is the least effective and primarily affects the group of information comprehension skills. The duration of the formation of critical thinking skills has a significant impact on the results: an impact spread over two semesters is more effective than one compressed into one semester. The difference in results between first and second year students may be explained by the cumulative nature of cognitive growth: learning has a delayed effect and there are epistemological crises in the perception of knowledge.

Theoretical aspects of the genesis of composites: Dependence of properties on the history of formation

AbstractStudies of the last decades have brought the results of modern natural science into technology of composite materials of the widest range. The methods of percolation theory have become constructive tools for studying the structure of composites, for the purposeful creation of materials with desired properties. In this paper, a computer model of the processes of self‐organization of percolation clusters has been created. The model considers such problems with self‐organization, in which the properties of a percolation cluster are also determined by the history of the system's development. To study the structure and properties of such systems, a three‐dimensional continuum percolation problem with interacting elements is solved in the model. Iterative algorithms for the motion and interaction of particles and clusters, leading to the formation of percolation systems, have been developed. Their structure and properties have been studied, a number of standard parameters have been calculated, and the dependence of the structure and properties of clusters on the rate of system generation, degree of self‐organization, and characteristic values of the correlation length has been studied; analytical dependences of a number of parameters of percolation systems are obtained.

Barium Aluminates and the Study of their Basic Thermodynamic Data

The article presents the results of studies of thermodynamically stable barium aluminates. A database of thermodynamic data has been created: enthalpies, entropies and coefficients of the heat capacity equation, necessary for the study of multicomponent systems, including barium aluminates. Since the basis of modern materials science is multicomponent systems, on their basis it is possible to create various combinations of phases in structural materials with a set of specified properties. Thus, modern thermodynamics is not a frozen science. It is known that the objects of research are expanding, where thermodynamic methods can be applied to study the area of high and low temperatures, the area of very low and high pressures. And new discoveries give birth to new areas of application of thermodynamics: thermodynamics of thermonuclear reactions, plasma thermodynamics, relativistic thermodynamics, thermodynamics of negative absolute temperatures, etc. And, finally, the methods of thermodynamic research themselves do not remain unchanged: the exergy method, the methods of thermodynamics of irreversible processes, etc. At present, the thermodynamic method of research is widely used in various fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and many other sciences and branches of technology. Being one of the most extensive areas of modern natural science, thermodynamics plays an important role in the system of knowledge necessary for an engineer of any specialty in his practical activities. Chemical thermodynamics, on the other hand, paid the greatest attention to the study of phase transitions and the properties of solutions, and in relation to chemical reactions it was limited mainly to determining their thermal effects. To some extent, this is due to the fact that it was these areas of chemical thermodynamics that were the first to satisfy the needs of production. The practical use of known methods of thermodynamics of chemical reactions for solving major industrial problems for a long time lagged behind its capabilities.

МІСЦЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ІНВАЗІЙНОЇ ФЛОРИ У СТРУКТУРІ СУЧАСНОГО ПРИРОДНИЧО-НАУКОВОГО ЗНАННЯ

This study places a strong emphasis on the role of landscape knowledge in investigating phytoinvasions. It underscores the significance of studying invasive flora within the broader context of researching anthropogenic environmental changes. Phytoinvasions are highlighted as crucial factors in shaping anthropogenic landscapes. This research aligns with the emerging scientific discipline known as invasive geobotany, situated at the intersection of biology, geography, and ecology, particularly in the fields of botany, anthropogenic landscape studies, and plant ecology. In the spectrum of contemporary natural knowledge, invasive geobotany occupies a pivotal position, bridging the realms of biology, geography, and ecology. This study underscores that invasive plants are integral elements of anthropogenic landscapes. It emphasizes that anthropogenic changes in vegetation, exemplified by phytoinvasions, occur within the broader context of human-induced environmental transformation. The interdisciplinary facets of invasive geobotany are delineated, highlighting its diverse connections as typified by O. I. Shabliy. These connections encompass genetic connections, which elucidate the genesis of this field of study, informational links, pointing to the sources of empirical data, connections established based on shared research objectives and methodologies, as well as organizational affiliations related to research support within a shared scientific framework. Specifically, genetic connections link invasive botany with botany and phytocenology. Informational interdisciplinary connections and shared research objectives and methods predominantly connect invasive botany with geography, particularly plant geography, transport geography, and anthropogenic landscape studies. Organizational interdisciplinary connections within invasive geobotany can be established both within the biological and geographical sciences. The wide range of interdisciplinary connections in invasive geobotany, coupled with the rapidly increasing number of scientific publications, indicates its status as a burgeoning field within modern natural science. This suggests the potential for a further increase in research activity in this area, including the emergence of new aspects in the study of phytoinvasions in the near future.

Опыт построения эпистемологического пространства сообщительности концепций философии науки

The article presents the experience of building an epistemological space of communication of the concepts of the philosophy of science. Based on his experience of teaching philosophy of science at three universities, the author raises the question of the conditions for building such a space. One condition is the analysis of different approaches to constructing the concepts of science. The second is the correction of one’s own approach and understanding of science, which would take into account other approaches to the study of science and the results obtained in them. The concepts of K. Popper, T. Kuhn, S. Toulmin, I. Lakatos are chosen for correction. In addition, the author’s concept of science is presented, carried out within the framework of the cultural-historical approach and general methodology. The author distinguishes two start-ups of science - the ancient one, where the ‘genome of science’ is formed, and the new European one, in which science and its genome function as an ‘institution of modernity’ are presented. He shows that in the construction of the theory of science, an important role is played by problems arising in culture, their resolution with the help of schemes, the construction of ideal objects based on schemes and logic requirements, which allow building a theoretical discourse, solving problems within its framework, comprehending empirical material. The methodological analysis made it possible to state that the development of science is not only a law-like process, due to the change of cultures, personality traits of scientists and forms of understanding science (“conceptualization” of science), but also a singular process in which each historical step in the development of science brings unique features with it. (they can be described, but cannot be subsumed under the concepts of ‘law’ or ‘regularity’). These provisions correspond to the ideas about science by Popper, Kuhn, Toulmin and Lakatos. At the same time, the author shows that they set themselves the task of explaining scientific revolutions or the historical development of science, but they took modern natural science as the ideal of science, often referred to the situation of the formation of modern science to illustrate these processes, and replaced the historical study of science by constructing it as a constant mechanism.

ANALYSIS OF INTERDISCIPLINARITY AND TRANSDISCIPLINARITY OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN THE GROUP "LAW" IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The paper discusses the problem of interdisciplinarity of education as a reflection of the interdisciplinarity of social and professional legal activity. The article considers the interdisciplinarity of university legal education, the formation of general education programs of various directions on an interdisciplinary basis. The special role of the choice of tools and mechanisms for achieving interdisciplinarity of educational programs is emphasized. The article analyzes the features of creating a system of evaluation of interdisciplinary educational programs in the group "Law" in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author reveals the essence and place of transdisciplinary research in the higher school education system as an innovative direction in the training of scientific personnel. Transdisciplinarity is understood as the study of the subject (more precisely, the elements of the subject area) of one scientific discipline using the methods and terminology of another discipline; in other words, it is the study of the subject by representatives of one discipline of another. It is with interdisciplinarity that the successes of modern natural sciences can be linked, many areas of which (for example, nanoscience) do not "fit" into a narrow disciplinary framework. An interdisciplinary approach is best suited for studying complex, multi-level, heterogeneous, continuously changing institutional systems. The author of the article suggests some ways to implement the recommendations of the World Declaration on Higher Education for the 21st Century. In turn, in order for transdisciplinarity to become accessible and understandable to teachers and university students, it should be presented in the form of a scientific approach. In other words, transdisciplinarity should be an independent scientific direction with its own research subject and concept, transdisciplinary approach and language, units of measurement and models of reality, method of information analysis and methodology of risk analysis of decisions. In this context, transdisciplinarity will allow for the general scientific classification and systematization of disciplinary knowledge. After such processing, disciplinary knowledge becomes fully adapted to their joint use in solving research and practical problems of any complexity and complexity.

Transdisciplinary role of physical and mathematical disciplines in modern natural science and engineering education

Introduction. In recent decades, a gradual degradation of mathematics and physics training in schools and universities has begun. Obviously, this has caused a significant decrease in the quality of professional training of students in the conditions of commercialisation and continuous reforms of education, and its chaotic digitalisation. At the same time, modern mathematics and physics have become the leader of the transdisciplinary trend in the natural, engineering, and other sciences of the digital era. The transdisciplinary trend generates a universal methodology capable of solving complex multifactorial interdisciplinary problems of nature and society. As a result of the transdisciplinary trend in science, such scientific fields as cybernetics, general systems theory, catastrophe theory, synergetics, artificial intelligence, big data, etc. have emerged. All these concepts were developed on the basis of the achievements of mathematics and physics over the past 70–80 years, which gave rise to the most unique practical achievements in modern, natural, and technical sciences.Aim. The present research aims to explore transdisciplinarity role of physical and mathematical disciplines in modern natural science and engineering education.Methodology and research methods. The system-based approach was used to analyse the role of mathematical and physical science systems in modern education. The synergetic approach became the basis for the study of the transdisciplinary trend of these systems in historical retrospect. In the methodology of these approaches, an important role was played by the methods of students’ holistic scientific worldviews formation, including ideas about the modern picture of the world of mathematics and physics. The authors applied the methods to develop student systems thinking (with its important quality of nonlinearity), which underlies the solution of multifactorial interdisciplinary tasks of their professional activity.Results. The results of the analysis of the transdisciplinary role of physical and mathematical disciplines indicate the fundamental importance of the unique potential of these disciplines in the natural science and engineering education in the era of the computer revolution.Scientific novelty. The authors identified, justified and characterised transdisciplinary ideas and methods (in mathematics and physics), which bring natural and engineering sciences to a higher level of cognition, thus contributing to improving the quality of natural science and engineering training of students at universities using a computer.Practical significance. The research materials emphasise considerable practical importance to implement a transdisciplinary approach in didactics and methods of teaching physical and mathematical disciplines in the system of natural science, and engineering education. The research findings will be of interest to educational theorists and teachers, who conduct professional training of students of natural science and engineering fields and to everyone who is interested in the prosperous future of the educational system.

The Vedic Microcosm sūkṣmāntarikṣa

The Vedika tradition offers a multifaceted view of “this whole” is Agni [SB 7.3.1.12], pervaded antarikṣa, [Tāṇḍya Br, 15.12.2] and the sūkṣmāntarikṣa, the humans or more aptly, Jīva, along with Śarīraṁ [SB 6.1.1 4]. Rooted in the Ṛta, which represents the cosmic order or the universal principles that govern the world and the universe. Human existence is deeply interconnected with the cosmos, governed by Dharma. The idea of interconnectedness and unity of the sūkṣmāntarikṣa and antarikṣa, “This Whole” is agni [SB 7.3.1.12] = prajāpatiḥ [SB 6.2 1.23] = puruṣaḥ [SB 6.1.1.5] = brahma [SB 10.4.1.5]. It is beautifully encapsulated [ Chāndogya Up. 6.1.7], which says, "All this is, indeed, Brahman" and ascertains further by “Tat Tvam Asi” [ Chāndogya Up. 6.8.7], hence establishes cosmic responsibilities. [RV. 1.89.6] giving sūkṣmāntarikṣa the greatest strength in its capacity to depict the complexities and vulnerabilities of human existence. What we call Prakṛti, i.e., the nature is intricately connected to Ṛta, [RV.1.90.6; RV. 1.164.23; RV. 10.190.1], and [Taittiriya Saṁhitā, 1.2.8.1]. The order and balance between the antarikṣa and the sūkṣmāntarikṣain, the natural world as a reflection of the cosmic order. [RV.1.89.2; RV.1.25.8], harmony in nature, [RV. 5.44.4; RV. 7.49.4] and moral and ethical [RV. 10.191.1] are established. This paper, explores man and nature from the above perspective, which leads ultimately to the space and time to which the modern natural and mathematical sciences have started converging. It is a tiny part of my long discourse under preparation, “Vedic Hṛdaya Chakṣu." Keywords: antarikṣa, sūkṣmāntarikṣa, agni, Tat Tvam Asi, Prajapati, puruṣa, Śarīraṁ, Hṛdaya, Chakṣu, Ṛta, सूक्ष्मांतरिक्ष, Vedic MicroCosm